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Assets And Liabilities, Educational Expectations, And Children's College Degree Attainment, Min Zhan, Michael Sherraden Oct 2009

Assets And Liabilities, Educational Expectations, And Children's College Degree Attainment, Min Zhan, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

This research examines relationships among household assets and liabilities, educational expectations of children and parents, and children’s college degree attainment. Special attention is paid to influences of different asset types (financial vs. nonfinancial assets) and liabilities (secured vs. unsecured debt). Results indicate that, after controlling for family income and other parent/child characteristics, financial and nonfinancial assets are positively related to, and unsecured debt is negatively related to, children’s college completion. Furthermore, there is evidence that financial assets are positively associated with the education expectations of parents and children. Policy directions are suggested.


The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison Of Treatment And Control Groups, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam Oct 2009

The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison Of Treatment And Control Groups, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam

Center for Social Development Research

The SEED for Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison of Treatment and Control Groups


Wealth Effects Of An Asset-Building Intervention Among Rural Households In Sub-Saharan Africa, Gina A. N. Chowa, Michael Sherraden Sep 2009

Wealth Effects Of An Asset-Building Intervention Among Rural Households In Sub-Saharan Africa, Gina A. N. Chowa, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Asset development is a key strategy to promote economic and social development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Research has found associations between asset ownership and household well-being. However, to date there has been little rigorous research on impacts of asset-building interventions for families in SSA. In this study, we analyze wealth outcomes of a matched savings intervention among rural households in Masindi, Uganda. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, significant differences are found on the adjusted means for financial assets ($1,323.01), total wealth ($1,72.18), and net worth ($2,048.20). Overall, results show that asset-building interventions have potential utility as a policy solution for …


The Human Capital Agenda: Asset Holding And Educational Attainment Among African-American Youth, William Elliott, Kevin Kim, Hyunzee Jung, Min Zhan Sep 2009

The Human Capital Agenda: Asset Holding And Educational Attainment Among African-American Youth, William Elliott, Kevin Kim, Hyunzee Jung, Min Zhan

Center for Social Development Research

This study extends previous analyses in several ways. First, in addition to parental wealth, the relationship between children’s wealth and math and reading scores are examined. Second, we examine different mediating pathways that wealth may affect children’s math and reading scores in a single path analysis model. The advantage of path analysis over traditional regression analyses, which are typically used in this area, is that researchers can get a glimpse of relationships among variables. While the focus of regression analysis is on the associations of predictors with outcome variables, path analysis provides a larger picture of the overall structure of …


Young Children's Perceptions Of College And Saving: Potential Role Of Child Development Accounts, William Elliott Iii, Margaret Sherrard Sherraden, Lissa Johnson, Baorong Guo Sep 2009

Young Children's Perceptions Of College And Saving: Potential Role Of Child Development Accounts, William Elliott Iii, Margaret Sherrard Sherraden, Lissa Johnson, Baorong Guo

Center for Social Development Research

This paper explores young children's perceptions and expectations about attending college, and the potential influence of a savings program on shaping children's perceptions about paying for college. As part of a four-year study of a school-based college savings program called “I Can Save”, this paper uses qualitative evidence from interviews conducted in second and fourth grades with a diverse group of 51 children. Findings suggest that most of the children in the study have a general understanding of college and have begun a process of considering higher education. Further, children in “I Can Save” are more likely than a comparison …


Child Development Accounts And Saving For Children's Future: Do Financial Incentives Matter?, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Youngmi Kim, Vernon Loke Sep 2009

Child Development Accounts And Saving For Children's Future: Do Financial Incentives Matter?, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Youngmi Kim, Vernon Loke

Center for Social Development Research

This study examines savings outcomes in the first large-scale demonstration of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) in the United States—the Saving for Education, Entrepreneurship, and Downpayment (SEED) initiative. It is also the first empirical study, to our knowledge, to investigate associations between savings outcomes and incentives in an asset-building program for children. This study enhances knowledge about saving in CDAs, incentives in public policy in general, and incentives in savings policy in particular. Results can inform CDA policy design.


Overview Of Child Development Accounts In Developing Countries, Jeff Meyer, Rainier D. Masa, Jamie M. Zimmerman Sep 2009

Overview Of Child Development Accounts In Developing Countries, Jeff Meyer, Rainier D. Masa, Jamie M. Zimmerman

Center for Social Development Research

Child Development Accounts (CDAs) as a matter of policy have existed for some time, though predominantly in developed countries. While there are at least a few government social programs with CDA components in the developing world, such policies have yet to gain significant traction. This paper finds that despite this lack of policy movement, CDAs do exist in developing countries in a variety of forms and delivered by a diverse group of institutions. Government-linked institutions (such as savings and post banks); non-governmental institutions (such as credit unions and NGOs); and commercial financial institutions are all innovating in CDA design and …


Tribal Innovations In Children's Accounts, Miriam Jorgensen, Peter Morris Sep 2009

Tribal Innovations In Children's Accounts, Miriam Jorgensen, Peter Morris

Center for Social Development Research

An important frontier in savings policy and research is the effectiveness of accounts at birth. This paper presents ideas and initial findings from the experience of American Indian nations—America’s first asset-builders—with such policies. It describes the motivations for creating “minors’ accounts,” which are offered by approximately 70 tribes. These tribes are the only jurisdictions in the nation to offer universal, unrestricted accounts for children. Increasingly, they also are using conditions and incentives to promote their policy goals. Their experiences and ideas offer important insights for mainstream policy makers and program managers (in the US and elsewhere) about how to design …


Innovations In Youth Saving And Asset Building Around The World, Rainier Masa Sep 2009

Innovations In Youth Saving And Asset Building Around The World, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Innovations in Youth Saving and Asset Building Around the World


Assets As A Resource Variable In The Stress Management Of Low-Income Families, David Rothwell, Chang-Keun Han Sep 2009

Assets As A Resource Variable In The Stress Management Of Low-Income Families, David Rothwell, Chang-Keun Han

Center for Social Development Research

The hard times resulting from the 2008 recession represent an opportunity to re-examine the theoretical framework for how families use economic resources to adjust and adapt to stress. Sherraden’s (1991) theory of assets and McCubbin and Patterson’s (1983) Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) model are used to demonstrate how assets relate to family stressors and demands among a sample of 839 low-income families. The negative relationship between assets and financial stressors and financial strain suggest that the expansion of social welfare policies promoting assets among low-income families may positively influence family relations. Future research on family relations would benefit …


Productive Aging Conference Report, Nancy Morrow-Howell, Gao Jianguo, Li Zou, Xie Yuxi Sep 2009

Productive Aging Conference Report, Nancy Morrow-Howell, Gao Jianguo, Li Zou, Xie Yuxi

Center for Social Development Research

Productive Aging Conference Report


City And Community Innovations In Cdas: The Role Of Community-Based Organizations, Carl Rist, Liana Humphrey Sep 2009

City And Community Innovations In Cdas: The Role Of Community-Based Organizations, Carl Rist, Liana Humphrey

Center for Social Development Research

In the SEED Initiative, twelve community-based organizations (CBOs) across the United States and its territories were chosen to offer CDAs, establish best practices in delivering CDAs and demonstrate “proof of concept.” Since the inception of the SEED Initiative, a second wave of CDA programs has emerged at the local level. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these community and city-wide CDA innovations in the U.S. and to examine the role that CBOs play in these innovations. First, this paper explores the theory behind CBO engagement in asset-building and the roles CBOs typically play at the local level. Second, …


Financial Capability In Children: Effects Of Participation In A School-Based Financial Education And Savings Program, Margaret S. Sherraden, Lissa Johnson, Baorong Guo, William Elliott Aug 2009

Financial Capability In Children: Effects Of Participation In A School-Based Financial Education And Savings Program, Margaret S. Sherraden, Lissa Johnson, Baorong Guo, William Elliott

Center for Social Development Research

A groundswell of interest in young people’s ability to understand and handle financial decisions has generated keen interest in financial knowledge and effectiveness of financial education. This study examines an innovative four-year school-based financial education and savings program, called “I Can Save” (ICS). Using a quasi-experimental design, the study examines quantitative and qualitative data to analyze program effects on financial knowledge. Children who participated in ICS scored significantly higher on a financial literacy test than comparison group students in the same school, regardless of parent education and income. Results suggest that children increase financial capability when they have access to …


Kenya Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Kenya Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Kenya Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Nepal Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Nepal Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Nepal Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Peru Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Peru Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Peru Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Uganda Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Fred Ssewamala Aug 2009

Uganda Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Fred Ssewamala

Center for Social Development Research

Uganda Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


China Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Li Zou Aug 2009

China Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Li Zou

Center for Social Development Research

China Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Ghana Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, David Ansong Aug 2009

Ghana Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, David Ansong

Center for Social Development Research

Ghana Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Philippines Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Philippines Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Philippines Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Assets And Child Well-Being In Developing Countries: A Research Review, Gina A. N. Chowa, David Ansong, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Assets And Child Well-Being In Developing Countries: A Research Review, Gina A. N. Chowa, David Ansong, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

The impact of assets on child well-being in developing countries has received considerable attention in the last decade. Increased recognition of the critical role played by assets in enhancing children’s well-being has spurred efforts to study the relationship between assets and a range of outcomes for children. This chapter reviews current studies (i.e., conducted within the past 10 years) that explore the relationship of asset ownership and a range of outcomes. The studies we have included in this review illustrate the impact that assets can have on children’s outcomes in the area of health, education, and child labor. Overall, the …


Colombia Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa Aug 2009

Colombia Country Assessment For Youth Development Accounts, Rainier Masa

Center for Social Development Research

Colombia Country Assessment for Youth Development Accounts


Youth And Savings In Assetsafrica, Gina A. N. Chowa, David Ansong Aug 2009

Youth And Savings In Assetsafrica, Gina A. N. Chowa, David Ansong

Center for Social Development Research

As youth transition to adulthood, their ability to save and accumulate assets becomes very important as they begin to accept financial responsibilities and plan for the future. In this paper, we investigated the effects of an asset building intervention on youth asset accumulation in Masindi, a rural area in Uganda. Two waves of data were collected on youth, between 15 and 35 years of age, for both the treatment and comparison groups. We used a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique and Difference-in-Difference model to estimate the effects of the asset building intervention. We find that the mean difference in financial …


Measuring Volunteer Outcomes: Development Of The International Volunteer Impacts Survey, Benjamin J. Lough, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Margaret S. Sherraden Aug 2009

Measuring Volunteer Outcomes: Development Of The International Volunteer Impacts Survey, Benjamin J. Lough, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Margaret S. Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Current research on international volunteering and service is largely descriptive but program administrators and policymakers seek information about outcomes. This article reports on a 90-item survey administered to 983 respondents. Using factor analysis procedures, we assess factor structure and reliability across a range of outcomes in an International Volunteer Impacts Survey (IVIS) instrument designed to measure IVS volunteer outcomes. Resulting outcome categories include international contacts, open-mindedness, international understanding, intercultural relations, global identity, social skills, life plans, civic activism, community engagement, media attentiveness, and financial contributions. In this article, we discuss research design, survey administration, and further development of the IVIS.


Savings And Educational Attainment: The Potential Of College Savings Plans To Increase Educational Success, Michael Sherraden Jul 2009

Savings And Educational Attainment: The Potential Of College Savings Plans To Increase Educational Success, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Improved College Savings (529) Plans are part of the Obama administration’s broader focus on postsecondary education access and degree completion. This brief contains a literature review of the effects of savings and assets on outlook and life chances. The brief also examines the potential of savings to influence educational attainment and college completion.


Youth Saving Preferences In Sub-Saharan Africa And The Potential For Asset Accumulation, David Ansong, Gina Chowa Jul 2009

Youth Saving Preferences In Sub-Saharan Africa And The Potential For Asset Accumulation, David Ansong, Gina Chowa

Center for Social Development Research

As youth transition to adulthood, their ability to save and accumulate assets becomes very important as they begin to accept financial responsibilities and plan for the future. This paper uses data from Masindi, a rural area in Uganda, to (a) investigate the savings preferences of youth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), (b) examine the relationship between an asset-building intervention for youth and higher savings, and (c) determine whether gender and marital status interact in their effect on young people’s savings in SSA. Univariate statistics, independent sample t-test and factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to address the study’s three goals. …


Idas, Saving Taste, And Household Wealth: Evidence From The American Dream Demonstration, Jin Huang Jul 2009

Idas, Saving Taste, And Household Wealth: Evidence From The American Dream Demonstration, Jin Huang

Center for Social Development Research

This study uses the longitudinal survey data from the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) involving experimental design (treatment group=537, control group=566) to examine the effects of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) on household wealth of low-income participants. Results of quantile regression analysis show that program participation significantly increased household financial assets, controlling for household saving taste and other demographic variables. Program participants did not reshuffle existing assets into IDAs, and IDA savings represented new household wealth. Low-wealth participants benefited more from the program than those with relatively more wealth. In addition, program participation changed participants’ saving behaviors and improved household saving taste.


Second Thoughts: Who Almost Participates In An Ida?, David Rothwell, Chang-Keun Han Jul 2009

Second Thoughts: Who Almost Participates In An Ida?, David Rothwell, Chang-Keun Han

Center for Social Development Research

Self-selection into social intervention programs may bias the estimates of treatment impact. Data from an Individual Development Account (IDA) program (N = 758) are used to examine the self-selection process. Persons who applied but did not enroll are assumed to have had “second thoughts” about program participation. Multivariate logistic regression predicted second thoughts and showed that having children in the household and negative net worth, along with not owning a vehicle, were positively related to having second thoughts. Those saving for an education were more likely than those saving for a home or business to have second thoughts. Implications for …


State-Level Asset-Building Coalitions: Origins, Operations, And Achievements, Naomi Warren, Gena Gunn Jul 2009

State-Level Asset-Building Coalitions: Origins, Operations, And Achievements, Naomi Warren, Gena Gunn

Center for Social Development Research

State-Level Asset-Building Coalitions: Origins, Operations, and Achievements


Asset Building Among Native Hawaiians: Lessons From The Kahikū Ida Program, David Rothwell Jul 2009

Asset Building Among Native Hawaiians: Lessons From The Kahikū Ida Program, David Rothwell

Center for Social Development Research

Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) are matched savings accounts that encourage asset development for individuals and families with low incomes. Unique program data from an IDA program serving 758 Native Hawaiians were used to model the probability of participating in and graduating from the IDA program. Multivariate logistic regression models show that children in the household, lack of vehicle ownership, and savings goal (education) were associated with a reduced likelihood of program participation. Participants who owned homes and had relatively high savings balances prior to starting the program were more likely to graduate. Additionally, Maui participants were more than three times …