Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Walden University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1321 - 1350 of 18116

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Predictors Of Sexual Violence Prevalence At U.S. Colleges And Universities, Theodore Daniel Hostikka Dec 2025

Predictors Of Sexual Violence Prevalence At U.S. Colleges And Universities, Theodore Daniel Hostikka

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This research explored the prevalence of sexual harassment and assault among students at U.S. colleges and universities, aiming to quantify incident rates and assess their impact on academic and psychological well-being. Grounded in socioecological and intersectional theories, the research examined how environmental interactions and interconnected social identities shape individual experiences. Specifically, this research explored (a) the link between the percentage of female students and the prevalence of sexual violence on campuses; (b) how the proportion of first-generation students relates to sexual violence prevalence; (c) the connection between campus size and rates of sexual violence; and (d) whether gender makeup, first-year …


Staff Education On Burnout For Mental Healthcare Staff Mitigation Strategies For Psychiatric Outpatient Staff, Kadine Foreman-Westly Dec 2025

Staff Education On Burnout For Mental Healthcare Staff Mitigation Strategies For Psychiatric Outpatient Staff, Kadine Foreman-Westly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this project is to determine whether implementing a staff education program in a psychiatric clinical setting can improve healthcare staff knowledge of strategies to prevent burnout. The project addresses a critical practice problem: a lack of structured education programs specifically targeting burnout recognition and management among mental healthcare staff. Burnout not only negatively impacts staff well-being but also affects patient safety and the overall quality of care. This project was designed to fill this gap by providing an educational intervention, with effectiveness measured through pre- and post-intervention surveys assessing staff knowledge. This staff education project was strengthened …


Counselors’ Experience Of Vicarious Trauma Symptoms During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aleah B. Curley Dec 2025

Counselors’ Experience Of Vicarious Trauma Symptoms During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aleah B. Curley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As caseloads increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, counselors experienced a shift to telehealth counseling and double exposure to trauma and pandemic elements. Some counselors experienced symptoms of vicarious trauma (VT). A gap in the literature existed regarding the interaction of the pandemic among clients and counselors’ experiences of VT symptoms. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the lessons learned by capturing the stories of counselors who experienced VT symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research question concerned the retrospective experiences of counselors who self-reported experiencing VT symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven licensed professional counselors who experienced …


Optimizing Global Micropayments Through Bitcoin’S On-Chain Architecture For Enhanced Scalability And Economic Efficiency, Craig Steven Wright Dec 2025

Optimizing Global Micropayments Through Bitcoin’S On-Chain Architecture For Enhanced Scalability And Economic Efficiency, Craig Steven Wright

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High fees and structural limitations in traditional payment systems prevent the viable use of global micropayments, creating barriers to innovation and restricting financial participation for individuals and organisations reliant on low-value digital transactions; stakeholders in digital commerce, financial-technology development, and payment-infrastructure organisations care about this problem because percentage-based fees render transactions under $5 economically unviable and suppress usage-based business models. Grounded in transaction cost economics, the purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine differences in effective fee percentage and absolute fee in USD across five payment providers using 55,000 archival transactions dated May 2025 (11,000 each from PayPal, …


Relationship Between Time Assessment, Cost Projection, And Project Performance In The U.S. Government, James Egerson Harris Dec 2025

Relationship Between Time Assessment, Cost Projection, And Project Performance In The U.S. Government, James Egerson Harris

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Project management roles are growing in terms of importance, yet project failure rates remain significant. Business leaders and stakeholders are concerned about the successful completion of projects because failure can result in significant cost overruns and delays. Grounded in the iron triangle theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational research project was to examine the relationship between time assessment, cost projections, and project performance. Participants included 84 professionals, including project/program managers and IT analysts in Northern Virginia, who completed the Project Implementation Profile (PIP) tool. Results of Spearman’s Rho correlational test were significant, indicating time (r = 0.240, p = …


Engagement Strategies To Increase Employee Retention And Productivity Within The Accommodation Industry, Lathoya Felding Dec 2025

Engagement Strategies To Increase Employee Retention And Productivity Within The Accommodation Industry, Lathoya Felding

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of effective employee engagement strategies in the accommodations industry can undermine retention and productivity, imposing costs on organizations and harming morale. Grounded in Kahn’s employee engagement theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to identify and explore the effective employee engagement strategies that accommodations leaders use to increase employee retention and productivity. Participants were six leaders of accommodation industry organizations in the southern United States. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis. Five key themes were revealed: (a) implementing employee recognition programs, (b) providing career development and training …


Pregnancy Intention And Maternal Morbidity In Oklahoma And Mississippi: A Moderation Analysis Of Abortion Restriction Policies, Vicki Johnson Dec 2025

Pregnancy Intention And Maternal Morbidity In Oklahoma And Mississippi: A Moderation Analysis Of Abortion Restriction Policies, Vicki Johnson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than half of all pregnancies are unintended (mistimed or unwanted), and women with unplanned pregnancies may face economic hardships for families and additional health consequences if they have pre-existing medical conditions. This quantitative study was conducted to examine the relationship between pregnancy intention levels and severe acute maternal morbidity, specifically chorioamnionitis, among women who gave birth in Oklahoma and Mississippi in 2022. Using secondary data (N=1939) from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Automated Research Files and state-level abortion policy data from the Guttmacher Institute, this study employed Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model framework to investigate the relationship between pregnancy …


Instructional Designers’ Perceptions On Generative Ai Integration In Higher Education, Alison Mclaughlin Dec 2025

Instructional Designers’ Perceptions On Generative Ai Integration In Higher Education, Alison Mclaughlin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed through this study is that the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools has created challenges for online higher education instructional designers, who must evolve pedagogically and continually evaluate and refine the balance between the use of generative AI tools and human development. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of online higher education instructional designers on what challenges and successes they are experiencing in integrating rapidly evolving generative AI tools in course design and development, and how these experiences have shaped their current perceptions about teaching and learning. Guided by …


Effective Strategies To Attract And Retain Qualified Hospitality Staff In The Post-Pandemic Caribbean, Rajan Bhattarai Dec 2025

Effective Strategies To Attract And Retain Qualified Hospitality Staff In The Post-Pandemic Caribbean, Rajan Bhattarai

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Employee attraction and retention remain critical constraints for Caribbean luxury-wellness resorts in the post-pandemic era. Hospitality and tourism leaders are concerned because persistent vacancy, churn, and extended time-to-competence impair service quality and performance of their organizations. Grounded in the Baldrige Excellence Framework and social exchange theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the effective strategies employed by tourism leaders to attract and retain qualified staff within a Caribbean hospitality organization. Data were collected from five Caribbean leaders (HR director, department manager, and supervisors) using semistructured interviews and analyzing organizational documents. Thematic analysis was used to …


Perception Of Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury Regarding The Veterans Administration Rehabilitation Process, Kalangie J. Serrano Dec 2025

Perception Of Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury Regarding The Veterans Administration Rehabilitation Process, Kalangie J. Serrano

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There was a social work practice gap on the perceptions of veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding the Veterans Administration's (VA’s) rehabilitation process in terms of its ability to enhance their vocational skills and employability. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the vocational and employment needs of military veterans with TBI and to understand their perceptions and challenges in navigating the vocational rehabilitation and employment process. Using a generic qualitative approach and ecological systems theory, data were collected through semistructured interviews with seven veterans who had participated in rehabilitation programs. Thematic analysis of the data revealed …


School And District Leaders’ Understanding Of Technology Organizations’ Cyber Business Practices, Jayejaye Johnson Dec 2025

School And District Leaders’ Understanding Of Technology Organizations’ Cyber Business Practices, Jayejaye Johnson

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

Educational technology (EdTech) interoperability throughout cyberspace provides the financial opportunity to collect and sell student privacy information in digital learning environments, challenging school leaders to govern schools and keep children safe. School leaders provide the resources, funding, planning, decision making, and administration for EdTech cybersecurity practices and policies, yet little is known about what public school leaders understand. A quantitative study was designed using primary data collected from an online survey. Four research questions guided this study: What are the differences in cybersecurity practices and policy response scores (1) between male and female school leaders; (2) among leaders with different …


Child Assent Practices In Research: Improving Ethics, Decision-Making, And Inclusivity, David C. Coker, Ketaki Inamdar, Daniel F. Mccleary, Lesley Cottrell Dec 2025

Child Assent Practices In Research: Improving Ethics, Decision-Making, And Inclusivity, David C. Coker, Ketaki Inamdar, Daniel F. Mccleary, Lesley Cottrell

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

The following article addresses a conundrum: What if child assent in research were a fully informed, stand-alone process that empowered all children to discuss meaningfully, negotiate, and decide how and what the research experience would look like? Past research and practices suggest that child assent, when children (youths to 17-year-olds who have not been emancipated) agree to participate in research before, during, and after parents’ or guardians’ consent, is rife with problems that minimize informed participation and prize procedural ethics over true understanding of the processes and autonomous decision-making. Academic articles often lack details, as length requirements and brevity preclude …


The Effects Of Perceived Stress On First Responders' Job Performance While Moderating For Self-Efficacy, Diane Craig Dec 2025

The Effects Of Perceived Stress On First Responders' Job Performance While Moderating For Self-Efficacy, Diane Craig

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Stress in the workplace results in substantial economic losses for U.S. organizations. The effects of perceived stress on reducing the job performance of first responders continue to be a concern for administrators in emergency response management. Grounded in self-efficacy theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the moderating effects of self efficacy on the relationship between perceived stress and job performance among U.S. first responders. The sample comprised 78 men and 65 women (N = 143) from professional response agencies in the United States. They completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Endicott Work Productivity Scale, and the …


Strategies Leaders Use To Reduce Voluntary Attrition Among Employees With Access To Wellness Programs, Cara Murray Dec 2025

Strategies Leaders Use To Reduce Voluntary Attrition Among Employees With Access To Wellness Programs, Cara Murray

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Voluntary employee attrition presents ongoing challenges for organizational leaders, particularly among employees whose workplace needs and preferences are unmet. The problem is that many leaders lack effective strategies to mitigate voluntary attrition, which negatively impacts productivity, morale, and overall organizational performance. Grounded in the job demands–resources model and wellness climate theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to explore strategies leaders used to reduce voluntary employee attrition among employees who have access to workplace wellness programs. The participants were six organizational leaders from mid-sized and public-sector organizations who successfully mitigated voluntary attrition. Data were collected through semistructured …


Clinical Practice Guideline On Reducing Catheter -Associated Urinary Tract Infections (Cautis), Nkechi Christiana Udah Dec 2025

Clinical Practice Guideline On Reducing Catheter -Associated Urinary Tract Infections (Cautis), Nkechi Christiana Udah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The project was a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for early catheter removal to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). At the project site, the practice gap was the surgical nurses’ nonadherence to clinical guidelines for reducing CAUTIs. This gap resulted in inconsistent catheter care practices and delays in catheter removal. The purpose of this CPG was to enhance surgical nurses’ knowledge and adherence to clinical guidelines for reducing CAUTI rates. The following practice-focused question guided the project: In hospitalized patients in acute care settings, does early removal of the urinary catheter compared to leaving the catheter until discharge reduce the …


Effective Strategies Hawaiian Food Truck Owners Use To Sustain Their Businesses, Eric J. Harring Dec 2025

Effective Strategies Hawaiian Food Truck Owners Use To Sustain Their Businesses, Eric J. Harring

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Food trucks are popular choices for consumers seeking diverse cuisines and unique dining experiences, but running a successful food truck business presents significant challenges, including fluctuating customer preferences, regulatory hurdles, and intense competition. Addressing these obstacles is crucial for food truck owners to ensure the long-term viability of their enterprises. Grounded in contingency theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry research project was to explore the strategies employed by food truck owners to overcome these challenges and foster sustainable growth. The participants were six business owners of Hawaiian food trucks who sustained their businesses for at least three years. …


Developing Outreach Strategies To Sustain Diversity And Inclusion In Interfaith Partnerships With Local Government, Dora Muhammad Dec 2025

Developing Outreach Strategies To Sustain Diversity And Inclusion In Interfaith Partnerships With Local Government, Dora Muhammad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Local government has been hindered by a lack of sustained interfaith engagement. Faith leaders have not been consistent stakeholders in policymaking decisions. This gap in practice stemmed from a lack of research of self-transcendence within public administrative settings. Grounded in a review of 70 years of research into the conceptual framework of government needs analysis, this study’s purpose was to explore principles and concepts of civic engagement and partnership shared among faiths. Qualitative research was designed to answer, “How do faith leaders describe the current civic participation, partnership, diversity, and inclusive strategies within their faith communities as they relate to …


Strategies Used By Psychiatric Hospital Directors To Reduce Readmission Rates, Increase Revenue And Improve Patient Outcomes, K'Chinwe Blanche Marie Ezeokoli Dec 2025

Strategies Used By Psychiatric Hospital Directors To Reduce Readmission Rates, Increase Revenue And Improve Patient Outcomes, K'Chinwe Blanche Marie Ezeokoli

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High psychiatric hospital readmission rates threaten patient stability, strain hospital finances, and reduce community wellbeing. Psychiatric hospital leaders need effective strategies to lower readmissions. Grounded in complex adaptive systems theory and the balanced scorecard framework, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore effective strategies used by psychiatric hospital directors to reduce readmission rates, increase revenue, and improve patient outcomes. The participants were seven psychiatric hospital directors who had implemented strategies for reduced readmission rates. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and relevant public documents. Using thematic analysis, five themes were identified: (a) establish a …


Elementary Reading Teachers’ Experiences Implementing Individualized Instruction, Laura E. Ellis Dec 2025

Elementary Reading Teachers’ Experiences Implementing Individualized Instruction, Laura E. Ellis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Second-grade through fourth-grade teachers face challenges associated with implementing individualized reading instruction to address learning differences. A deeper understanding of teachers’ experiences can help inform future educational policies targeting educators who instruct struggling readers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of elementary reading teachers who use individualized instruction to support diverse learners. The study was grounded in Tomlinson’s model of differentiated instruction, which served as the guiding conceptual framework. Using a basic qualitative design, this study’s central research question explored elementary teachers’ experiences with individualized instructional practices. Data were collected through open-ended semistructured interviews with …


Effective Leadership Strategies Used To Retain Volunteers In Nonprofit Organizations, Celine Ejoh Njeck Dec 2025

Effective Leadership Strategies Used To Retain Volunteers In Nonprofit Organizations, Celine Ejoh Njeck

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract Nonprofit organizations provide critical services that address social, cultural, and economic needs within communities. Nonprofit leaders who cannot retain volunteers risk reduced organizational capacity, interruptions in program delivery, and weakened ability to achieve program objectives. Grounded in servant leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore the effective strategies nonprofit leaders use to retain volunteers to support their program objectives. Participants were six nonprofit leaders in north Texas who have successfully retained volunteers to support their program objectives. Data was collected using semi structured interviews and a review of publicly available documents …


Social And Contextual Factors Influencing Hypertension Among Latino Men Living In California, Leslie Ivett Ortega Dec 2025

Social And Contextual Factors Influencing Hypertension Among Latino Men Living In California, Leslie Ivett Ortega

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hypertension remains a critical and often silent public health issue that disproportionately affects Latino men in California. This quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study explored the social and contextual factors influencing hypertension among this vulnerable population. Using the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset, which included a sample size of 2,060 participants, the study examined the relationship between hypertension and key variables including primary care utilization, health insurance, smoking, physical activity, mental health, and marital status, while controlling for age, education, and income. Guided by the health belief model, binary logistic regression analyses found health insurance and primary care utilization significantly …


Strategies For Improving Supported Employment Services For Adults With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Janelle Latoya Bailey Dec 2025

Strategies For Improving Supported Employment Services For Adults With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Janelle Latoya Bailey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a growing need for supported employment services and improved programming among people with intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD). The research question for this study was; what are human service staff and administrators’ experiences and perceptions of what is working well in supported employment programs, and how to improve the services offered to adults with I/DD in a northeastern county? The tenets of Kurt Lewin’s change model form the theoretical framework for the study, to serve as a foundation for effective change. A force field analysis approach was used to gather narrative written data from open ended questionnaire responses to grasp …


An Examination Of Psychosocial Factors Related To Male Serial Killers, Rachael Elizabeth Tubbs Dec 2025

An Examination Of Psychosocial Factors Related To Male Serial Killers, Rachael Elizabeth Tubbs

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Historically, studies on serial murderers have not concentrated in depth on analyzing what psychosocial factors are or how they could influence a man to become a serial killer. The focus of this qualitative study was on the psychosocial characteristics of male serial killers that are from, and based in, the United States. Using a case study analysis approach, the life course of serial killers in the FGCU Radford Database was analyzed to identify themes of adverse childhood experiences such as physical, emotional, or psychological abuse; abandonment by parent or guardian; limited or no social bonds; witnessing abuse; and signs of …


Narratives Of Sexual Self-Esteem As A Domain Of Sexual Well-Being In Cisgender Women’S Long-Term Intimate Relationships, Lisa Criswell Dec 2025

Narratives Of Sexual Self-Esteem As A Domain Of Sexual Well-Being In Cisgender Women’S Long-Term Intimate Relationships, Lisa Criswell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Only within the last few decades has female sexual health become a topic of focus for researchers and practitioners to begin focusing on, leading to a gap in research between female sexual health and male sexual health. This has led to lack of knowledge and understanding on female sexual dysfunction and how interventions can effectively address it. An identified gap in knowledge of female sexual health and self-esteem is the lack of understanding of female narratives. This study was developed with the purpose of filling that gap and addressing domains within sexual health and self-esteem through exploration of the narratives …


Internal Control Strategies To Reduce Occupational Fraud In Small Business, Karen Walauskas Dec 2025

Internal Control Strategies To Reduce Occupational Fraud In Small Business, Karen Walauskas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small businesses can be at a heightened risk of occupational fraud if their internal control strategies are not effective. This risk is a major concern for small business owners, who might face financial and operational challenges as a result. Grounded in Cressey’s fraud triangle framework, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore effective internal control strategies to reduce the risk of occupational fraud from occurring. Participants were six small business owners in New England who had developed effective internal controls. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and employee handbooks. Through thematic analysis, four themes emerged, including …


Access To Care Barriers To Sacral Neuromodulation Implantation In Adults With Overactive Bladder From Georgia, Tamara Lynn Wojciechowski Dec 2025

Access To Care Barriers To Sacral Neuromodulation Implantation In Adults With Overactive Bladder From Georgia, Tamara Lynn Wojciechowski

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a safe and physically well-tolerated third-line treatment using an implantable device for the management of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Other first- and second-line treatments for OAB are frequently ineffective and often poorly tolerated. SNM implantation appears to be underutilized compared to other third-line treatments even though SNM has been rated more effective in OAB symptom mitigation with fewer side effects. Thus, the purpose of this quantitative correlational cross-sectional study was to explore whether health services factors are barriers to utilizing SNM implantation as the third-line treatment for OAB in adults. Andersen’s behavioral model of health services …


Strategies Property Management Leaders Use To Strengthen Employee Engagement In The Workplace, Angela Hartleigh Dec 2025

Strategies Property Management Leaders Use To Strengthen Employee Engagement In The Workplace, Angela Hartleigh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lack of employee engagement presents a significant risk and cost across the property management industry. Property management business leaders are concerned with this challenge because employee engagement directly affects performance efficiency and employee turnover costs. Grounded in the self-determination theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies property management leaders use to strengthen employee engagement in the workplace. The participants were six purposefully selected property management business leaders in the United States. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of public industry documents. Through thematic analysis, six themes were identified: (a) communication, (b) mentorship, …


Examining The Association Between User Fee Exemptions And Maternal Healthcare Utilization In Northern Ghana, Martina Hilton-Ansah Dec 2025

Examining The Association Between User Fee Exemptions And Maternal Healthcare Utilization In Northern Ghana, Martina Hilton-Ansah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract In Ghana, the user fee exemption policy, implemented in 2008, provides free maternal health services, which are a key component of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Grounded in the Health Access Livelihood Framework, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between the user fee exemption policy and the utilization of antenatal care, facility-based delivery, and postnatal care in Northern Ghana, while controlling for sociodemographic factors. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, encompassing women of reproductive age (15–49 years; N = 6,948). Logistic regression was used to …


Digital Health Literacy And Health Information-Seeking Behavior Among Black Mothers With Hypertensive Disorders During The Perinatal Period, Robyn Ford Kebede Dec 2025

Digital Health Literacy And Health Information-Seeking Behavior Among Black Mothers With Hypertensive Disorders During The Perinatal Period, Robyn Ford Kebede

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how Black mothers navigated digital health platforms during the perinatal period while managing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Guided by the social ecological model and the transactional model of eHealth literacy, the study examined how individual, interpersonal, and structural factors influenced digital health engagement and decision-making. Guiding questions focused on how mothers perceived the credibility and trustworthiness of online health information, how healthcare providers shaped and influenced digital health literacy and information-seeking behaviors, and how community and family support affected digital engagement. Data were collected through semi structured interviews …


Early Life And Post-Traumatic Growth Among Urban African Americans, J. Howard Streeter Iii Dec 2025

Early Life And Post-Traumatic Growth Among Urban African Americans, J. Howard Streeter Iii

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has received increasing attention in psychological research, yet the PTG experiences of African Americans remain underexplored. Trauma researchers have established the common prevalence of trauma within this population, but there have been very few studies on how African Americans traverse trauma according to PTG. Understanding PTG in this population is essential for clergy, coaches, parents, counselors, and others who work in these communities. The purpose of this quantitative survey study was to determine whether there was a statistically significant relationship between rumination, religious orientation, religious commitment, and stressful life events (SLEs) and PTG among urban African American …