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The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Paschal Chinedu Ukwu Dec 2024

The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Paschal Chinedu Ukwu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although there is a general awareness of the importance of mental health, the role of mental health education in shaping the perceptions and attitudes of Nigerian immigrants in the United States remains understudied. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the impact of mental health education on the attitudes and beliefs of Nigerian immigrants in the United States. The theoretical foundation for this study was the health belief model, which posits that an individual’s beliefs about health, perceived risks, and perceived benefits play a significant role in their health behaviors. The central research question concerned how mental health education …


The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Paschal Chinedu Ukwu Dec 2024

The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Nigerian Immigrants In The United States, Paschal Chinedu Ukwu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although there is a general awareness of the importance of mental health, the role of mental health education in shaping the perceptions and attitudes of Nigerian immigrants in the United States remains understudied. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the impact of mental health education on the attitudes and beliefs of Nigerian immigrants in the United States. The theoretical foundation for this study was the health belief model, which posits that an individual’s beliefs about health, perceived risks, and perceived benefits play a significant role in their health behaviors. The central research question concerned how mental health education …


Exploring Kindergarten Teachers' Perspectives On The Interpretation Of Standards In A Developmentally Appropriate Way In Kindergarten Classrooms, Shawanza Demetrist Lockett Dec 2024

Exploring Kindergarten Teachers' Perspectives On The Interpretation Of Standards In A Developmentally Appropriate Way In Kindergarten Classrooms, Shawanza Demetrist Lockett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many kindergarten teachers are feeling the effects of standard-based education. The problem is that it is unknown whether teachers implement mandated state standards in a developmentally appropriate way. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to investigate kindergarten teachers’ perspectives on implementing standards in a developmentally appropriate manner. Shulman’s theory of teacher knowledge was the conceptual framework for the study. The research question focused on kindergarten teachers’ perspectives of implementing standards in a developmentally appropriate way. Twelve kindergarten teachers were recruited from three Title 1 elementary schools in a rural southeastern state in the United States. Thematic data analysis …


Exploring Kindergarten Teachers' Perspectives On The Interpretation Of Standards In A Developmentally Appropriate Way In Kindergarten Classrooms, Shawanza Demetrist Lockett Dec 2024

Exploring Kindergarten Teachers' Perspectives On The Interpretation Of Standards In A Developmentally Appropriate Way In Kindergarten Classrooms, Shawanza Demetrist Lockett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many kindergarten teachers are feeling the effects of standard-based education. The problem is that it is unknown whether teachers implement mandated state standards in a developmentally appropriate way. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to investigate kindergarten teachers’ perspectives on implementing standards in a developmentally appropriate manner. Shulman’s theory of teacher knowledge was the conceptual framework for the study. The research question focused on kindergarten teachers’ perspectives of implementing standards in a developmentally appropriate way. Twelve kindergarten teachers were recruited from three Title 1 elementary schools in a rural southeastern state in the United States. Thematic data analysis …


Integrating Corpus Linguistics In Vietnamese English Education: A Qualitative Inquiry Into Scholarly Perspectives And Practices, Thi Thuy Tran, Trut Thuy Pham, Thanh Thao Le Dec 2024

Integrating Corpus Linguistics In Vietnamese English Education: A Qualitative Inquiry Into Scholarly Perspectives And Practices, Thi Thuy Tran, Trut Thuy Pham, Thanh Thao Le

Higher Learning Research Communications

Objective: Our qualitative study investigated the integration of corpus linguistics in English education research among Vietnamese scholars, focusing on the experiences and perceptions across different career stages.

Methods: Employing semi-structured interviews, we engaged nine linguistics scholars, including novices as well as those at mid-career and near-end career stages, from two prominent Vietnamese institutions.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: (1) challenges in incorporating corpus linguistics into teaching practices, (2) perceived benefits in enhancing language proficiency, and (3) the importance of institutional support for corpus linguistics research. The findings indicated that despite recognizing the pedagogical benefits of corpus linguistics, scholars …


Perceptions Of False Acceptance Of Guilt Or Punishment Within Military Non-Judicial System, Jennifer Rockwell Dec 2024

Perceptions Of False Acceptance Of Guilt Or Punishment Within Military Non-Judicial System, Jennifer Rockwell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An innocent individual falsely accepting guilt and punishment for something they did not do confounds society at large. This research expands upon the literature studying false confessions and false guilty pleas within the civilian courts to the particulars of the military judicial system and specifically that of the non-judicial system. Understanding the possibility for false acceptance of guilt and punishment within this system can lead to process or program changes that would benefit both the military in general and the individual members of the military. Social influence theory along with social role theory and social norms theory forms the foundation …


Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was the decline in home-to-school partnerships within a local, public, and ethnically diverse middle school (DMS) in the Southeastern United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore parents’ perspectives on the decline in home-to-school partnerships at a DMS. Using Epstein’s six types of family involvement as a guide, a qualitative, exploratory design was used, with data collected through semi structured interviews with 12 Black mothers of eighth-grade students from DMS in the 2022–2023 school year. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis revealed the following four themes: communication satisfaction, parent-school engagement, …


Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was the decline in home-to-school partnerships within a local, public, and ethnically diverse middle school (DMS) in the Southeastern United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore parents’ perspectives on the decline in home-to-school partnerships at a DMS. Using Epstein’s six types of family involvement as a guide, a qualitative, exploratory design was used, with data collected through semi structured interviews with 12 Black mothers of eighth-grade students from DMS in the 2022–2023 school year. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis revealed the following four themes: communication satisfaction, parent-school engagement, …


Perceptions Of Teachers Regarding The Low Biliteracy Scores Of Fifth Grade Emergent Bilinguals In A Dual Language Program, Maria Ines Trevino Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Teachers Regarding The Low Biliteracy Scores Of Fifth Grade Emergent Bilinguals In A Dual Language Program, Maria Ines Trevino

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed in this study was that at Nepantla Independent School District (pseudonym) bilingual fifth grade students have not attained biliteracy goals in their dual language program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the dual language teachers’ perceptions regarding fifth grade emergent bilingual students’ low levels of biliteracy proficiency and the challenges seen as hindering students’ opportunities to master the dual language program's biliteracy goals. The framework encompassed Krashen, Cummins, Thomas and Collier’s theories which explore language acquisition, learning and bilingual education. The research questions explored the extent to which dual language instructors perceived the inadequate …


Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt Dec 2024

Perceptions Of Parents And Guardians Regarding Home-To-School Involvement, Brie Merritt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was the decline in home-to-school partnerships within a local, public, and ethnically diverse middle school (DMS) in the Southeastern United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore parents’ perspectives on the decline in home-to-school partnerships at a DMS. Using Epstein’s six types of family involvement as a guide, a qualitative, exploratory design was used, with data collected through semi structured interviews with 12 Black mothers of eighth-grade students from DMS in the 2022–2023 school year. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis revealed the following four themes: communication satisfaction, parent-school engagement, …


Staff Education: Improving Nursing Knowledge On Patient Medication Adherence Strategies Using Teach-Back, Janie Fleming Nov 2024

Staff Education: Improving Nursing Knowledge On Patient Medication Adherence Strategies Using Teach-Back, Janie Fleming

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A staff education program was implemented for this Doctor of Nursing Practice project to improve nursing knowledge of the teach-back method. The identified practice problem was inadequate nurse-patient communication, which contributes to low patient comprehension, poor adherence to medication regimens, and suboptimal health outcomes. The practice-focused question guiding the project was, “Does an educational program on the teach-back method for patient medication adherence improve nursing knowledge as compared pre to post education?” The purpose of the project was to enhance nurses’ knowledge and skills regarding the teach-back method to improve patient communication, ultimately leading to better patient adherence and outcomes. …


Clinical Practice Guideline End Of Shift Handover Toolkit, Sasha Samaroo-Burgos Nov 2024

Clinical Practice Guideline End Of Shift Handover Toolkit, Sasha Samaroo-Burgos

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The DNP project is a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to guide nurses in performing end-of-shift reports at a Medical Center in the West Indies. The gap in practice identified is that nurses perform end-of-shift reporting without using a standardized document. This affects patient safety because the absence of a structured handover process disrupts the continuity of patient care and the transmission of vital patient data. The nurse administrator and general manager reported that many adverse events at the facility were related to miscommunication of information among nurses. The purpose of the project was to develop a CPG that nurses will …


Successful Asian Immigrant Businesses’ Strategies, Claretta Taylor Stokes Nov 2024

Successful Asian Immigrant Businesses’ Strategies, Claretta Taylor Stokes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Asian immigrant entrepreneurs face significant challenges, including difficulties accessing capital and overcoming language barriers, which can lead to higher failure rates in some cases. To succeed, they must develop effective strategies and identify key resources to grow their businesses and mitigate the risk of failure. Grounded in stakeholder theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to identify and explore the strategies used by Asian immigrant entrepreneurs in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to expand and sustain their businesses beyond the five-year mark. The participants were nine immigrant entrepreneurs from the Commonwealth who successfully applied strategies that enabled their …


American Sign Language Educators’ Perceptions Of Incorporating Multicultural Content In U.S. Higher Education Classrooms, Noe Alexander Turcios Nov 2024

American Sign Language Educators’ Perceptions Of Incorporating Multicultural Content In U.S. Higher Education Classrooms, Noe Alexander Turcios

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

American Sign Language (ASL) courses in U.S. higher education often inadequately incorporate multicultural content, with many educators lacking knowledge of multiculturalism and relevant cultural resources. The purpose of this study was the exploration of ASL educators' perspectives on the incorporation of multicultural content in ASL classrooms and the identified barriers to doing so. The multilevel inclusion framework and the integrated framework for a culture of diversity offered a conceptual lens for the study. For this basic qualitative design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 ASL educators with at least 3 years of experience. In the reflexive thematic analysis of the …


Childless Mothers: Lived Experiences Of Black Mothers Who Lost An Only Child, Arielle Jordan Nov 2024

Childless Mothers: Lived Experiences Of Black Mothers Who Lost An Only Child, Arielle Jordan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study, grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology, explores the experiences of Black mothers who have lost their only child, addressing a topic often overlooked in counseling training programs. Many counselor educators and supervisors are unprepared to train counselors on how best to support these mothers through their unique grief journeys. This study outcomes fill that gap by providing a deeper understanding of their experiences, intending to shape better counseling practices. The central question guiding this research is: What are the lived experiences of Black mothers who have survived the loss of their only child? To answer this, in-depth interviews were …


Intrinsic Motivation And Career Satisfaction Among Immigrant Health Care Workers, Michelle Marie Henderson-Darling Nov 2024

Intrinsic Motivation And Career Satisfaction Among Immigrant Health Care Workers, Michelle Marie Henderson-Darling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Caribbean immigrants are vital to the U.S. health care workforce, yet they face barriers that often hinder their career satisfaction and well-being. This qualitative study aimed to explore how intrinsic motivations, specifically competence, autonomy, and relatedness, shape the career experiences of Caribbean immigrants in health care. Using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework, this study addressed the research question of how these intrinsic motivations shape immigrant experiences in the U.S. health care sector. Data were collected from 10 Caribbean immigrants who were naturalized U.S. citizens using semistructured, audio-recorded interviews. The data were thematically analyzed to detect patterns and themes. The …


Transformative Interactions: Chatgpt’S Role In Facilitating Professional Development Among Vietnamese English As A Foreign Language Teachers, Thi Thuy Tran, Trut Thuy Pham, Thanh Thao Le Nov 2024

Transformative Interactions: Chatgpt’S Role In Facilitating Professional Development Among Vietnamese English As A Foreign Language Teachers, Thi Thuy Tran, Trut Thuy Pham, Thanh Thao Le

Higher Learning Research Communications

Objective: This study delved into the integration of ChatGPT as a medium for English teacher professional development among Vietnamese English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers.

Methods: Rooted in the Constructivist Learning Theory and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, the qualitative exploration employed semi-structured interviews with nine teachers categorized into novice, mid-career, and near-end career stages. The objective was to understand teacher experiences, perceptions, and insights regarding the role of ChatGPT in their professional journey.

Results: Key findings illuminated that ChatGPT facilitated enhanced personalized learning, bridged the gap between theoretical knowledge and its practical application, and even indirectly spurred …


Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis Nov 2024

Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In a district where only 5% of ELLs were deemed language proficient, the problem was the need to understand teacher perceptions of best practices to increase English language learner (ELL) achievement in reading and writing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teacher perceptions of best practices to support ELLs in improving their reading and writing in a heterogeneous high school classroom in a Mid-Atlantic school district. The framework that supported this study was the Cummins model on learners’ language use because it guides teaching and assessing students’ vocabulary acquisition in various contexts. The two research questions probed …


Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis Nov 2024

Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In a district where only 5% of ELLs were deemed language proficient, the problem was the need to understand teacher perceptions of best practices to increase English language learner (ELL) achievement in reading and writing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teacher perceptions of best practices to support ELLs in improving their reading and writing in a heterogeneous high school classroom in a Mid-Atlantic school district. The framework that supported this study was the Cummins model on learners’ language use because it guides teaching and assessing students’ vocabulary acquisition in various contexts. The two research questions probed …


Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis Nov 2024

Understanding Teachers’ Perceptions Of Best Practices For English Language Learners, Joshua Daniel Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In a district where only 5% of ELLs were deemed language proficient, the problem was the need to understand teacher perceptions of best practices to increase English language learner (ELL) achievement in reading and writing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teacher perceptions of best practices to support ELLs in improving their reading and writing in a heterogeneous high school classroom in a Mid-Atlantic school district. The framework that supported this study was the Cummins model on learners’ language use because it guides teaching and assessing students’ vocabulary acquisition in various contexts. The two research questions probed …


How Secondary Disciplinary Teachers Integrate Literacy Strategies To Improve Outcomes On State Assessments, Miracle T. Brewington Nov 2024

How Secondary Disciplinary Teachers Integrate Literacy Strategies To Improve Outcomes On State Assessments, Miracle T. Brewington

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to recent research, secondary disciplinary teachers’(DTs) role in increasing disciplinary literacy skills is vital. The problem in this urban school district in the Southern United States was that middle school DTs acknowledge they struggle to integrate literacy strategies in their specific disciplines to improve reading outcomes on state assessments. Guided by Shanahan and Shanahan’s disciplinary framework and Knowles’s theory of andragogy, the purpose of this study was to investigate DTs’ perceptions on integrating literacy strategies to improve reading outcomes on state assessments. A basic qualitative design was used with 10 purposefully selected secondary DTs using one-to-one, semistructured interviews. Data …


Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran Nov 2024

Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

COVID-19 was an unprecedented time in the global economy, causing a massive shift for many organizations conducting business. The speed at which organizations needed to implement World Health Organization’s restrictions and transition their teams from face-to-face to virtual environments was unpredictable. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore what leaders prepared for an organization to cope with situations like COVID-19 when abruptly moving employees from face-to-face to virtual environments. A conceptual framework based on the organizational change theory and the team adaptation theory was used to direct this study. The research question address what strategies leaders …


Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran Nov 2024

Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

COVID-19 was an unprecedented time in the global economy, causing a massive shift for many organizations conducting business. The speed at which organizations needed to implement World Health Organization’s restrictions and transition their teams from face-to-face to virtual environments was unpredictable. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore what leaders prepared for an organization to cope with situations like COVID-19 when abruptly moving employees from face-to-face to virtual environments. A conceptual framework based on the organizational change theory and the team adaptation theory was used to direct this study. The research question address what strategies leaders …


Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor Nov 2024

Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study uniquely explores the perceptions of individuals with concealable cognitive disabilities (CCDs) regarding Titles I–III of the Americans with Disabilities Act and its amendments (ADAAA). The research addresses a significant gap in understanding this population’s views on workplace experiences, particularly in the context of harassment, privacy, self-identification, and labeling. Using Schneider and Ingram’s social construction framework to examine societal power dynamics, the study analyzed interviews with eight participants, employing rigorous thematic coding. The analysis revealed four key themes: social construction (perception in the workplace and the power of employment protections), disability (cognitive disabilities and the challenges of disclosure …


Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor Nov 2024

Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study uniquely explores the perceptions of individuals with concealable cognitive disabilities (CCDs) regarding Titles I–III of the Americans with Disabilities Act and its amendments (ADAAA). The research addresses a significant gap in understanding this population’s views on workplace experiences, particularly in the context of harassment, privacy, self-identification, and labeling. Using Schneider and Ingram’s social construction framework to examine societal power dynamics, the study analyzed interviews with eight participants, employing rigorous thematic coding. The analysis revealed four key themes: social construction (perception in the workplace and the power of employment protections), disability (cognitive disabilities and the challenges of disclosure …


Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran Nov 2024

Discovering Strategies To Lead Teams Abruptly Forced Into Virtual Environments Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shonelle Maria Ramserran

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

COVID-19 was an unprecedented time in the global economy, causing a massive shift for many organizations conducting business. The speed at which organizations needed to implement World Health Organization’s restrictions and transition their teams from face-to-face to virtual environments was unpredictable. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore what leaders prepared for an organization to cope with situations like COVID-19 when abruptly moving employees from face-to-face to virtual environments. A conceptual framework based on the organizational change theory and the team adaptation theory was used to direct this study. The research question address what strategies leaders …


Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor Nov 2024

Concealed Cognitive Disabilities, Bullying In The Workplace, And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Craig Darrell Taylor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This qualitative study uniquely explores the perceptions of individuals with concealable cognitive disabilities (CCDs) regarding Titles I–III of the Americans with Disabilities Act and its amendments (ADAAA). The research addresses a significant gap in understanding this population’s views on workplace experiences, particularly in the context of harassment, privacy, self-identification, and labeling. Using Schneider and Ingram’s social construction framework to examine societal power dynamics, the study analyzed interviews with eight participants, employing rigorous thematic coding. The analysis revealed four key themes: social construction (perception in the workplace and the power of employment protections), disability (cognitive disabilities and the challenges of disclosure …


Spanish-Speaking Students’ Perceptions Of Presences In Digital Technology-Enabled High Schools, Deb Ogburn Nov 2024

Spanish-Speaking Students’ Perceptions Of Presences In Digital Technology-Enabled High Schools, Deb Ogburn

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Spanish-speaking students, also identified as Hispanic or Latino/a/x, have been reported to have lower high school graduation rates, and lower enrollment and retention rates in higher education than their peers. Research exists describing technology and emergency remote teaching (ERT) as widening the achievement gap, however Spanish-speaking students’ perspectives of their high school experiences in digital technology-enabled learning environments (DTELEs) are missing in the literature. To fill this gap this qualitative study explored six Spanish-speaking students’ perceptions of Garrison’s social, teaching, and cognitive presences with the addition of Cleveland-Innes and Campbell’s emotional presence in public high schools in the northwestern United …


Policy Outcomes Of Culturally Integrated Health Care For African Americans, Victoria Aderin Nov 2024

Policy Outcomes Of Culturally Integrated Health Care For African Americans, Victoria Aderin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite advancements in integrated care, persistent health care disparities and systemic barriers continue to contribute to poor health outcomes among African Americans. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the implementation of culturally integrated behavioral health care within the context of African American experiences, focusing on health care access and quality through a public policy lens. The study was informed by Ostrom's institutional analysis and development framework, health equity framework developed by the nonprofit organization Education Training & Research, and Hankivisky's intersectionality-based policy analysis. To gather data, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 African American adults who receive …


Seventh-Day Adventist Clergy’S Perceptions Of Dealing With Parishioners’ Mental And Emotional Health Challenges, Allens Gilles Nov 2024

Seventh-Day Adventist Clergy’S Perceptions Of Dealing With Parishioners’ Mental And Emotional Health Challenges, Allens Gilles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The issue of how Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) clergy perceive and address parishioners’ mental health challenges is critical. Clergy perceptions are significant because they can greatly influence parishioners’ quality of life and choices regarding mental health care. However, there is limited literature on SDA clergy’s perspectives on these matters. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of SDA clergy regarding how to assist parishioners with emotional and mental health challenges. The theoretical framework was the mental health literacy theory, developed in the mid-1990s. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 10 clergy of African American …