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Understanding Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitance Among Registered Nurses, Lucille Fenelon
Understanding Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitance Among Registered Nurses, Lucille Fenelon
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The development of the COVID-19 vaccine, while hailed as a groundbreaking scientific achievement, also brought to light a discernible hesitance from registered nurses (RNs) regarding the vaccination. While extensive research has delved into the broader phenomenon of vaccination hesitancy, there remains a notable gap in comprehensively examining the specific lived experiences of RNs in relation to this hesitancy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of RNs contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitance within the context of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and Roy’s adaptation model. TRA helped to guide this study in identifying the …
Understanding Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitance Among Registered Nurses, Lucille Fenelon
Understanding Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitance Among Registered Nurses, Lucille Fenelon
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The development of the COVID-19 vaccine, while hailed as a groundbreaking scientific achievement, also brought to light a discernible hesitance from registered nurses (RNs) regarding the vaccination. While extensive research has delved into the broader phenomenon of vaccination hesitancy, there remains a notable gap in comprehensively examining the specific lived experiences of RNs in relation to this hesitancy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of RNs contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitance within the context of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and Roy’s adaptation model. TRA helped to guide this study in identifying the …
First-Generation African American College Graduates’ Interpretations Of Poverty And Well-Being, Shermanda Bellsora Whitfield
First-Generation African American College Graduates’ Interpretations Of Poverty And Well-Being, Shermanda Bellsora Whitfield
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The number of first-generation African American graduates of postsecondary institutions has grown, as many individuals perceive degree completion as a way to overcome socioeconomic barriers. The problem was that some first-generation African American college graduates face economic challenges postgraduation, living at or below the poverty level. It was unclear how this condition affected their quality of life. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to understand how African American first-generation college graduates interpreted and made meaning of their experiences related to their financial status and personal well-being. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems was the theoretical framework. Data were collected through semi-structured …
First-Generation African American College Graduates’ Interpretations Of Poverty And Well-Being, Shermanda Bellsora Whitfield
First-Generation African American College Graduates’ Interpretations Of Poverty And Well-Being, Shermanda Bellsora Whitfield
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The number of first-generation African American graduates of postsecondary institutions has grown, as many individuals perceive degree completion as a way to overcome socioeconomic barriers. The problem was that some first-generation African American college graduates face economic challenges postgraduation, living at or below the poverty level. It was unclear how this condition affected their quality of life. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to understand how African American first-generation college graduates interpreted and made meaning of their experiences related to their financial status and personal well-being. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems was the theoretical framework. Data were collected through semi-structured …
Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat
Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The suffering of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is well documented and includes diminished quality of life (QoL), emotional/behavioral problems, fatigue, food avoidance and school absenteeism. As an example of childhood adversity, and because the model of pediatric medical traumatic stress demonstrates traumatic responses do not always subside over time, this study examined the psychosocial health of PFAPA survivors post resolution. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, the psychosocial well-being of PFAPA survivors was compared to children with persistent asthma and children without chronic illness or a history of medical trauma. Two validated parent-completed …
Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat
Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The suffering of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is well documented and includes diminished quality of life (QoL), emotional/behavioral problems, fatigue, food avoidance and school absenteeism. As an example of childhood adversity, and because the model of pediatric medical traumatic stress demonstrates traumatic responses do not always subside over time, this study examined the psychosocial health of PFAPA survivors post resolution. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, the psychosocial well-being of PFAPA survivors was compared to children with persistent asthma and children without chronic illness or a history of medical trauma. Two validated parent-completed …
Family Care And Health Behavior: A Sociocultural Perspective On Ebola Virus Disease Transmission In Sierra Leone, Abubakarr Jalloh
Family Care And Health Behavior: A Sociocultural Perspective On Ebola Virus Disease Transmission In Sierra Leone, Abubakarr Jalloh
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa was the largest and deadliest in the four-decade history of the disease. This study examined the sociocultural context of EVD transmission during the outbreak, with a particular focus on a high-risk behavior—caring for sick relatives. Guided by a sociocultural perspective on health, it specifically explored the role of family-based caregiving practices in the transmission of EVD during an outbreak. Utilizing a qualitative collective case study, I interviewed three Ebola survivors in Makeni, Sierra Leone. Content analysis resulted in two themes: (1) family care and perceived EVD transmission and (2) how …
Teacher’S Perspectives Regarding Kindergarten Students’ Behaviors And Social Skills Post-Pandemic, Latalia Middlebrook Robbins
Teacher’S Perspectives Regarding Kindergarten Students’ Behaviors And Social Skills Post-Pandemic, Latalia Middlebrook Robbins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Kindergarten teachers and support professionals in the social-emotional community within a local school district experienced changes in student behaviors and social skills since returning to in-person schooling following the pandemic. After COVID-19, teachers found themselves engaging students who presented a lack of social skill development, contributing to the behaviors within the classroom microsystem. This study used Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to support research efforts to examine how learning environments and interactions contributed to students’ preparation for Kindergarten. The research explored 12 Kindergarten teachers' and support professionals' perspectives concerning Kindergarten student behaviors and social skills. The research design was an …
Teacher’S Perspectives Regarding Kindergarten Students’ Behaviors And Social Skills Post-Pandemic, Latalia Middlebrook Robbins
Teacher’S Perspectives Regarding Kindergarten Students’ Behaviors And Social Skills Post-Pandemic, Latalia Middlebrook Robbins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Kindergarten teachers and support professionals in the social-emotional community within a local school district experienced changes in student behaviors and social skills since returning to in-person schooling following the pandemic. After COVID-19, teachers found themselves engaging students who presented a lack of social skill development, contributing to the behaviors within the classroom microsystem. This study used Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to support research efforts to examine how learning environments and interactions contributed to students’ preparation for Kindergarten. The research explored 12 Kindergarten teachers' and support professionals' perspectives concerning Kindergarten student behaviors and social skills. The research design was an …
Staff Education On Multidrug-Resistant Organisms And Infection Control And Prevention Practices In Long-Term Care Settings, Tanza Hester-Pugh
Staff Education On Multidrug-Resistant Organisms And Infection Control And Prevention Practices In Long-Term Care Settings, Tanza Hester-Pugh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In long-term care (LTC) settings, common causes of morbidity among residents are caused primarily by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It is essential to address the practice problem of knowledge deficits of the appropriate infection control and prevention practices for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in LTC settings to mitigate this risk and provide safe and quality care to provide optimal patient outcomes. Hence, this doctoral project’s purpose was to develop and implement a staff education project to increase nursing staff knowledge of the appropriate infection control and prevention practices for LTC settings to achieve safe and optimal patient outcomes. The project addressed the …
Staff Education On Multidrug-Resistant Organisms And Infection Control And Prevention Practices In Long-Term Care Settings, Tanza Hester-Pugh
Staff Education On Multidrug-Resistant Organisms And Infection Control And Prevention Practices In Long-Term Care Settings, Tanza Hester-Pugh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In long-term care (LTC) settings, common causes of morbidity among residents are caused primarily by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It is essential to address the practice problem of knowledge deficits of the appropriate infection control and prevention practices for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in LTC settings to mitigate this risk and provide safe and quality care to provide optimal patient outcomes. Hence, this doctoral project’s purpose was to develop and implement a staff education project to increase nursing staff knowledge of the appropriate infection control and prevention practices for LTC settings to achieve safe and optimal patient outcomes. The project addressed the …
Food Insecurity, Psychological Distress, And Discrimination Of Older Black Women In Central Texas, Revonder Ellis-Vanarsdale
Food Insecurity, Psychological Distress, And Discrimination Of Older Black Women In Central Texas, Revonder Ellis-Vanarsdale
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Food insecurity is an ongoing public health concern in the United States. There is limited knowledge within social work practice about the experiences of food insecurity specifically among older Black women. Historically, older Black women have faced discrimination which can also negatively impact their psychological well-being and ability to obtain an adequate food supply. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore perceptions of how psychological distress and discrimination affect Black women ages 60 and older who are food insecure in Central Texas. This study used social ecological model and intersectionality theory to identify perceived factors that affect …
Predictors Of Mortality In African Americans With Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Dementias, Latrice Camille Noonan
Predictors Of Mortality In African Americans With Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Dementias, Latrice Camille Noonan
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia (ADRD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. There is a need to identify the link between modifiable risk factors and the association with ADRD mortality. This study addresses the disproportionately high burden of ADRD among African Americans, aiming to inform targeted prevention strategies and promote health equity. In this study, the longitudinal relationship between ADRD mortality and the presences of diabetes, smoking, and obesity among older African Americans residing in the United States was examined, while controlling for age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. The biopsychosocial model served as the theoretical framework for this study. The …
Substance Use Disorder Civil Commitment And Association With Post-Commitment Treatment Retention Among Adult Women, Lydie Ultimo
Substance Use Disorder Civil Commitment And Association With Post-Commitment Treatment Retention Among Adult Women, Lydie Ultimo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The effects of substance abuse are a public health challenge, as evidenced by the prevalence of drug-related overdoses since the year 2000. Involuntary civil commitment (ICC) denotes a legal basis to mandate treatment for people at imminent risk of harm due to substance use disorders (SUD). Grounded on the transtheoretical model stages of change, this quantitative retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between mental disorder history, medication for addiction treatment (MAT), and voluntary retention in SUD treatment post-ICC, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, drugs used, housing status, and Department of Children and Families services. Secondary data from the Massachusetts Department of …
Staff Education To Increase Knowledge And Awareness Of Hand Hygiene, Karamjeet Kaur
Staff Education To Increase Knowledge And Awareness Of Hand Hygiene, Karamjeet Kaur
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant concern in healthcare, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite the effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing HAIs, compliance among healthcare providers remains suboptimal. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to evaluate whether an educational intervention could improve healthcare professionals’ knowledge and awareness of hand hygiene practices in a clinical setting. A convenience sample of 11 participants attended a 10-day educational intervention. Participants completed pretests and posttests to measure knowledge and awareness. The mean pretest score for knowledge was 8.73 (SD = 1.19), while the mean posttest score was 10.00 …
Clinical Practice Guideline End Of Shift Handover Toolkit, Sasha Samaroo-Burgos
Clinical Practice Guideline End Of Shift Handover Toolkit, Sasha Samaroo-Burgos
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The DNP project is a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to guide nurses in performing end-of-shift reports at a Medical Center in the West Indies. The gap in practice identified is that nurses perform end-of-shift reporting without using a standardized document. This affects patient safety because the absence of a structured handover process disrupts the continuity of patient care and the transmission of vital patient data. The nurse administrator and general manager reported that many adverse events at the facility were related to miscommunication of information among nurses. The purpose of the project was to develop a CPG that nurses will …
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore law enforcement officers’ perceptions in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic in the southeast region of Louisiana. The framework selected to guide the study was the crime pattern theory by Brangtingham and Brangtinham. Using the purposive sampling method and snowballing sampling method, 10 active law enforcement officers were recruited from agencies across the Southeast region of Louisiana until data saturation occurred. The research questions focused on perceptions of law enforcement officers in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies used and preparedness to combat carjacking …
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore law enforcement officers’ perceptions in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic in the southeast region of Louisiana. The framework selected to guide the study was the crime pattern theory by Brangtingham and Brangtinham. Using the purposive sampling method and snowballing sampling method, 10 active law enforcement officers were recruited from agencies across the Southeast region of Louisiana until data saturation occurred. The research questions focused on perceptions of law enforcement officers in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies used and preparedness to combat carjacking …
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement Officers In Combating Carjacking And Auto Theft During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel L. Gray
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore law enforcement officers’ perceptions in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic in the southeast region of Louisiana. The framework selected to guide the study was the crime pattern theory by Brangtingham and Brangtinham. Using the purposive sampling method and snowballing sampling method, 10 active law enforcement officers were recruited from agencies across the Southeast region of Louisiana until data saturation occurred. The research questions focused on perceptions of law enforcement officers in combating carjacking and auto theft during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies used and preparedness to combat carjacking …
Closing The Gaps: Optimizing Emergency Department Protocols For Vaping-Related Respiratory Illnesses, Dominique Roy
Closing The Gaps: Optimizing Emergency Department Protocols For Vaping-Related Respiratory Illnesses, Dominique Roy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The rising prevalence of vaping-related illnesses poses significant challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitals increasingly encounter patients with symptoms related to vaping, such as respiratory issues and lung injuries, which strain emergency departments (EDs). Addressing these challenges requires the development and implementation of effective standard operating procedures (SOPs) to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of vaping-related illnesses. This integrative review examined how SOPs can enhance clinical practices within hospitals by identifying gaps in current approaches and providing recommendations to improve patient care. The review, analyzing literature from 2016 to 2023, highlighted several important themes, including the necessity of standardized protocols …
Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Education Leaders’ With Digital Transformation Strategies During And Post Covid-19, Vilma Tannisha Ramirez
Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Education Leaders’ With Digital Transformation Strategies During And Post Covid-19, Vilma Tannisha Ramirez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The rapid spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020 had a profound impact on global kindergarten through Grade 12 (K–12) education, causing significant disruption to the learning environment and compelling many education leaders to immediately embrace emergency remote learning measures. There was a gap in knowledge of education leaders’ lived experiences of this transformation. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of U.S. K–12 education leaders in creating digital transformation strategies during the wake and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The conceptual framework consisted of Trist and Bamforth’s sociotechnical subsystem theory and Wade’s …
Staff Education To Nurses Of Five Departments Performing Point-Of-Use Treatment, Natalia G. Nunez
Staff Education To Nurses Of Five Departments Performing Point-Of-Use Treatment, Natalia G. Nunez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Staff Education to Nurses of Five Departments Performing Point-of-Use Treatment by Natalia G. Nunez MPH, Walden University, 2019 BS, Florida International University, 2011 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University November 2024 Point-of-use treatment (POU) treatment is the first step of sterilization, and it is critical for staff performing this process to undergo proper education and training as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Performing proper POU treatment reduces the risk of infections in patients and extends the life of the instruments and devices. A …
The Lived Experience Of Psychological Suffering In Animal/Environmental Activists, Pamela Jimenez
The Lived Experience Of Psychological Suffering In Animal/Environmental Activists, Pamela Jimenez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Animal agriculture, the second-largest contributor to climate change, poses serious risks to human and global health. Animal/environmental activists work to reduce these risks but often face verbal ridicule and physical violence; however, little is known about the psychological suffering experienced by this group. This interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) aimed to explore the experience of psychological suffering in animal/environmental activists committed to ending exploitative animal agriculture and environmental activities. Ecopsychological theory and psychological constructs, such as eco-anxiety, eco-grief, and vicarious trauma, comprised the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 18 animal/environmental activists, incorporating participant-selected photographs …
Relationship Between Depression And Stress On Accessing Recovery Capital Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder, Deana Luciano
Relationship Between Depression And Stress On Accessing Recovery Capital Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder, Deana Luciano
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study addresses the critical need to understand how mental health challenges and external stressors affect long-term recovery from an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Grounded in the Recovery Capital Framework, this study analyzed the relationship between depression, stressful life events, and recovery capital (RC) among individuals in recovery from severe OUD. Utilizing a quantitative nonexperimental survey design, data were collected from a purposive sample of 107 adults aged 18 and older who had been in recovery for at least 2 years. Participants completed surveys assessing depression, life stressors, and their RC through established instruments including the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, …
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be detrimental to patient outcomes. One major challenge affecting care for CAP is hospital length of stay (HLOS), which is associated with multiple factors, mainly comorbid conditions. One way to improve the efficiency of CAP hospital care is the implementation of pneumonia clinical pathways to ensure effectiveness in application of pneumonia treatment and care. This project evaluated the effectiveness of using pneumonia pathways by evaluating HLOS before and after the health care staff in the project site implemented pneumonia pathways. Use of the pneumonia pathways in the project site started in 2021, but there had not …
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be detrimental to patient outcomes. One major challenge affecting care for CAP is hospital length of stay (HLOS), which is associated with multiple factors, mainly comorbid conditions. One way to improve the efficiency of CAP hospital care is the implementation of pneumonia clinical pathways to ensure effectiveness in application of pneumonia treatment and care. This project evaluated the effectiveness of using pneumonia pathways by evaluating HLOS before and after the health care staff in the project site implemented pneumonia pathways. Use of the pneumonia pathways in the project site started in 2021, but there had not …
Impact Of Drinking Water And Sanitation Facilities On Child Mortality In Sierra Leone, Christie Ben-Carew
Impact Of Drinking Water And Sanitation Facilities On Child Mortality In Sierra Leone, Christie Ben-Carew
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are viewed as key contributors to the high rates of under-5 child deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. In one of the countries in the region, Sierra Leone, there was an absence of studies on the potential impacts of WASH on child mortality. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how variables related to access to toilet facilities and safe drinking water in rural and urban areas of Sierra Leone impact child mortality. Secondary data from the United Nations Children's Fund 2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (N = 18,006) were analyzed as part of this …
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Pneumonia Pathway’S Effectiveness In Decreasing Length Of Stay In An Acute Care, Marie Carline Hollant
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be detrimental to patient outcomes. One major challenge affecting care for CAP is hospital length of stay (HLOS), which is associated with multiple factors, mainly comorbid conditions. One way to improve the efficiency of CAP hospital care is the implementation of pneumonia clinical pathways to ensure effectiveness in application of pneumonia treatment and care. This project evaluated the effectiveness of using pneumonia pathways by evaluating HLOS before and after the health care staff in the project site implemented pneumonia pathways. Use of the pneumonia pathways in the project site started in 2021, but there had not …
Marijuana Legalization And Opioid Use Disorder In Ontario, Canada, From 2015 To 2021, Luke Ome Agada
Marijuana Legalization And Opioid Use Disorder In Ontario, Canada, From 2015 To 2021, Luke Ome Agada
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study examined the trends in opioid-related hospitalizations and deaths in Ontario, Canada, from 2015, to 2021, with a particular focus on the periods before and after cannabis legalization. The social problem addressed was the ongoing opioid crisis, exacerbated by rising opioid-related health issues. Grounded in the harm reduction theory, this research explored whether cannabis legalization could serve as a substitute to mitigate opioid use disorder. Data were extracted from the Discharge Database, Emergency Department Database, National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, and Hospital Morbidity Database. Analysis using the generalized estimation equation (GEE) method revealed a significant increase in opioid-related hospitalizations, …
Improving Volunteers' Safety During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Dr. Laquetta Postell
Improving Volunteers' Safety During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Dr. Laquetta Postell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The onset of COVID-19 presented multiple challenges to both governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The selected study site is a nonprofit organization located in a major Southern US City. This organization shelters homeless men. The organization depended on volunteers' assistance in offering short-term and long-term solutions to provide clothing, cleaning, and shelter for homeless men. The organization was facing new challenges due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the complexities of the social, political, and economic challenges for volunteers during the pandemic were well explored. The nonprofit organization’s challenges were examined and recommendations to help the organization …