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Articles 4621 - 4650 of 7363
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Ceramide Kinase And Ceramide-1-Phosphate, Dayanjan Wijesinghe
Ceramide Kinase And Ceramide-1-Phosphate, Dayanjan Wijesinghe
Theses and Dissertations
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a bioactive lipid that has been implicated in many biological processes. Our laboratory has conclusively demonstrated its role in inflammation via activation of cPLA2α. The only known enzyme to date responsible for direct synthesis of C1P is ceramide kinase. Very little was known about this enzyme in terms of its enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity. As CERK is an enzyme that acts on membrane lipids, its kinetics cannot be studied using standard bulk dilutions methods. Thus we developed a surface dilution approach using Triton X 100 mixed micelles for studying the kinetics of CERK. We discovered that …
Corrosion Damage Studies Through Microscopy And Stress Analysis, Ronak Patel
Corrosion Damage Studies Through Microscopy And Stress Analysis, Ronak Patel
Theses and Dissertations
Corrosion is the destructive result of chemical reaction between a metal or metal alloy and its environment. Airplanes, power generating plants, chemical process and manufacturing plants, concrete structure, and many others which widely uses aluminum alloy and stainless steel alloys are subjected to corrosion. The estimated cost of corrosion damage is in order of 3 to 5 percent of gross national product (GNP). Out of all forms of corrosion, pitting corrosion is most commonly observed in aluminum alloy 2024 and stainless steel type 316. There is a need to study the stress environment around the pits in order to predict …
Computer-Aided Trauma Decision Making Using Machine Learning And Signal Processing, Soo-Yeon Ji
Computer-Aided Trauma Decision Making Using Machine Learning And Signal Processing, Soo-Yeon Ji
Theses and Dissertations
Over the last 20 years, much work has focused on computer-aided clinical decision support systems due to a rapid increase in the need for management and processing of medical knowledge. Among all fields of medicine, trauma care has the highest need for proper information management due to the high prevalence of complex, life-threatening injuries. In particular, hemorrhage, which is encountered in most traumatic injuries, is a dominant factor in determining survival in both civilian and military settings. This complication can be better managed using a more in-depth analysis of patient information. Trauma physicians must make precise and rapid decisions, while …
Angiogenic Potential Of Human Macrophages On Electrospun Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts, Koyal Garg
Angiogenic Potential Of Human Macrophages On Electrospun Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts, Koyal Garg
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study was to investigate macrophage interactions with electrospun scaffolds and quantify the expression of vital angiogenic growth factors in vitro. This study will further help in evaluating the potential of these electrospun constructs as vascular grafts for tissue repair and regeneration in situ. Human peripheral blood macrophages were seeded in serum free media on electrospun (10 mm) discs of polydioxanone (PDO), elastin and PDO:elastin blends (50:50, 70:30 and 90:10). The growth factor secretion was analyzed by ELISA. Macrophages produced high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Transforming growth factor …
Selective Non-Peptide Mu-Opioid Receptor Antagonist: Design, Synthesis And Biological Studies, Lindsey Aschenbach
Selective Non-Peptide Mu-Opioid Receptor Antagonist: Design, Synthesis And Biological Studies, Lindsey Aschenbach
Theses and Dissertations
There are currently many opioid agonists available for clinical use as analgesics. However, many of these opioid agonists have notorious side effects including respiratory depression and may lead to addiction and dependence. Problems associated with these opioid agonists are determined to come from their interactions with the mu-opioid receptor. Opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, have shown to aid in the treatment of opioid addiction. Although naltrexone has high affinity to the mu-opioid receptor, it lacks selectivity. Novel selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists were designed based on the identification of important pharmacophore elements in several known mu-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. These …
Avian Dispersal Of The Actinomycete Frankia Across A Barrier Island Landscape, Spencer Bissett
Avian Dispersal Of The Actinomycete Frankia Across A Barrier Island Landscape, Spencer Bissett
Theses and Dissertations
In the nutrient-poor soils characteristic of coastal environments, symbiotic association with the nitrogen-fixing root endosymbiont Frankia is essential to establishment and survival of the woody shrub Morella cerifera. Nutrient deficiency quickly becomes severe unless seedlings are infected by Frankia soon after germination. However, the means of arrival of Frankia prior to shrub establishment has not been determined. Using sterilized lab-grown M. cerifera seedlings and fecal samples collected from passerine birds on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, viability of avian dispersal of the bacteria was tested. Although passerine fecal samples did produce nodules on some sterilized M. cerifera seedlings, these experimental …
Applications Of The Bivariate Gamma Distribution In Nutritional Epidemiology And Medical Physics, Jolene Barker
Applications Of The Bivariate Gamma Distribution In Nutritional Epidemiology And Medical Physics, Jolene Barker
Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis the utility of a bivariate gamma distribution is explored. In the field of nutritional epidemiology a nutrition density transformation is used to reduce collinearity. This phenomenon will be shown to result due to the independent variables following a bivariate gamma model. In the field of radiation oncology paired comparison of variances is often performed. The bivariate gamma model is also appropriate for fitting correlated variances. A method for simulating bivariate gamma random variables is presented. This method is used to generate data from several bivariate gamma models and the asymptotic properties of a test statistic, suggested for …
Application Of Shortest-Path Network Analysis To Identify Genes That Modulate Longevity In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jr Managbanag
Application Of Shortest-Path Network Analysis To Identify Genes That Modulate Longevity In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Jr Managbanag
Theses and Dissertations
Shortest-path network analysis was employed to identify novel genes that modulate longevity in the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based upon a set of previously reported genes associated with increased life span, a shortest path network algorithm was applied to a pre-existing protein-protein interaction dataset in order to construct a shortest-path longevity network. To validate this network, the replicative aging potential of 88 single gene deletion strains corresponding to predicted components of the shortest path longevity network was determined. The 88 single-gene deletion strains identified by a network approach are significantly enriched for mutation conferring both increased and decreased replicative life …
Shafer Court Connections (2008-09)
Shafer Court Connections (2008-09)
Shafer Court Connections, 1994-2010
For alumni of the Academic Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University.
Program Approach For Childheaded Households In Zambia, Samson Chama
Program Approach For Childheaded Households In Zambia, Samson Chama
Theses and Dissertations
Using an emergent design, this study developed a program approach for young people in the child headed households of Zambia. Phase I dealt with prior ethnography, Phase II focused on independent living services, and Phase III concerned translation to Zambia. A total of 36 participants from Richmond, consisting of 20 Richmond Department of Social Services workers and youth and 16 Africans, were recruited. Three major themes emerged: feasibility, content, and quality. Lessons learned about translational research highlight the need for uniformity in a cultural screen’s composition. This might enhance the richness of perspectives on young people. Lessons for the Department …
Using Simulation Optimization To Construct Efficient Screening Strategies For Cervical Cancer, Christodoulos Foufoulides
Using Simulation Optimization To Construct Efficient Screening Strategies For Cervical Cancer, Christodoulos Foufoulides
Theses and Dissertations
Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Because cervical cancer is usually asymptomatic until the disease is in its advanced stages, cervical screening is of central importance towards combating cervical cancer. Alternative screening strategies are evaluated from an economic point of view through cost-effectiveness analysis. In the literature however, studies perform cost-effectiveness analysis on a limited number of de facto or predetermined screening policies. At present, no attempt has been made to construct efficient screening strategies through optimization, before cost-effectiveness analysis is applied. In this study simulation optimization is used to construct efficient screening …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polyionic Hydrogels, Pooja Desai
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polyionic Hydrogels, Pooja Desai
Theses and Dissertations
In this study we describe novel polyionic dendrimer – PEG hydrogels for drug delivery. Hydrogels have a crosslinked insoluble network of polymer chains, which have found many applications including drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Dendrimers provide an ideal platform for drug delivery as they possess a well-defined highly branched nanoscale architecture with many reactive surface groups. Their highly clustered surface groups allow for targeted drug delivery and high drug payload to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. This study presented a new type of polyionic hydrogels based on dendrimers with potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with various …
Male Survivors: Walking The Tightrope Of Masculinity, Luke Rogers
Male Survivors: Walking The Tightrope Of Masculinity, Luke Rogers
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual assault of men is a serious social problem and has drawn well deserved attention from many different researchers as well as the general public. Even though there is much concern and interest in this troubling crime, limited research has been conducted on the long-term effects of sexual abuse on male survivors. Using data collected by the Virginia Department of Health, this study investigated the effects of sexual abuse of men. Specifically, this inquiry examined specific emotional and physical conditions as potential consequences of sexual victimization among men and the extent to which those conditions vary between male victims and …
Modeling Pure Vasogenic Edema In The Rat Brain, Charles Nottingham
Modeling Pure Vasogenic Edema In The Rat Brain, Charles Nottingham
Theses and Dissertations
Targeted drug delivery to the brain is difficult to achieve using conventional techniques, largely due to the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB) impediment to drug diffusion into the brain parenchyma. In response, development of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) offers the ability to circumvent the BBB and target specific areas of the brain. Predictability of infusate movement in pathological brain states during CED will maximize the effectiveness of this treatment, and therefore modeling of infusate movement must be characterized. Previous work from our lab effectively modeled CED in rats using the middle carotid artery occlusion model of cytotoxic edema. However, previous models examined for …
Physiological And Molecular Characterization Of Genetic Competence In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Alejandro Rodriguez
Physiological And Molecular Characterization Of Genetic Competence In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Alejandro Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
The ability of bacteria to assimilate free DNA from the environment is known as competence. Though many studies have focused on competence regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis has yet to be examined. Physiological characterization of competence in S. sanguinis strain SK36 and its comC mutant, JFP41, led to the genome-wide transcriptional analysis of cells induced to competence via addition of competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). A total of 128 genes were induced at least 2-fold, 74 of which were classified as either “early” or “late” based on their induction patterns. Expression patterns were verified using qRT-PCR. This study …
The Role Of Microrna-155 And Microrna-146a As Putative Oncomirs In The Tumor Progression Of Prostate Cancer, Jennifer Hoyt
The Role Of Microrna-155 And Microrna-146a As Putative Oncomirs In The Tumor Progression Of Prostate Cancer, Jennifer Hoyt
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in males. The identification of novel microRNAs (miRs) that contribute to tumor progression represents prospective treatment targets. miRs are small non-coding RNAs important in gene regulation with specific tissue expression patterns. Each miR is thought to affect the expression of hundreds of different RNA targets. Two putative oncomiRs, miR-155 and miR-146a, were shown to be differentially expressed in the human derived, prostate cell sublines M12 and F6. Quantification of endogenous miR expression showed high levels in the metastatic M12 cell line versus low in its weakly tumorigenic F6 variant. The restoration of …
Promotion Of Tumor Cell Death Through The Induction Of, Tuyen Nguyen
Promotion Of Tumor Cell Death Through The Induction Of, Tuyen Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
Microtubule poisons have proven to be effective in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Although taxol-based derivatives promote microtubule stabilization, there is continuing interest in compounds that, like colchicines, act as microtubule destabilizing agents. Previous work from this laboratory showed that the novel microtubule poison, JG- 03-14, was active against breast tumor cells, promoting autophagic cell death. In the current work, we studied the influence of JG-03-14 on p53 wild type HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. A crystal violet sensitivity assay indicated that JG-03-14 induced growth inhibition, with 75% suppression of growth evident at a concentration of 500 nM. Time …