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A Study Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Student Performance On The Virginia Standards Of Learning Tests In Elementary Schools, Victoria Lee Thomasson Jan 2006

A Study Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Student Performance On The Virginia Standards Of Learning Tests In Elementary Schools, Victoria Lee Thomasson

Theses and Dissertations

Educators are examining many aspects of schools as they find ways to help students improve their performance on standardized tests in order to meet both federal and state standards. This study examined the relationship between organizational climate and student achievement on the Virginia Standards of Learning tests. A total of 1,061 teachers in 47 schools across the Commonwealth of Virginia responded to the climate survey. The survey instrument was the Organizational Health Inventory for Elementary Schools (OHI-E). This brief survey instrument examined five aspects of school climate. They were Teacher Affiliation, Collegial Leadership, Resource Influence, Institutional Integrity, and Academic Emphasis. …

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Social Change, Gender And Education: Exceptional Swedish Immigrant Women At North Park College, 1900-1920, Sofia A.T. Hiort Wright Jan 2006

Social Change, Gender And Education: Exceptional Swedish Immigrant Women At North Park College, 1900-1920, Sofia A.T. Hiort Wright

Theses and Dissertations

The present study focused on the educational and career experiences of four selected Swedish immigrant women at North Park College in Chicago from 1900-1920. There is a gap in the extant literature with regard to the Swedish immigrant women experiences, and this study attempted to shed some light on this fascinating topic.The study examined the lives of three selected Swedish immigrant women students at the College and their lives afterwards as missionaries in China. It also examined the life of Lena Sahlstrom, a faculty member at North Park College during the same period. The four women were exceptional individuals, each …

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Glutamate Excitotoxicty Activates A Novel Calcium Permeable Ion Channel In Cultured Hippocampal Neurons, Laxmikant Sudhir Deshpande Jan 2006

Glutamate Excitotoxicty Activates A Novel Calcium Permeable Ion Channel In Cultured Hippocampal Neurons, Laxmikant Sudhir Deshpande

Theses and Dissertations

Glutamate excitotoxicity is the predominant mechanism implicated in neuronal cell death associated with neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and ALS. Excessive stimulation of NMDA subtypes of glutamate receptors leads to protracted intracellular calcium elevations triggering calcium mediated neurotoxic mechanisms culminating in delayed neuronal cell death. In addition, glutamate excitotoxicity induces a NMDA dependent extended neuronal depolarization mediated by continuous calcium influx that correlates with delayed neuronal death. Attempts to prevent neuronal death by blocking calcium entry into the neurons using calcium channel blockers or NMDA receptor antagonists have failed to provide any beneficial effects in clinical …

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What Cost Hospital Quality: Performance Uncertainty Under Market Reform, Ronald L. Fisher Jan 2006

What Cost Hospital Quality: Performance Uncertainty Under Market Reform, Ronald L. Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Healthcare is an organizational field that has undergone profound change in the last few decades, an era characterized by market reform. Healthcare production has revealed both economic and quality problems in past eras, and reporting on these problems can be seen to have contributed to pressures for social reform. Yet, the move toward more market-oriented governance structures and design solutions also reflects a wider isomorphic institutional tendency for organizing social order.The conceptual frame work of this study takes a pessimistic stance on whether the market reform has achieved the intended goals with respect to advancing organizational quality performance. The framework …

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Modulation Of The Serotonin Reuptake Transporter In Raw264.7 Macrophages, Sienna Marie Arenas Malubay Jan 2006

Modulation Of The Serotonin Reuptake Transporter In Raw264.7 Macrophages, Sienna Marie Arenas Malubay

Theses and Dissertations

Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role as both a neurotransmitter and animmune modulator. The serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) clears the extracellular space of 5-HT, which decreases the effects of 5-HT on target cells. This study demonstrated that the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line expresses SERT function, measured by assays of 3H-5HT uptake. The 5-HT uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages was more than 10-fold that of peritoneal macrophages, indicating that these cells are an excellent model for studying regulation of the SERT. Activation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased SERT activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and Western blots indicate that the …

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R. Walton Moore And Virginia Politics, 1933-1941, Daniel Gregory Tulli Jan 2006

R. Walton Moore And Virginia Politics, 1933-1941, Daniel Gregory Tulli

Theses and Dissertations

This study is a chronicle of the efforts of R. Walton Moore and the Roosevelt Administration to liberalize the conservative Virginia Democratic Party during the 1930's. Moore was an elderly politician and amateur historian who had been in and out politics in the state for over forty years. He was opposed at every turn in his efforts by state Democratic Party organization leader Senator Harry F. Byrd, and his conservative colleague Senator Carter Glass. Both Glass and Byrd opposed most New Deal legislation throughout the decade. Moore served officially as Assistant Secretary of State and Counselor to the State Department, …

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Sec Regulation Of Corporate 10k Filing Dates: The Effect On Earnings Management And Market Recognition, Robert W. Russ Jan 2006

Sec Regulation Of Corporate 10k Filing Dates: The Effect On Earnings Management And Market Recognition, Robert W. Russ

Theses and Dissertations

In November 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission released a final ruling regarding a filing requirement change. The proposed requiredment change was for domestic companies to file annual and quarterly reports within 60 and 30 days, respectfully. This requirement was recommended for companies with a market value of at least $75 million and would reduce by 30 days the time allowed to file these reports. The Wall Street Journal article announcing this proposal stated the change was an effort to address some of the problems arising from accounting scandals such as the Enron scandal of 2001. A potential added benefit …

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Panic Disorder, Trait Anxiety, And Risk Drinking In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women, Sarah Meshberg-Cohen Jan 2006

Panic Disorder, Trait Anxiety, And Risk Drinking In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women, Sarah Meshberg-Cohen

Theses and Dissertations

Anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder, and alcohol problems co-occur at greater rates than chance in the general population. It has also been suggested that alcohol is used to cope with anxiety symptoms, such as trait anxiety. While pregnancy may be a protective period against Panic Disorder and panic symptoms, trait anxiety remains relatively stable during pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in rates of current Panic Disorder, panic attacks, and trait anxiety in pregnant and non-pregnant women receiving care at an urban OB/GYN clinic. The study also examined correlates and differences in alcohol use and …

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Implicit Theories Of Weight Management: A Social Cognitive Approach To Motivation, Jeni L. Burnette Jan 2006

Implicit Theories Of Weight Management: A Social Cognitive Approach To Motivation, Jeni L. Burnette

Theses and Dissertations

Just as scientists develop general conceptual explanations of the phenomena they investigate, individuals also develop intuitive theories about such human characteristics as intelligence, personality, and athletic ability. These theories, unlike scientist's theories, are not explicitly articulated or documented, and so they are termed implicit theories. Implicit theories, in achievement motivation, distinguish between the belief that human attributes are fixed (entity theory) or malleable (incremental theory) and have been shown to have far-reaching consequences for motivation, goal-orientations, and regulatory strategies in an array of domains. This dissertation extended implicit theories research to the domain of body-weight management. Drawing from an elaborate …

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Hospitals' Decision To Vertically Integrate Skilled Nursing Units Before And After The Balanced Budget Act, Betty C. Lucente Jan 2006

Hospitals' Decision To Vertically Integrate Skilled Nursing Units Before And After The Balanced Budget Act, Betty C. Lucente

Theses and Dissertations

The decision to vertically integrate services and deliver care has both management and policy concerns for healthcare in the United States. The change in reimbursement, which was enacted with the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, influenced the availability of post acute services for acute hospital inpatients. Prior to this change, post acute services were reimbursed based on cost similar to the pre DRG era of Medicare reimbursement. The change in payment had the potential to make discharging patients more difficult resulting in a prolonged length of stay without additional payment and at increased costs for hospitals. As a result of …

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Relationships Among Stress, Blood Pressure, And Heart Rate Variability In Meditators, Sangthong Terathongkum Jan 2006

Relationships Among Stress, Blood Pressure, And Heart Rate Variability In Meditators, Sangthong Terathongkum

Theses and Dissertations

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Growing evidence indicates that psychological stress contributes to cardiovascular diseases through complex neuroendocrine mechanisms. Psychological stress leads to several physiological responses including increased heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) as well as decreased heart rate variability (HRV) through alterations in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), specifically increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and decreased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Meditation is thought to induce an innate relaxation response leading to reduced psychological stress. Findings from past studies have provided inconclusive evidence regarding the direction and strength of relationships among stress, BP, HRV, and meditation practice. PROCEDURES: A …

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A Model To Predict 24-Hour Urinary Creatinine Level Using Repeated Measurements, Donna S. Kroos Jan 2006

A Model To Predict 24-Hour Urinary Creatinine Level Using Repeated Measurements, Donna S. Kroos

Theses and Dissertations

Creatinine is a metabolic waste product, removed from the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in the urine. The measurement of creatinine is used in the assessment and monitoring of many medical conditions as well as in the determination or adjustment of absorbed dosage of pesticides. Earlier models to predict 24-hour urinary creatinine used ordinary least squares regression and assumed that the subjects' observations were uncorrelated. However, many of these studies had repeated creatinine measurements for each of their subjects. Repeated measures on the same subject frequently are correlated. Using data from the NIOSH-CDC "Pesticide Dose Monitoring in Turf Applicators" …

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The Role Of Dna Methylation And Methyl Binding Domain Protein 2 In The Regulation Of Human Embryonic And Fetal Beta Type Globin Genes, Jeremy William Rupon Jan 2006

The Role Of Dna Methylation And Methyl Binding Domain Protein 2 In The Regulation Of Human Embryonic And Fetal Beta Type Globin Genes, Jeremy William Rupon

Theses and Dissertations

The genes of the human β-globin locus are located on chromosome 11 in the order of their expression during development: 5' ε, γ, β 3'. During development, silencing of the 5' gene occurs with activation of the immediate 3' gene. This process occurs twice and is termed hemoglobin switching. The exact mechanism(s) of this process have not been fully described. Herein, we describe a role for DNA methylation and methyl binding domain protein 2 in the transcriptional regulation of the human embryonic and fetal beta type globin genes. Adult mice containing the entire human β-globin locus as a yeast artificial …

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Studies On The Molecular Biology Of Naegleru Fowleri And Identification Of N. Fowleri In The Environment, Rebecca Carmean Maclean Jan 2006

Studies On The Molecular Biology Of Naegleru Fowleri And Identification Of N. Fowleri In The Environment, Rebecca Carmean Maclean

Theses and Dissertations

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living ameboflagellate, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Healthy humans sporadically become infected with N. fowleri and develop fatal PAM after recreational or work exposure to freshwater; accordingly, there is a need for monitoring the presence of pathogenic amebeflagellates in public freshwater. The present study was conducted to determine whether a nested PCR assay could be used for detection of N. fowleri in freshwater habitats. PCR analysis was used to test samples from Virginia, Connecticut, Arizona, and Oklahoma for the presence of N. fowleri in lakes, ponds, soil, and domestic water supplies. The amebae were …

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Pathological Upregulation Of A Calcium-Stimulated Phosphatase, Calcineurin, In Two Models Of Neuronal Injury, Jonathan Elledge Kurz Jan 2006

Pathological Upregulation Of A Calcium-Stimulated Phosphatase, Calcineurin, In Two Models Of Neuronal Injury, Jonathan Elledge Kurz

Theses and Dissertations

Excitotoxic calcium influx and activation of calcium-regulated systems is a common event in several types of neuronal injury. This mechanism has been the focus of intense research, with the hope that a more complete understanding of how neuronal injury affects calcium-regulated systems will provide effective treatment options. This study examines one such calcium-stimulated enzyme, calcineurin, in the context of two common neurological pathologies, status epilepticus and traumatic brain injury.Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine injection. NMDA-dependent increases in calcineurin activity were observed in cortical and hippocampal homogenates. Upon closer examination, the most profound increases in activity were found to be …

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Forecasting Stability Levels For The Countries Of The Former Soviet Union, Margaret Erin Keck Jan 2006

Forecasting Stability Levels For The Countries Of The Former Soviet Union, Margaret Erin Keck

Theses and Dissertations

United States intelligence officers and policymakers need reliable forecasts of country, regional, and global stability or instability. Such forecasts require a methodology for identifying and analyzing factors that contribute to stability. The anticipation of this stability level can facilitate crisis warning and diplomatic strategies for various timelines, including five, ten, and twenty year forecasts. While the problem of forecasting can be tackled in various ways, in the interest of time and space, I will only go into a few of them. The approach I will use is multiple linear regression to generate a short-term forecast for the stability levels of …

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The Influence Of Perceptions And Experiences Of Racial Discrimination On Body Mass Index Among The Black Women's Health Study Cohort, Dana-Marie Thomas Jan 2006

The Influence Of Perceptions And Experiences Of Racial Discrimination On Body Mass Index Among The Black Women's Health Study Cohort, Dana-Marie Thomas

Theses and Dissertations

Using data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) and building on what is currently known about perceptions of racism and discrimination and its mechanisms, this study attempts to demonstrate the value of identifying additional variables that may serve as potential risk factors for obesity among African American women. Using secondary data analysis, the purpose of this study was to expand the scope of existing obesity research by examining a 1997 cross-sectional dataset of self-reported questionnaire responses among a random sample of African American women enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) to examine the association between perceptions of …

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Autism Spectrum Disorders And Workplace Discrimination: An Empirical Analysis Of Eeoc-Resolved Ada Title I Charges, Wieren Todd Alan Van Jan 2006

Autism Spectrum Disorders And Workplace Discrimination: An Empirical Analysis Of Eeoc-Resolved Ada Title I Charges, Wieren Todd Alan Van

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective research study was to examine the charges of disability-related, private-sector workplace discrimination made by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). To date, there has been a lack of research regarding the nature, scope and dynamics of employment discrimination affecting individuals with ASDs.A portion of the EEOC's Integrated Mission Systems (IMS) database was analyzed, drawing upon the following five major categories: (1) charging-party demographics, (2) responding-party characteristics, (3), U.S. region, (4) ADA Title I discrimination charge categories, …

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State Of Being, Anne Bradshaw Jan 2006

State Of Being, Anne Bradshaw

Theses and Dissertations

My work speaks to the processes of adaptation and assimilation, phenomena that explain the way in which we transform life experience and incorporate the effects of such experience into the daily workings of our psyche. To this extent my work is a self-analysis, an autobiographical reckoning, a non-verbal representation of collective experiences rendered in forms upon which images are spontaneously drawn or painted with fiber. The process of making art as a means of accessing creative instincts is a manifestation of the way in which I experience life. Adapting and assimilating to our human condition is an art, a form …

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Machismo As A Determinant For Hiv/Std Risk Behavior Among Latino Msm, Jacqueline L. Sears Jan 2006

Machismo As A Determinant For Hiv/Std Risk Behavior Among Latino Msm, Jacqueline L. Sears

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Male-to-male sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission for HIV among Latino men. Psychosocial factors such as machismo, homophobic discrimination, and internalized homophobia have been hypothesized to greatly impact sexual behaviors among Latinos. However, studies investigating the relationship between these psychosocial factors and risky sexual behaviors are limited. This study examined the impact of machismo on risky sexual behaviors among Latino Male who have Sex with Men (MSM).Methods: This study utilized data collected from 254 Latino MSM in 1999 from selected cities within Virginia. The analysis focused on respondent demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, acculturation, and sexual risky …

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Supportive And Unsupportive Responses From Parents As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Stressful Events And Negative Outcomes In Adolescents, Karen A. Muehl Jan 2006

Supportive And Unsupportive Responses From Parents As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Stressful Events And Negative Outcomes In Adolescents, Karen A. Muehl

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between stressful events in adolescents and negative outcomes of substance use, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Parental support and unsupportive parental responses were examined as moderators of this relationship. The research design was cross-sectional, and self-report data were collected from 100 adolescents in the 8th and 9th grades. As hypothesized, significant positive associations were found between perceived stressors and each of the three negative outcomes, as well as between unsupportive parental responses and the outcomes. Also consistent with hypotheses, and previous literature, was the finding of a significant inverse association …

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Characterization Of Vancomycin Resistance In Staphylococcus Aureus, Paige Mccarthy Fox Jan 2006

Characterization Of Vancomycin Resistance In Staphylococcus Aureus, Paige Mccarthy Fox

Theses and Dissertations

In the past decade, Staphylococcus aureus has developed two distinct vancomycin resistance mechanisms. First, the bacterium is capable of generating a thickened, poorly crosslinked cell wall that creates false targets. These targets cause vancomycin to bind at the periphery of the thickened peptidoglycan, allowing normal cell wall formation to continue at the cell membrane. Second, S. aureus has acquired genes from Enterococcus that encode an alternative stem peptide. The genes, known as van genes, alter the target of vancomycin, rendering vancomycin treatment ineffectual.In this work, we attempted to further characterize both mechanisms of vancomycin resistance. First, a potential link between …

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A Longitudinal Investigation Of Cognitive Predictors Of Self-Care Behaviors In Youth With Type I Diabetes, Michelle Marie Greene Jan 2006

A Longitudinal Investigation Of Cognitive Predictors Of Self-Care Behaviors In Youth With Type I Diabetes, Michelle Marie Greene

Theses and Dissertations

Cross-sectional research of youth with type I diabetes has demonstrated that rote and working memory predict blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and carbohydrate consumption, respectively; however, to date, no longitudinal follow-up studies exist. Rote and working memory subtests from well-standardized memory measures, along with a problem-solving and executive functioning measures were administered to 118 youth with type I diabetes, aged 9-16 in two waves of data collection (mean interval = 2.07 years). Diabetes care behaviors were assessed through the 24-hour Diabetes Interview. This study was the first to document longitudinal prediction of BGM by rote memory and fat consumption by working …

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Immunological And Molecular Analyses Of The Borrelia Burgdorferi Ospf Protein Family F, Emily Tran Jan 2006

Immunological And Molecular Analyses Of The Borrelia Burgdorferi Ospf Protein Family F, Emily Tran

Theses and Dissertations

In North America, Borrelia burgdorferi is the primary causative agent of Lymedisease which is a growing health concern. The ability of B. burgdorferi to maintain chronic infection indicates that they are capable of immune evasion. A distinguishing characteristic of B. burgdorferi is the large number of sequences encoding predicted or known lipoproteins, including outer surface protein F (OspF). This study analyzes the specificity of the humoral immune response to B. burgdorferi B3 IMI OspF proteins during murine and human infection. Immunoblot analyses revealed a temporal expression of OspF proteins during infection and mapped the immunodominant epitopes which lie within the …

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Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure And Hearing Loss In An Occupational Setting, Darlene W. Olive Jan 2006

Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure And Hearing Loss In An Occupational Setting, Darlene W. Olive

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Twenty-two million Americans or roughly 8% of the population are hearing impaired. This affects more than just the ability for one to hear. In the last three decades, younger Americans have shown a sharp increase in hearing impairment. Hearing loss affects social and emotional well being and thus has the ability to decrease one's quality of life. This study was designed to examine the association between smoking, workplace chemical exposure, and hearing loss.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in an occupational health clinic setting in Virginia. The study population consisted of employees from local businesses who visited the …

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A Gis And Remote Sensing Based Analysis Of Impervious Surface Influences On Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Nest Presence In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jennifer M. Ciminelli Jan 2006

A Gis And Remote Sensing Based Analysis Of Impervious Surface Influences On Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Nest Presence In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jennifer M. Ciminelli

Theses and Dissertations

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing techniques were used to predict relationships between bald eagle nest presences and land type, distance to land type and impervious surface cover area. Data plots revealed bald eagle nest presence decreases in response to an increase in area of bareland; increases with an increase in area of forested land; decreases with an increase in distance (m) to shoreline, and decreases in response to an increase in area of impervious surfaces. Logistic regression models identified impervious surfaces as an indicator for bald eagle nest presence (P 24% as unsuitable. Unsuitable area covered 17.82% of …

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A Needs Assessment For Annual Physical Examination For Selected Richmond Public School Children, Aimee Gibbs Jan 2006

A Needs Assessment For Annual Physical Examination For Selected Richmond Public School Children, Aimee Gibbs

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The following risk factors have found to be associated with inadequate health care and have been found to affect the well-being of children: racial or ethnic minority, poverty status, median family income, family structure of household, maternal education level, and parental employment status. Also, there has found to be health indicators including, teen pregnancy, asthma hospitalization, and lead poisoning cases that affect the well-being of a child and are associated with the presence of these risk factors in a population. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to (1) compare the presence of risk factors and health indicators in …

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Predictors Of Primary Elective Cesarean Delivery Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women In Virginia, Brooke W. Rossheim Jan 2006

Predictors Of Primary Elective Cesarean Delivery Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women In Virginia, Brooke W. Rossheim

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether certain maternal variables were associated with the performance of a primary cesarean delivery rather than a spontaneous vaginal delivery among apparently healthy pregnant women in the Commonwealth of Virginia.Methods. This study utilized the 2004 Virginia Statistics File for Live Births which contained 103,830 records. From this dataset, the following groups of women were excluded: multiparous women, women who had had a previous delivery by any method, women with medical and obstetric problems, women with any labor and delivery complications, women with premature births and women with multiple gestations. The …

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Influence Of Organizational, Operational, Financial Andenvironmental Factors On Hospitals' Adoption Of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems For Improving Patient Safety: A Resource Dependence Approach, Imre Solti Jan 2006

Influence Of Organizational, Operational, Financial Andenvironmental Factors On Hospitals' Adoption Of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems For Improving Patient Safety: A Resource Dependence Approach, Imre Solti

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines specific organizational, operational, financial and environmental characteristics to identify factors that are associated with increased likelihood of hospitals' CPOE adoption decision in six rollout regions of the Leapfrog initiatives.Resource dependence theory provides theoretical basis for the study. The study is retrospective observational in design. Individual hospitals are the unit of analysis. The Leapfrog Group's 2002-survey collection serves the primary data source. Univariate statistical methods along with bivariate and ordinal logistic regression models are used to analyze the data. The models provided support for multiple hypotheses for both the adoption and early adoption decisions of study hospitals. The …

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Small Molecules Binding To Serpins, Junaid Afridi Jan 2006

Small Molecules Binding To Serpins, Junaid Afridi

Theses and Dissertations

Serpins are a unique breed of proteins due to their enzymatic mechanism. Two systems were closely monitored during fluorescent binding studies, the ACT-CHY along with the AT:TRY interaction. Four different conformational variants of each system were studied including the native, cleaved, latent and complex forms. Three different fluorescent dyes were used to identify the conformations including ANS, TNS, and bis-ANS. SI studies and protease assays utilizing both Suc-AAPF-pNA and L-BAPNA were instrumental in determining conformations along with gel electrophoresis studies. The hydrophobic dyes bound to the different serpins with varying KD and ΔFmax due to structural variations among the conformers …

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