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Articles 7381 - 7410 of 14290
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Membrane-Bound Matrix Metalloproteinases Influence Reactive Synaptogenesis Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Kelly Warren
Membrane-Bound Matrix Metalloproteinases Influence Reactive Synaptogenesis Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Kelly Warren
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces axonal damage and deafferentation, triggering injury-induced synaptogenesis, a process influenced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their substrates. Here we report results of studies examining the expression and potential role of two membrane-bound MMPs, membrane-type 5-MMP (MT5-MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM-10), along with their common synaptic substrate N-cadherin, during the period of reactive synaptogenesis. Protein and mRNA expression of MT5-MMP, ADAM-10 and N-cadherin were compared in two TBI models, one exhibiting adaptive plasticity (unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion; UEC) and the other maladaptive plasticity (fluid percussion injury + bilateral EC lesions; TBI+BEC), targeting 2, 7, …
The Effect Of Cobalt Protoporphyrin And Cobalt Chloride On Heme Oxygenase Expression And Protection From Deoxycholate-Induced Apoptosis, Tina Lawson
Theses and Dissertations
The inner surface of the stomach is lined by a mucous membrane known as the gastric mucosa. The integrity of the gastric mucosa is critical for protecting the stomach from the low pH and proteolytic environment within the lumen. Both clinically and experimentally, exposure of gastric mucosal cells to bile salts is known to cause injury. Bile salts present in duodenogastric reflux are thought to play a significant role in gastric ulcer formation and alkaline gastritis. In vitro, studies using physiologic concentrations of the secondary bile salt, deoxycholic acid, indicate that bile salts can induce apoptosis in cultured human gastric …
Insights Into The Catalytic Mechanism Of Retro-Aldol Cleavage Of Β-Hydroxy Amino Acids By Escherichia Coli L-Threonine Aldolase, Remsh Soumya Govinda
Insights Into The Catalytic Mechanism Of Retro-Aldol Cleavage Of Β-Hydroxy Amino Acids By Escherichia Coli L-Threonine Aldolase, Remsh Soumya Govinda
Theses and Dissertations
With over 140 vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, PLP) dependent enzymes, serving vital roles in various transamination, decarboxylation, retro-aldol cleavage and synthesis pathways these enzymes constitute the most versatile catalytic systems in nature. Enzymes of this group have an inherent reaction as well as substrate specificity. A single co-factor namely, PLP is used by specific enzymes of this group to serve distinct roles during the catalytic reaction. An ordered evolutionary adaptation in these enzymes has led to specialization achieved by each enzyme for catalyzing specific reactions. L-Threonine aldolase (L-TA) is one such PLP- dependent enzyme that catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of …
Role Of Pyridoxine 5'-Phosphate Oxidase In Metabolism And Transfer Of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate, Sayali Karve
Role Of Pyridoxine 5'-Phosphate Oxidase In Metabolism And Transfer Of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate, Sayali Karve
Theses and Dissertations
Deficiency of vitamin B6 due to mutations in key B6 metabolizing enzymes is suspected to contribute to several pathologies. Vitamin B6 in its active form, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor for over 140 known B6 requiring (or PLP-dependent) enzymes, that serve vital roles in many biochemical reactions. There are three primary vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM) and pyridoxal (PL) which are phosphorylated to pyridoxine 5’-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate (PMP) and PLP respectively. Pyridoxal kinase (PLK) and pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) are the key enzymes involved in both salvage and de novo pathways of PLP biosynthesis. Mutations in …
Upper Classmen's Valuation Of Their Roles As Mentors To New Ninth Graders: A Case Study In A Diverse Suburban High School, Naeemah Rodriguez
Upper Classmen's Valuation Of Their Roles As Mentors To New Ninth Graders: A Case Study In A Diverse Suburban High School, Naeemah Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
This study was conducted to obtain information about a mentoring program through the eyes of eleventh and twelfth grade student mentors. These students were able to tell what needed to be known about the strengths and weaknesses of this mentoring program and what they felt needed to be done to make the program more effective and meaningful. This study will serve to inform school leaders who may be planning a peer mentoring program at an educational institution.
The Effect Of Anticholinergic Burden On Functional Outcomes In Patients With Moderate To Severe Alzheimer’S Disease, Sheetal Dharia
The Effect Of Anticholinergic Burden On Functional Outcomes In Patients With Moderate To Severe Alzheimer’S Disease, Sheetal Dharia
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of memory, judgment, and thinking in older adults. The current treatment is cholinesterase inhibitors, which increase acetylcholine at the synapse. Medications with anticholinergic (AC) activity are given for a variety reasons including for the treatment of comorbid conditions or side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). These drugs inhibit acetylcholine in the brain. Studies have shown the detrimental outcomes of using AC medications with ChEIs in older adults. Moreover, older patients take more medications and have an increased risk of developing AC toxicity …
The Development And Use Of A Geographic Information System For Evaluating The Association Between Pesticide Exposure And Prostate Cancer, Kristen Wells
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract 1 – A Geographic Information System for Evaluating Residential Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer Incidence Agricultural pesticide exposure is hypothesized to be a risk factor for prostate cancer, and such exposures are of particular concern for men living in farming communities where large-scale pesticide applications occur. Prostate cancer incidence data were obtained from the State Health Registry of Iowa for the years 1996 through 2006, and county and census tract level age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Historical crop-specific land use records and pesticide sales data for the state of Iowa during 1990 were integrated into a geographic information system …
Pyridoxal Kinase: Its Role In Vitamin B6 Metabolism, Jigarkumar Desai
Pyridoxal Kinase: Its Role In Vitamin B6 Metabolism, Jigarkumar Desai
Theses and Dissertations
Pyridoxal kinase (PL kinase) and pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase (PNP oxidase) are the two vitamin B6 salvage enzymes involved in metabolism of the primary inactive vitamin B6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine) into the active cofactor form, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). PLP, arguably the most important vitamin, is required by numerous vitamin B6 (PLP-dependent) enzymes as a co-factor. These enzymes serve vital roles in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, heme, DNA/RNA and many neurotransmitters. High levels of vitamin B6 are linked to neurotoxicity, due to the non-specific interactions of PLP with non-B6 proteins. This problem is controlled, in part, by maintaining …
The Transcriptional Regulation Of Hla-E By Interferon-Gamma In Tumor Cells, Quintesia Grant
The Transcriptional Regulation Of Hla-E By Interferon-Gamma In Tumor Cells, Quintesia Grant
Theses and Dissertations
The human Class Ib gene, HLA-E inhibits both Natural Killer Cells and a subset of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by engaging the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptor. IFN-γ induces the expression of HLA-E as well as Class Ia molecules, which are required for the killing of target cells. Since HLA-E has negative effects on immune killing of target cells, we have sought to identify locus specific mechanisms of IFN-γ induction in order to identify molecular targets for selective activation of Class Ia genes, but not HLA-E. We have previously identified a unique upstream IFN-γ response region in the HLA-E promoter and showed …
Cell Death And Sustained Senescence Arrest In Colon Carcinoma And Melanoma Tumor Cells In Response To The Novel Microtubule Poison, Jg-03-14, Jonathan Biggers
Cell Death And Sustained Senescence Arrest In Colon Carcinoma And Melanoma Tumor Cells In Response To The Novel Microtubule Poison, Jg-03-14, Jonathan Biggers
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies from this and other laboratories have shown that the novel microtubule poison, JG-03-14, which binds to the colchicine binding site of tubulin, has the capacity to promote both autophagy and apoptosis in breast tumor cells, as well as interfering with endothelial cell function and potentially disrupting tumor vasculature. The current work was designed to investigate the interaction between JG-03-14 and cell culture models of colon carcinoma and melanoma, specifically HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells and B16F10 murine melanoma cells. In both cases, JG-03-14 promoted death in the bulk of the treated population. FACS analysis, DAPI and TUNEL staining …
Defying Labels: Richmond Now’S Multi-Generational Dynamism, Schuyler Vanvalkenburg
Defying Labels: Richmond Now’S Multi-Generational Dynamism, Schuyler Vanvalkenburg
Theses and Dissertations
In the late 1960s a group of women became interested in forming a chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in Richmond. These women, led by Zelda Nordlinger and Holt Carlton, followed a pragmatic, big-tent approach to women’s activism. This ideological and tactical openness defies traditional historical labels as these women fluidly moved through organizations and tactics in order to gain a stronger local following. Richmond’s NOW chapter, while staying attuned to the national organization’s platform, remained relatively autonomous and parochial in its tactics and pursuits. Further, Richmond NOW showed a marked change around 1974 with an influx of …
The Mechanism Of Obesity In Rai1+/- Mice, Kristie Schmidt
The Mechanism Of Obesity In Rai1+/- Mice, Kristie Schmidt
Theses and Dissertations
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion or mutation of the retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1) gene on chromosome 17p11.2 that results in haploinsufficiency. SMS patients with a deletion account for 90% of the cases, while the other 10% have a mutation in RAI1. The syndrome is characterized by cognitive impairment, craniofacial abnormalities, sleep disturbances, developmental delay, obesity, and behavioral phenotypes. SMS is thought to affect 1:25,000 live births, although due to similar infantile phenotypes with Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome, SMS may be mis- or under-diagnosed. In a study of 54 children, it was shown …
Double-Strand Break Repair Mechanisms In Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Bret Adams
Double-Strand Break Repair Mechanisms In Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Bret Adams
Theses and Dissertations
Central to the progression of all organisms is the maintenance of a stable genome despite continuous insults arising from genotoxic and environmental stresses. Embryonic stem cells show promise for treatment of a variety of diseases as well as for providing normal human tissue to conduct scientific research. A major obstacle for their application is that genomic instability arises in stem cells after prolonged cell culture. The most detrimental form of DNA damage is the DNA double-strand break (DSB), which is managed by cells through complex mechanisms, designated the DNA damage response. There are two major types of DSB repair; homologous …
Strategies To Employ Androstenediol To Reverse Steroid Inhibited Healing In A Rat Model Of Trauma, Francis Diskin
Strategies To Employ Androstenediol To Reverse Steroid Inhibited Healing In A Rat Model Of Trauma, Francis Diskin
Theses and Dissertations
Much of our current understanding regarding trauma, mechanisms of healing, and treatment strategies have evolved as a result of injuries suffered during armed conflict. While our understanding of these processes has advanced during and since these conflicts, treatment methods of traumatic wound healing have failed to progress significantly in the last forty years. The overall objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the immune regulating hormone Androstenediol (AED) modulates the host’s immune system to promote wound healing under conditions where it has been inhibited by stress and infection. In an effort to characterize the effects of Androstenediol …
Resistance Exercise And Vascular Function: Training And Obesity-Related Effects, Grayson Lipford
Resistance Exercise And Vascular Function: Training And Obesity-Related Effects, Grayson Lipford
Theses and Dissertations
Endothelial dysfunction, or the inability of an artery to dilate sufficiently when subjected to excessive shear stress, serves both as a predictor of future cardiovascular events as well as an early indication of atherosclerosis. Several chronic disease states, including obesity, have been shown to alter endothelial function, which may be mediated through circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Still, the mechanisms by which obesity-related low-grade inflammation alters endothelial function are not fully elucidated. Acute and chronic endurance exercise training has previously been shown to be effective in improving endothelial function; however, chronic resistance exercise training is not universally regarded as beneficial …
Pathogenic Role Of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Upregulation In Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Daniel Hobbs
Pathogenic Role Of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Upregulation In Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Daniel Hobbs
Theses and Dissertations
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it remains uncertain if I/R affects PDE5. We hypothesized that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during I/R leads to upregulation of PDE5, which contributes to pathological changes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Adult male ICR mice were subjected to 30 minutes of in vivo or ex vivo I/R. To examine the role of ROS, a subset of hearts were perfused with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Expression and activity of PDE5, pPDE5, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) were measured by Western blots and spectrophotometric assay. The results …
Factors Influencing A Military Blood Donor’S Intention To Donate: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Andrew Schnaubelt
Factors Influencing A Military Blood Donor’S Intention To Donate: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Andrew Schnaubelt
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, blood product availability is dependent entirely on donations from volunteer blood donors. Current trends in blood collection and utilization raise concerns about the ability to meet future demands for blood products. At a time of high demand and deferrals, the Armed Services Blood Program has been unable to meet its requirements for blood and consequently needs to purchase blood from civilian agencies to meet the dual demands of the military community at home, as well as those deployed around the world. This creates a need to better understand the military blood donor in an effort to …
Molecular Mechanisms Involved Involved In The Interaction Effects Of Hcv And Ethanol On Liver Cirrhosis, Ryan Fassnacht
Molecular Mechanisms Involved Involved In The Interaction Effects Of Hcv And Ethanol On Liver Cirrhosis, Ryan Fassnacht
Theses and Dissertations
The leading causes of liver disease are Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol accelerates liver disease in HCV but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The identification of molecular gene expression profiles on human liver tissue was performed using microarrays. Samples were obtained from alcoholic-cirrhotic, HCV-cirrhotic, HCV/alcohol-cirrhotic and control non-cirrhotic liver tissue. Probe set expression summaries were calculated using RMA. Probe set level linear models were fit where probe set expression was modeled by HCV status, alcohol status, and the interaction between HCV and Alcohol. HCV cirrhosis was associated with up-regulation of genes related to viral and immune …
Regional Heterogeneity And Diversity Of Astrocytes In Response To Hiv-1 Proteins And Morphine, Wen Chen
Regional Heterogeneity And Diversity Of Astrocytes In Response To Hiv-1 Proteins And Morphine, Wen Chen
Theses and Dissertations
HIV-infected individuals who abuse opiates have been found to have a higher incidence and a faster progression of HIV encephalitis. Astrocytes, the major support cells in the CNS, are known to play a critical role in the HIV neuropathy. Although astrocytes tend not to be productively infected by the HIV-1 virus, dysregulation of their pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines/chemokines secretion is usually neurotoxic. Glutamate transport in astrocytes is reported to be impaired as well, which result in extrasynaptic excitatory neurotransmitter accumulation and over stimulation of postsynaptic neurons. It is long known that astrocytes from different brain regions have diverse responses …
Children Adopted Internationally Examining Developmental Status At Arrival And Six Month Follow Up, Ann Mccormick
Children Adopted Internationally Examining Developmental Status At Arrival And Six Month Follow Up, Ann Mccormick
Theses and Dissertations
In the past 5 years, almost 100,000 children have been internationally adopted. Research suggests that many of these children have growth and developmental delays, but few large scale studies have been completed. In the current study data obtained from a restrospective chart review of 534 children followed in the International Adoption Clinic at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between 1999 and 2007 was analyzed. Prevalence of developmental delays and sensory processing issues initially and after 6 months in country, the relationship of delays/issues with previously identified risk factors, and the frequency of recommendations for early intervention (EI) and therapy services …
The Prevalence Of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption In A Dental School Population., Francisco Carlos
The Prevalence Of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption In A Dental School Population., Francisco Carlos
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: The aim of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of maxillary altered passive eruption in a dental school population. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and had models fabricated of their maxilla. Demographic, periodontal, cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Demographic variables recorded included age, gender, and ethnicity, history of orthodontic treatment, presence of incisal /occlusal wear, appearance of gingival excess, and presence of gingival asymmetry. Measurements made on cast included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height, and distance from the lateral gingival zenith to the gingival aesthetic line. Clinical crown width-to-length ratio was calculated. …
Perception Of Soft Tissue Laser Use In Orthodontic Practice: A Survey Of Orthodontists, Periodontists, And General Dentists, Brandon Burke
Perception Of Soft Tissue Laser Use In Orthodontic Practice: A Survey Of Orthodontists, Periodontists, And General Dentists, Brandon Burke
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, soft tissue lasers have been introduced into orthodontic practice to perform procedures that were traditionally referred to other dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of orthodontists, periodontists, and general dentists regarding the use of soft tissue lasers by orthodontists. The ultimate goal was to facilitate communication among dental professionals and improve the care of orthodontic patients requiring management of soft tissues. A survey was developed to evaluate and compare the current opinions of orthodontists (n=330), periodontists (n=171), and general dentists (n=77) regarding orthodontists’ use of soft tissue lasers. When compared to orthodontists and …
Novel Mechanism In Astrocyte Gene Regulation And Function, Sandeep Singh
Novel Mechanism In Astrocyte Gene Regulation And Function, Sandeep Singh
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation sheds light on several novel mechanistic findings in astrocyte specific gene regulation and function by the NFI-X transcription factor which can be further extrapolated to astrocyte differentiation and glial tumor invasion. First, we cloned and analyzed human NFI-X3, a novel splice variant of the nfix gene, which contains a unique transcriptional activation (TA) domain completely conserved in primates. In contrast to previously cloned NFI-X1, overexpression of NFI-X3 potently activates NFI reporters, including GFAP reporter, in astrocytes and glioma cells. The expression of NFI-X3 is dramatically upregulated during the differentiation of neural progenitors to astrocytes and precedes the expression …
Ex Vivo Expansion Of Tumor-Specific T Cells With Sequential Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Render Them Refractory To Mdsc Upon Adoptive Immunotherapy., Debasmita Basu
Theses and Dissertations
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of immature cells at various stages of differentiation, characterized by the presence of CD11b and Gr1 in mice. They are major contributors of the tumor-induced immune suppression against the tumors. So far, various strategies have been introduced to overcome the endogenous MDSCs. Most of these approaches rely on the elimination of MDSCs and it is not clear whether tumor-reactive T cells may be differentiated towards phenotypes that are refractory to MDSCc. Our laboratory has previously shown that high affinity T cells derived from tumor-sensitized wild-type FVB mice and expanded ex vivo with …
Optical Measurement Of Environmental Uranium Using Porous Silica Materials, Chien-Cheng Chen
Optical Measurement Of Environmental Uranium Using Porous Silica Materials, Chien-Cheng Chen
Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this research is on the optical measurement of uranyl in a solid matrix using fluorescence spectroscopy. Nanoporous silica-based materials were used to extract uranyl from contaminated soil and to enhance the fluorescence intensity and lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime and intensity of uranyl ions adsorbed on porous silica-based materials of varying pore size was measured as a function of pH and in the presence of fluoride. The feasibility of uranyl fluorescence detection on the top of soil by silica gel is carried out by four types of natural soil. The results show that the uranyl fluorescence intensity can …
Chronic Care Management To Improve Adherence: A Comparison Of Approaches In The Care Of Diabetes, Mary Ellen Gervais
Chronic Care Management To Improve Adherence: A Comparison Of Approaches In The Care Of Diabetes, Mary Ellen Gervais
Theses and Dissertations
Managing chronic conditions is seen as the public health challenge of the 21st century. The number of Americans with chronic conditions is expected to rise to 157 million by 2020. Diabetes prevalence and costs contribute to the growing problem. Diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2006. Nationally, the cost of diabetes is expected to be $138 billion in 2020. Diabetes leads to multiple and significant complications. The desired outcomes of management of chronic conditions are improvement in clinical status, avoidance of complications, prevention of co-morbid conditions and avoidance of the costs associated with complications. In the 1990s, …
Understanding Nurses’ Experiences Of Providing End-Of-Life Care In The United States Hospital Setting, Susan Johnson
Understanding Nurses’ Experiences Of Providing End-Of-Life Care In The United States Hospital Setting, Susan Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Nurses perform a vital role in the care of dying patients and their families. Hence, experiences of nurses are a meaningful source from which to advance holistic end-of-life care. In this study, a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective was used to explore the phenomenon of end-of-life nursing care. Details derived from a scientific exploration into the experiences of 13 registered nurses who provided care for patients and families at end-of-life in the inpatient hospital setting offer understandings regarding this important phenomenon. The hermeneutic phenomenological methods of Max van Manen guided data collection and analysis. Three main themes described the participants’ experience of …
The Effects Of Bfgf Treatment In The Aged Brain Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Michael Zeigler
The Effects Of Bfgf Treatment In The Aged Brain Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Michael Zeigler
Theses and Dissertations
The mature mammalian brain continually generates new neurons in the subventricular zone and hippocampus throughout life. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is associated with hippocampal-dependent learning and memory function. During aging, this endogenous neurogenic potential is reduced which is accompanied by decreased cognitive function seen in the aging population. We have previously found that the injured adult brain shows heightened levels of endogenous neurogenesis and this response is associated with innate cognitive recovery. We have also found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent neurotrophic polypeptide, can enhance injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive recovery following TBI. In this …
The Scarab (2010-06)
The Scarab, 1952-2010
From the cover: "Official Organ of the Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia."