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Effect Of Oral Alendronate On Bone Mineral Density And The Incidence Of Fractures In Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Uri A. Liberman , M.D., Ph.D., Stuart R. Weiss , M.D., Johann Bröll , M.D., Helmut W. Minne , M.D., Hui Quan , Ph.D., Norman H. Bell , M.D., Jose Rodriguez-Portales , M.D., Robert W. Downs , Jr., M.D., Jan Dequeker , M.D., Ph.D., Murray Favus , M.D., Ego Seeman , M.D., Robert R. Recker , M.D., Thomas Capizzi , Ph.D., Arthur C. Santora , M.D., Ph.D., Antonio Lombardi , M.D., Raksha V. Shah , M.A., R.D., Laurence J. Hirsch , M.D., David B. Karpf , M.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious health problem, and additional treatments are needed.

METHODS

We studied the effects of oral alendronate, an aminobisphosphonate, on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures and height loss in 994 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The women were treated with placebo or alendronate (5 or 10 mg daily for three years, or 20 mg for two years followed by 5 mg for one year); all the women received 500 mg of calcium daily. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The occurrence of new vertebral fractures and the progression of vertebral deformities …

Virginia Commonwealth University Commencement Program [1995], Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

The X-Ray (1995)

The X-Ray (MCV, 1913-2010)

The yearbook of the Medical College of Virginia.

Policing The Races: Attempts To Enforce Racial Purity In Virginia (1630 -1930), John S. Mahoney Jr., Paul G. Kooistra

L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Publications

This paper examines Virginia's "Racial Purity Laws" enacted to deny equal opportunity to black men and women who could "pass" as whites from the early 1600s to the U. S. Supreme Court decision (Loving v. Virginia) in 1967. When physi­cal charac­teristics failed to match the legal definition of race, the state used records of vital statistics for boundary mainte­nance. Birth certificates, in particu­lar, served as "internal passports" to school assignments, work eligibility, and marriage, denying citizens defined as "Negro" life chances available to whites. It was also found that over time the definition of "Negro" was expanded to include citizens …

A National Survey Of The Arrangements Managed-Care Plans Make With Physicians, Marsha R. Gold , Sc.D., Robert Hurley , Ph.D., Timothy Lake , M.P.P., Todd Ensor, Robert Berenson , M.D.

Health Administration Publications

Abstract

Background. Despite the growth of managed care in the United States, there is little information about the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians.

Methods. In 1994 we surveyed by telephone 138 managed-care plans that were selected from 20 metropolitan areas nationwide. Of the 108 plans that responded, 29 were group-model or staff-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 50 were network or independentpractice–association (IPA) HMOs, and 29 were preferred-provider organizations (PPOs).

Results. Respondents from all three types of plan said they emphasized careful selection of physicians, although the group or staff HMOs tended to have more demanding requirements, …

Over-The-Counter Antifungal Therapy—A Word Of Caution, David E. Soper

Obstetrics and Gynecology Publications

No abstract provided.

Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 2, July 1995), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 72, No. 3, 1995)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 72, No. 2, 1995)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Explorations In Sights And Sounds

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

No abstract provided.

Political Consciousness As A Component Of Black Consciousness In Brazil: Its Presence In The Popular Media, David Covin

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

The purpose of this paper is to describe the extent to which political consciousness may be found as a component of Black consciousness within a sampling of the Brazilian popular press, and to suggest some significance of that description for the political lives af[of] Afro-Brazilians. In the first section the paper identifies the popular press reviewed and examines the relationship between the popular press and the Afro-Brazilian population. Next, the relationship between Black consciousness and Black political consciousness is discussed, including the significance of that relationship for this paper. It examines the role of the cultural question in some detail. …

[Review Of] William H. Tucker. The Science And Politics Of Racial Research, Vernon J. Williams

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

Since there is usually a two year period of time that elapses between the acceptance of a manuscript by a university press and its publication, we must commend William H. Tucker, who is an associate professor of psychology at Rutgers University, in his anticipation of contemporary controversies in reference to the relative abilities of races. Tucker argues that there is continuity in the thought of racists, which over the past two centuries include anthropometricians, eugenicists, and segregationists. ”The imprimatur of science,“ Tucker argues cogently, ”has been offered to justify, first slavery and, later, segregation, nativism, socio-political inequality, class subordination, poverty, …

[Review Of] Peter Eichstaedt. If You Poison Us: Uranium And Native Americans, Dorie S. Goldman

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

"The history of our nation's relations with American Indians is one of ignorance, indifference, exploitation and broken promises." This statement opens journalist Peter Eichstaedt's book, If You Poison Us: Uranium and Native Americans, an examination of this abusive history supplemented with personal interviews, government documents, and a detailed bibliography. Eichstaedt's account of how America's quest for uranium led to mining on reservation lands, consequently poisoning both the land and the miners, is a useful study for someone working in Native American or justice studies while still remaining accessible to a general audience.

[Review Of] Tu Wei-Ming,Ed. The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning Of Being Chinese Today, Jim Schnell

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

This book evolved from the spring, 1991 special issue of “Daedalus, the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Tu Wei-ming presents a collection of perspectives of the Chinese identity. These essays stand alone well, some are more relevant and better written than others (as will be addressed in this review), but they collectively fail to provide a coherent unified interpretation. The chapter topics are somewhat related but the continuity among them is weak (which should not be interpreted as a shortcoming of the individual chapter authors).

[Review Of] Clovis E. Semmes. Cultural Hegemony And African American Development, Carol Ward

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

The purpose of this book is to examine cultural aspects of hegemonic relations between White Americans and African Americans, a neglected topic which the author believes should provide the basis for African American Studies programs. Although Semmes establishes culture as the focus of his analysis, political and economic forces are clearly important for understanding the position of Black Americans in the changing social organization of the United States. Defined as regularity in subjective states, culture is theorized as interacting with social organization, as institutional settings frame cultural expressions and vice versa.

[Review Of] Janet D. Spector. What This Awl Means: Feminist Archaeology At A Wahpeton Dakota Village, David M. Gradwohl

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

Janet Spector has written a book which is enjoyable, enlightening, and though-provoking reading. Those involved in anthropology, history, gender studies, and ethnic studies would do well to read this small volume carefully and ponder its issues. As she promises in the book’s subtitle, Spector presents archaeological evidence pertaining to the Wahpeton Dakota (Eastern Sioux) within a framework which lacks the Eurocentric and androcentric perspectives which too often characterize the study of American Indian pasts.

Table Of Contents

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

Table of contents for Explorations in Sights and Sounds, Number 15, Summer, 1995

Organizational Slack, Efficiency, And Quality Of Care In Acute Care Hospitals, Kyung Ii Youn

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between technical efficiency and quality of care in hospitals is studied in the context of resource availability in hospital organizations. The resource availability of hospitals is conceptualized by organizational slack.

An integrated model is developed encompassing the source of organizational slack, its impact on technical efficiency and on quality of care, and its impact on the relationship between efficiency and quality. Organizational threat as an environmental factor affecting the level of slack is measured by the level of competition and regulation. Organizational slack is measured using financial and operational indicators of the hospitals. Technical efficiency is estimated by …

Attorney And Judicial Perceptions Of The Credibility Of Expert Witnesses In Child Custody Cases, Michael T. Foot

Theses and Dissertations

Attorney and judicial attitudes towards expert witnesses in child custody cases were investigated by a cross-sectional research design. Subjects consisted of a sample of 381 of all attorneys and judges in the Commonwealth of Virginia who wished to be certified as guardians ad litem. Subjects were asked to fill out a six page questionnaire immediately prior to a daylong certification training session. The sample was primarily white (85.2%) and male (57.7%). Information was gathered on the subjects' demographic characteristics, experience with and attitudes toward expert witnesses in custody cases, opinions on traditional court and family structures, and knowledge of developmental …

[Review Of] Laura Uba. Asian Americans: Personality Patterns, Identity, And Mental Health, Linda Gonzalves

Explorations in Sights and Sounds

When looking at issues of ethnicity and mental health we are constantly reminded that there is, at present, no unified paradigm to guide either the practitioner or the research scholar. What we do know is that the human organism is a socially constructed being. We also know that there are species-specific human needs that play out in the formation of mental well being; there does exist a common denominator, if you will, of optimum conditions and relational situations that underly all human development. Mental health is an arena where the universality of human needs meets the specificity or relativity of …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 72, No. 4, 1995)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 72, No. 1, 1995)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Nmda Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity In Developing Mammalian Visual Pathways, Gregory S. Perens

Theses and Dissertations

Precise connections in many mammalian nervous systems require a great deal of remodeling during development. In the visual system, many excess synapses are originally formed in the lateral geniculate nucleus and striate cortex. Only the correct set of axon terminals are retained during normal development, while imprecise ones withdraw. The mechanism by which only correct axons are retained requires neural activity, and may be regulated by specific receptors at synapses.

The transmission of neural signals at these synapses is carried out in part by the glutamate-activated NMDA receptor. It is hypothesized that NMDA receptor activation plays a crucial role in …

The Relationship Between Physician Personality Type And Medical Malpractice Risk, Thomas H. Casey

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible relationships between a physician's personality type and his or her risk of receiving a medical malpractice claim or lawsuit. Patients frequently initiate a malpractice claim for reasons other than the perception of an injury. Often it is the result of a misunderstanding caused by ineffective or insufficient communication with the physician. Different personality types are known to communicate differently.

Six research questions were explored in this analytical-descriptive study. The population was the physician faculty of the Medical College of Virginia. The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) was completed by 236 faculty. Information …

The Linkage Between Hospitals And Nursing Homes: Alternative Approaches To Minimizing Transaction Costs, Herng-Chia Chiu

Theses and Dissertations

Finding more efficient ways to organize and deliver medical care is a major policy and management concern in the United States. High levels of expenditures for administrative and coordinating functions are attributed to the fact that health care systems are not "seamless" and that excessive transaction or friction costs are incurred in the exchanges between providers and purchasers and among providers. Renewed interest in vertical integration as a means to addressed these problems is being explored in the empirical literature, but rigorous theory-based investigations are rare. This study is a theory-based exploration of how hospitals address the "make-or-buy" decision of …

The Impact Of The Tau Mutation On Reproductive Function In The Golden Hamster, Eliza Leake Thomasson

Theses and Dissertations

The tau mutation affects the circadian system of the golden hamster primarily by decreasing the period of the activity cycle from 24 to 20 hours. To study the effect of this mutation on reproductive function in the golden hamster, 3 experiments have been designed. In the first experiment, wild-type and tau female hamsters will be maintained in conditions of 14:10 LD and 11.7:8.3 LD, respectively. Blood samples will be taken and analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to determine the timing of the proestrus LH surge. In the second experiment, wild-type and tau males will be transferred to shortened photoperiods of 10:14 …

A National Survey Of Occupational Therapists In The Public Schools: An Assessment Of Current Practice, Attitudes, And Training Needs Regarding The Transition Process For Students With Severe Disabilities, Katherine Josephine Inge

Theses and Dissertations

Because occupational therapy involvement in transition planning is a relatively new area. little was known about the characteristics of school-based therapists who serve students in this age group. The purpose of this study was to determine their current level of participation in the transition process, the roles that therapists identified for themselves in this process, their attitudes towards best practices for serving students ages 14 - 22, and occupational therapists’ future training needs if they are to participate fully in the national transition initiative. A survey was mailed to 1,000 therapists on the American Occupational Therapy Associations Direct Mail List …

Statistical Methods For Detecting And Characterizing Departures From Additivity In Multi-Dimensional Drug/Chemical Mixtures, Kathryn S. Dawson

Theses and Dissertations

In studies of the effects of multiple drug or chemical combinations, one goal may be to detect and characterize the interactions between the agents. The techniques currently applied to this problem have limitations when the experiments involve more than 2 agents. Certain response-surface techniques require an unrealistic number of observations for studies involving a large number of agents. Current graphical methods are impossible to use in studies of 3 or more agents. In this research two statistical techniques are described that can be applied to studies with an unlimited number of agents. In the first approach, dose combinations are collected …

Determinants Of Continuity Of Care For Persons Transitioning From State Psychiatric Facilities To Communities, Sarah P. Farrell

Theses and Dissertations

When individuals with serious mental illness are discharged to the community, continuous and coordinated care are both desirable and necessary. A lack of continuity places the individual at risk for becoming lost to further services.

This study explores continuity of care for persons discharged from state psychiatric facilities in Virginia to communities. Continuity of care is defined as the successful initiation and maintenance of face-to-face contact by CSB staff with individuals to be discharged from state hospitals, and the subsequent provision of services post-discharge. This study identifies factors that influence continuity of care, examines the degree to which these factors …

Prevention As A Component Of Homeless Policy: A Longer-Term Evaluation Of The State Of Virginia's Homeless Intervention Program, Emma Kathleen Flaherty

Theses and Dissertations

A comprehensive homeless policy includes emergency housing, transitional housing, permanent housing, and prevention components. Researchers have determined that all four categories of homeless assistance are essential to address the needs of the diverse groups that comprise the homeless population.

This dissertation focuses on the prevention component which is designed to assist those in marginal economic circumstances who experience an unavoidable housing crisis. Several states have state-sponsored and state-funded homeless prevention programs.

The Commonwealth of Virginia authorized funding for the Homeless Intervention Program (HIP) in FY 1989-90. A Short-Term Study of the first group of participants conducted by Johnson, Brooks, Hambrick, …