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In-Orbit, Automatic And Periodic Flat-Field Calculation Of Newsat Mark Iv Imagery: A High Resolution Microsatellite Constellation, Claudia Agliozzo, Agustina Pose, Tomas Link, Florian Pignol, Luis Di Martino, Francesco Franzoni

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Satellogic is a vertically integrated geospatial company, designing, building and operating its own fleet of Earth Observation (EO) satellites. Satellogic is developing and continuously improving a scalable, fully automated EO platform, able to remap the entire planet at both high-cadence and high-resolution. Satellogic’s multispectral payloads collect sub-meter resolution images from an altitude of ~475 km in four spectral bands (Blue, Green, Red, Near-IR).

The flat-field correction of TOA imagery can be challenging for light-weight satellites with no moving parts. On-orbit calculation of flat fields allows to recreate the optical and thermal conditions of the operative satellites, assess changes during the …

Radiometric Calibration Intercomparison Of Sentinel-2 Msi, Sentinel-3 Olci And Landsat Oli Using Deep Convective Clouds, F. Romand, S. Clerc, N. Lamquin, S. Moparthy, J. Bruniquel, S. Dransfeld, V. Boccia

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

From spaceborne remote sensing platforms, Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) appear as bright and spectrally stable objects. Thus, they are ideal targets for the radiometric calibration monitoring of optical sensors and hence used for this purpose for more than two decades. A method based on DCC reflectances is applied to the Earth observation sensors Sentinel-3 OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) A and B, Sentinel-2 MSI (MultiSpectral Instrument) A and B, Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and Landsat-9 OLI-2 for intercomparison of their relative radiometric uncertainty.

Originally developed at ACRI-ST for the long-term post-tandem phase analysis of the cross-calibration of OLCI-A/B, …

Enhanced Radiometric Characterization Of Sonoran Pics For Vicarious Calibration Of Goes Imagers, Prathana Khakurel, David Doelling, Conor Haney, Rajendra Bhatt, Benjamin Scarino, Arun Gopalan

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) recommended Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) are stable ground-based calibration targets suitable for post-launch radiometric calibration of satellite sensors. The Sonoran Desert is one of the most utilized PICS in the Western Hemisphere that exhibits minimal spatial and temporal variations with a high degree of reflectivity. The site is located within the field-of-view of both the GOES-East and West Imagers. As such, the site is utilized by NASA’s Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project to monitor the temporal stability of GOES sensors as well as to uniformly scale them to a …

Direct Comparison Of Abi Infrared Channels On Different Goes, Fangfang Yu, Xiangqian Wu, Hyelim Yoo, Haifeng Qian, Hui Xu

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

NOAA has a long history of using a constellation of two operational GOES satellites to provide the imagery of the Western Hemisphere for the accurate weather forecasting and severe environmental monitoring. As the weather instruments onboard the satellites usually have similar spectral responses, the direct comparison between the infrared (IR) radiance from the overlapped area was used to evaluate the radiance difference between the satellites with high temporal resolution. To date, three of the NOAA’s current generation of geostationary (GEO) satellites, GOES-16/17/18, have been launched since November 2016. GOES-16 has been serving as the GOES-East satellite 75.2oW since December 2017, …

Improved Characterization Of Libya-4 And Dome-C For Consistent Radiometric Scaling Between Viirs Sensors, David Doelling, Prathana Khakurel, Conor Haney, Rajendra Bhatt, Benjamin Scarino, Arun Gopalan

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The NASA CERES EBAF product provides the scientific community observed TOA fluxes to monitor the Earth’s energy imbalance and for climate model validation. To provide MODIS and VIIRS cloud retrieval continuity, the CERES project inter-calibrates MODIS and VIIRS by ray-matching coincident Earth-view measurements from analogous channels over all-sky tropical ocean. SNOs are not possible between NPP, NOAA satellites and follow on JPSS satellites, which will fly in the same 1:30 PM orbit but are not flown in tandem. The CERES project will utilize the Libya-4 and Dome-C invariant targets as well as other approaches to radiometrically scale between MODIS and …

Post-Launch Performance Of Viirs Sensor Onboard Noaa-21 (Jpss-2) Satellite, Khalil Ahmad

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The third Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was successfully launched on November 10, 2022, onboard the NOAA / NASA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-2) satellite, which was later designated as NOAA- 21, after reaching its final orbit. Following a series of spacecraft and sensor activation operations, the VIIRS nadir door was opened on December 5, 2022.

VIIRS provides operational global imagery twice daily with moderate spatial resolution for a variety of environmental applications including fire, cloud, aerosol, vegetation, ocean color, and other geophysical parameters. VIIRS imagery is operationally used at Alaska national weather service for weather forecasting and event …

Stray Light Performance Improvements For Omps Limb Sensors, Tevis Nichols, Tyler Mccracken

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The OMPS Limb sensor measures vertical profiles of atmospheric ozone from by collecting light scattered through the atmospheric limb of the Earth. Four OMPS Limb sensors have been built with two on orbit (aboard S-NPP and N21) and the other two through their ground characterization and calibration. The Limb sensor’s spectral response covers a wide range of wavelengths from 290nm through 1020nm and views the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth up to at least 65km. Due to the high-dynamic range of the data collected, in field stray light is the dominant source of uncertainty. Over the course of …

Distortion, Pixel Line-Of-Sight Mapping, And Telescope Co-Alignment Calibration For The Atmospheric Waves Experiment (Awe) Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (Amtm), Zack Hatfield, Greg Cantwell, Harri Latvakoski, David Moser, Garrett Hinton

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) is the first dedicated NASA mission to study gravity waves in the upper atmosphere. The instrument built for this mission is the Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM). The AMTM is a wide field of view (FOV) imaging radiometer that will produce temperature maps of gravity waves near the mesopause region.

The AMTM instrument is comprised of four telescopes that each observe a single narrow band in the near-infrared, which together enable the temperature measurements through a background-subtracted ratio of OH emission line radiances. The AMTM’s large FOV results in significant optical distortion in the sensor’s …

Calibration Of The Fully Polarimetric Microwave Imager (Mwi) On The Weather System Follow- On-Microwave (Wsf-M) Satellite, David Draper, Michael Berberich, Quinn Remund, Frank Wentz

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Microwave Imager (MWI) on the Weather System Follow-on – Microwave (WSF-M) satellite contains fully polarimetric channels at 10.85, 18.85, and 36.75 GHz. Like its predecessor WindSat, fully polarimetric channels provide observations of the ocean wind vectors due to the polarimetric dependency of ocean emissivity on both wind speed and direction. Like dual-polarization radiometers, the MWI measures both vertical polarization (v-pol) and horizontal polarization (h-pol) through the antenna. The MWI computes the other polarization states (3rd and 4th Stokes) by digitally correlating the v-pol and h-pol inputs.

For a dual-polarization conical scanning radiometer, the sensor calibration reduces to a handful …

Atmospheric Waves Experiment (Awe)Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (Amtm) Flight Model Calibration Overview, Greg Cantwell, Harri Latvakoski, Garrett Hinton, David Moser, Zack Hatfield

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) is the first dedicated NASA mission to investigate global Gravity Wave (GW) properties in the upper atmosphere and their impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere (ITM). The AWE Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) will fly on the International Space Station (ISS) and measure temperature waves in the OH airglow layer. The OH temperature waves are produced by GWs that rise from the Troposphere into the Mesosphere and spread out horizontally in the OH airglow layer at ~87km altitude, carrying energy and momentum with them. The temperature waves are observed by measuring the background-subtracted ratio of OH P1(2) and …

Spectrograph Characterization For The Geocarb Mission, Eric Burgh, Sean Crowell, Mate Adamkovics, Tim Miller, Peter Somkuti, Alex Webb, Antonio Magoncelli, Paul Schweiger, Russell Katz, Diana Pang, Louis Pare, Clinton Maldoon, Paul Boerner

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb) was selected as a NASA Earth Venture Mission in 2016 to measure greenhouse gas concentrations from geostationary orbit with a view of North and South America. The GeoCarb instrument incorporates a high-resolution grating spectrograph operating in four narrow passbands with central wavelengths of 0.765 μm, 1.606 μm, 2.065 μm, and 2.323 μm, each with a dedicated focal plane array. From these bands, oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and solar induced fluorescence (SIF) will be measured. The four bands are observed through a single slit, with a roughly 6 x …

Earthdaily Analytics – Calibrating And Delivering Scientific Imagery Of Our Planet For A Sustainable Future, Keith Beckett

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The EarthDaily Analytics team is actively building a constellation of highly innovative satellites, capable of covering the earth’s landmass every day with a novel set of spectral channels selected to serve a wide range of applications. This new data will flow through our EarthPipeline, a completely automated Ground Segment-as-a-Service offering, capable of processing, calibrating and validating not only the data from EarthDaily Analytics’ constellation but data from multiple partners’s constellations as well.

We know that nearly every application targeted by EarthDaily Analytics, agriculture, forestry, water and many more, will all benefit greatly from the science-grade imagery and analytics that the …

Ground Support Equipment Calibrator Pointing Calibrations Using Theodolite, Joe Tansock, Matthew Berghout, Aaron Davidson

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Space Dynamics Laboratory performed various combinations of pointing mirror calibration of one of their vacuum and liquid nitrogen (LN2) rated ground support equipment (GSE) calibrators incorporating a pointing mirror gimbal. For this calibration approach, a theodolite was utilized to measure object space beam angles as a function of pointing mirror gimbal setting. This paper discusses the test setup, calibration uncertainty, angular coverage, measurement combinations, and explores the magnitude of dependencies.

Development Of Variable Temperature Blackbodies For The In-Lab Broadband End-To-End Calibration Of Libera And Babar-Eri At Lasp, Julian Gieseler, Graham Dean, Joel Rutkowski, Ginger Drake, Katherine Catani, Cameron Straatsma, Dave Harber, John Lehman, Odele Coddington, Peter Pilewskie

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Libera is a next generation scanning radiometer that will fly on the Joint Polar Satellite System-4 (JPSS-4), which is set to launch in late 2027. Libera will provide continuity of the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Earth radiation budget observations, advance the development of a self-contained observing system, and provide enhanced observing capability to further support earth radiation budget science goals. Data collected by Libera will be used by the Earth radiation budget community to continue the long-term measurements of radiation being reflected and emitted by Earth. The Libera science channels include shortwave (0.3-5 μm) to measure solar …

Analyzing And Correcting The Polarization Response Of Hyperspectral Imagers, Riley D. Logan, Erica Venkatesulu, Joseph A. Shaw

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Optical remote sensing systems used to monitor the natural environment often capture scenes that contain partially polarized light. Imagers used for these applications can exhibit a response to partially polarized emitted or reflected light. In this work, the polarization response of several hyperspectral imaging systems manufactured by Resonon, Inc., with spectral sensitivity in the range of 350 – 1700 nm and various spectral sampling rates was measured using a large-aperture, wire-grid polarizer and calibrated light source. The observed polarization response was compensated for after being modeled. The performance of compensation methods was quantified by gathering simultaneous hyperspectral and DoFPcamera images …

Towards Picowatt Optical Power Measurement Using A Frequency Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard, Malcolm White, N. Tomlin, A. Rufenacht, A. Fox, J. Lehman, S. Benz, A. Gamouras, D. Dalacu, R. Williams

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

We directly measure the electrical substitution power of a cryogenic radiant power detector by use of a frequency-programmable Josephson voltage standard (FPJVS). We demonstrate the practicality of the technique by using an FPJVS to set the voltage across the resistive heater of a standard NIST cryogenic radiometric detector. The FPJVS dc bias current source supplies dc current to the resistive heater. In this demonstration, the uncertainty of the substituted electrical power is limited by the uncertainty of the electrical heater resistance measurement at 4 K. We estimate this uncertainty to be 10 ppm. We aim to develop the technique to …

Radiometric Uncertainty Analysis Of The Glamr Calibration Facility, Brendan Mcandrew, Julia Barsi, Andrei Sushkov, Joel Mccorkel

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR) is a spectral and radiometric calibration facility developed for hyperspectral earth science instruments. A detailed study of the radiometric uncertainty has been conducted as part of our optical calibration of the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission Ocean Color Instrument testing. This instrument has particularly stringent calibration requirements, necessitating a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize sources of radiometric uncertainty. Included in these measurements are the spectrally dependent linearity, repeatability, uniformity, measurement noise, and fluorescence. Uncertainty of the absolute calibration provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology is …

Disk-Averaged And Disk-Resolved Polarization Of Moonlight Across Lunar Phases, Erica Venkatesulu, Sierra Dabby, Joseph A. Shaw

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Moonlight has a polarization state that varies with lunar phase angle, with a disk-averaged degree of linear polarization ranging from approximately 0 to 8%. The moon is frequently used as a calibration source for satelliteborne instruments based on detailed radiometric models of the moon, but this calibration method can only work well for polarization-insensitive instruments without information on the polarization state of the moon incorporated into the model. Additionally, understanding the polarization state of moonlight is necessary for passive polarimetric remote sensing methods utilizing moonlight illumination to operate at night. Previously, images of degree of linear polarization (DoLP) were recorded …

Producing Exo Atmospheric Fiduciary Reference Measurements Of Lunar Spectral Irradiance From The Airborne Lunar Spectral Irradiance (Air Lusi) March 2022 Flight Campaign, John Woodward, Stephen Maxwell, Thomas Larason, Steven Grantham, Tom Stone, Kevin Turpie, S. Andrew Gadsden, Andrew Newton

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

In March of 2022 air-LUSI made four flights aboard a NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft and measured the lunar spectral irradiance from above ~95% of the Earth’s atmosphere. Measurements were made at lunar phases of -60.3°, -37.0°, -25.0° and -12.9° with a flight scheduled for -48.8° canceled due to high winds. The measurements are traceable to the SI through artifacts calibrated at NIST and used to calibrate air-LUSI while on the aircraft. An LED-based monitoring system then verifies the calibration during flight. In addition to calibration, both the transfer spectrograph and the air-LUSI instrument were characterized for their linearity and change …

Improving The Rolo Lunar Calibration Reference With New Measurements Of The Moon, Thomas C. Stone, Kevin Turpie, John Woodward, Stephen Maxwell

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Moon provides a calibration target that can serve as a common reference for all space-based Earth observing sensors. Lunar calibration has the potential to achieve very high accuracy, leading to important capabilities for Earth remote sensing such as inter-calibration of instruments in satellite constellations and building climate data records. Practical use of the Moon for radiometric calibration requires a model to account for the continuously changing lunar brightness and that can accommodate the various viewing geometries of sensors’ Moon observations. The USGS ROLO lunar calibration system operates with a model for the disk-integrated irradiance at reflected solar wavelengths, developed …

Calcon: Radiometry & Sbir Test Capability Overview, Greg Matis

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Santa Barbara Infrared will present an infrared radiometer overview with radiometric concepts and figure of merits as related to SBIR’s spectro-radiometric test equipment and software capability. Topics include radiometry description, comparison of radiometric and thermometric measurement, why to use radiometric measurements and why all measurements are not radiometric. Some of the radiometric figures of merit that are discussed are Noise Equivalent Radiance (NER), Noise Equivalent Irradiance (NEI), Noise Equivalent Flux Density (NEFD), Noise Equivalent Power (NEP), and D* (specific detectivity).

Time-Orbiting-Potential Chip Trap For Cold Atoms, C. A. Sackett, J. C. Stickney

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

We present a design for an atom chip trap that uses the time-orbiting-potential technique. The design offers several advantages compared with other chip-trap methods. It uses a simple crossed-wire pattern on the chip, along with a rotating bias field. The trap is naturally close to spherically symmetric, and it can be modified to be exactly symmetric in quadratic order of the coordinates. Loading from a magneto-optical trap is facilitated because the trap can be positioned an arbitrary distance from the chip. The fields can be modified to provide a gradient for support against gravity, and the three-dimensional trap can be …

On Correspondences Between Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks On Finite Memory Automata And Classes Of Primitive Recursive Functions, Vladimir A. Kulyukin

Computer Science Faculty and Staff Publications

When realized on computational devices with finite quantities of memory, feedforward artificial neural networks and the functions they compute cease being abstract mathematical objects and turn into executable programs generating concrete computations. To differentiate between feedforward artificial neural networks and their functions as abstract mathematical objects and the realizations of these networks and functions on finite memory devices, we introduce the categories of general and actual computabilities and show that there exist correspondences, i.e., bijections, between functions computable by trained feedforward artificial neural networks on finite memory automata and classes of primitive recursive functions.

Research Development & Early-Career Faculty: Catalysts Of Change For Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In Stem, Monica Castañeda-Kessel, Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, Ryan Berke

Office of Research Faculty and Staff Publications

Problem Statement: Early-career science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) faculty members are often challenged when identifying authentic diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) goals, objectives, and tasks for their research grant proposals. Advancing DEI has not been one person’s job but rather the responsibility of a highly organized network within a system. Research development professionals have been and will continue to be critical resources for developing DEI plans and broadening participation. Their value is partly due to relationship-oriented processes that research professionals cultivate and shepherd as well as the inherently cross-disciplinary nature of the day-to-day work. Observation: In FY 19, 53% …

Equine Navicular Syndrome, Kylie Stephens, Karl Hoopes

All Current Publications

Equine navicular syndrome has a large effect on the horse industry by accounting for up to one third of all chronic forelimb lamenesses. While the exact cause and development of this disease is still widely controversial, there are noticeable and significant changes to the internal anatomy and structures that could contribute to the possible onset of lameness. Three main causes are proposed that could play a role in the progression of this syndrome: biomechanical forces, vascular alterations, and chronic inflammation. The clinical signs of navicular syndrome can range from short choppy strides to intermittent lameness, as well as gait changes …

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution From Aluminum Production For The Synthesis Of Biodiesel In Aqueous Medium, Sandro L. Barbosa, David Lee Nelson, Lucas Paconio, Moises Pedro, Wallans Torres Pio Dos Santos, Alexandre P. Wentx, Fernando L. P. Pessoa, Foster A. Agblevor, Daniel A. Bortoleto, Maria B. De Freitas-Marques, Lucas D. Zanatta

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Red mud (RM) is composed of a waste alkaline solution (pH = 13.3) obtained from the production of alumina. It contains high concentrations of hematite (Fe₂O₃), goethite (FeOOH), gibbsite [Al(OH)₃], a boehmite (AlOOH), anatase (Tetragonal–TiO₂), rutile (Ditetragonal dipyramidal–TiO₂), hydrogarnets [Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)_3-x(OH)_4x], quartz (SiO₂), and perovskite (CaTiO₃). It was shown to be an excellent catalytic mixture for biodiesel production. To demonstrate the value of RM, an environmentally friendly process of transesterification in aqueous medium using waste cooking oil …

Utah Florist Preferences For Local Cut Flowers, Kynda R. Curtis, Melanie Stock

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides crucial information on wholesale florist needs and preferences for local cut flowers. The information here will enhance the ability of current and potential cut flower growers to properly assess the profit potential of their decisions and assist with the long-term sustainability of their farming operations.

Five-Year Fidelity Assessment Of An Evidence-Based Parenting Program (Generationpmto): Inter-Rater Reliability Following International Implementation, Margrét Sigmarsdóttir, Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez, Abigail Gewirtz, Laura Rains, Jolle Tjaden, Marion S. Forgatch

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background Implementing evidence-based programs in community service settings introduces the challenge of ensuring sustained fidelity to the original program. We employ a fidelity measure based on direct observation of practitioners' competence and adherence to the evidence-based parenting program (EBPP) GenerationPMTO following installation in national and international sites. Fidelity monitoring is crucial, especially when the program purveyor transfers administration of the program to the community as was done in this case. In previous studies, the Fidelity of Implementation rating system (FIMP) was used to evaluate practitioners' fidelity to the GenerationPMTO intervention in six countries following implementation showing high levels of adherence …

Developments In Cold Atom Traps Alongside The Air Force Research Laboratory, Jonathan V. White

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

My internship was with the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Quantum Sensing Timing group. This group has been heading research into high-aspect ratio, direct-bonded copper substrates for the last 2 decades and have made major contributions to the field in terms of the maximum achievable gradients for micro-scale chip traps. Over the course of this paper, I will detail some of the basic formalism involved, give a little history, detail some improvements made over the last few years, and then end with using what I’ve learned to theory- craft a functional atom-chip utilizing best-practices. This chip’s theoretical limits will hit a …

When Is An Owl More Than An Owl? An Interaction Analysis Of A Computer Science Co-Design Conversation On Cultural Relevance, Stephanie M. Robillard, Victor R. Lee, Jody Clarke-Midura, Jessica F. Shumway

Publications

The learning sciences community is currently exploring new ways to enact productive and equitable co-design research-practice partnerships that are sensitive to all the concerns and needs of stakeholders. The paper contributes to that still-growing literature through an interaction analysis of a co-design discussion involving school district partners that unfolded about cultural relevance and sensitivity in relation to the use of a specific image in an elementary school coding lesson. The episode involved looking moment-by-moment at how district educators recognized and acknowledged that a specific design decision could be harmful for a minoritized population of students enrolled in the district. However, …