Digital Commons Network^™

Capstone: A Summary Of A Highly Successful Mission In The Cislunar Environment, Tom Gardner, Brad Cheetham, Jeff Parker, Alec Forsman, Ethan Kayser, Michael Thompson, Conner Ott, Lauren Demoudt, Michael Caudill, Matt Bolliger, Arlen Kam, Keith Thompson, Rebecca Rogers, Hannah Umansky, Brennan Bryant, Tomas Svitek

Small Satellite Conference

NASA, Advanced Space, Terran Orbital, Rocket Lab, Stellar Exploration, JPL, the Space Dynamics Lab, and Tethers Unlimited have partnered to successfully develop, launch, and operate the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) mission, which is serving as a pathfinder for Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NHRO) operations around the Moon. This low-cost, high-value mission has demonstrated an efficient, low-energy orbital transfer to the Moon and a successful insertion into the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO), the intended orbit for NASA's Gateway lunar orbital platform. The mission is now demonstrating operations within the NRHO that ultimately will serve …

Operations And Results From The 200 Gbps Tbird Laser Communication Mission, Kathleen Riesing, Curt Schieler, Bryan Bilyeu, Jesse Chang, Ajay Garg, Noah Gilbert, Andrew Horvath, Robert Reeve, Bryan Robinson, Jade Wang, Sabino Piazzolla, Abdullaah Tarif, Beth Keer

Small Satellite Conference

Since launch in May 2022, the TeraByte Infrared Delivery (TBIRD) mission has successfully demonstrated 200 Gbps laser communications from a 6U CubeSat and has transferred up to 4.8 terabytes (TB) in a pass from low Earth orbit to ground. To our knowledge, this is the fastest downlink ever achieved from space. To support the narrow downlink beam required for high rate communications, the payload provides pointing feedback to the host spacecraft to precisely track the ground station throughout the 5-minute pass. The space and ground terminals utilize fiber-coupled coherent transceivers in conjunction with an automatic repeat request (ARQ) system to …

Biosentinel: Mission Summary And Lessons Learned From The First Deep Space Biology Cubesat Mission, Matthew Napoli, Cheryle Kong, Jeffrey Homan, Jesse Fusco, Robert Nakamura, Mike Padgen, Shang Wu, Philip Shih, Mohammad Hejase, Sergio R. Santa Maria, Josh Benton, Dennis Heher, Terry Stevenson, Andres Dono Perez, Jose Alvarellos

Small Satellite Conference

Launched on Artemis I, BioSentinel carries a biology experiment into deep space for the first time in 50 years. A 6U CubeSat form factor was utilized for the spacecraft, which included technologies newly developed or adapted for operations beyond Earth orbit. The spacecraft carries onboard budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as an analog to human cells to test the biological response to deep space radiation. This was the maiden deep-space voyage for many of the subsystems, and the first time to evaluate their performance in flight operation.

Flying a CubeSat beyond LEO comes with unique challenges with respect to trajectory …

The First-Ever Asteroid Fly-By Performed By A Cubesat: Outcomes Of The Liciacube Mission, Eugenio Scarpa, Niccolò Battezzati, Sarah Ciaglia, Pasquale Tricarico, Biagio Cotugno, Emilio Fazzoletto, Gabriele Impresario

Small Satellite Conference

Transported onboard NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (in short, DART) spacecraft developed by Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), the Italian Space Agency (ASI) Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (in short, LICIACube) played a crucial role in the homonymous mission that took place in September 2022. Its main purpose has been to document the effects of the intentional impact of DART probe with Dimorphos, the minor-planet moon of the 65803 Didymos asteroid system. Along this first-ever planetary defense mission against Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), LICIACube successfully completed the first-ever asteroid fly-by performed by a CubeSat.

With a maximum Earth …

How Do Different Market-Oriented News Organizations Portray News Coverage About The Cares Act?, Michelle Rossi

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

Drawing from CARES Act news coverage, this study investigated how different market-oriented news organizations modulated the debate on the most expansive stimulus bill in modern U.S. history, released in 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic. A comparative approach was used, between news articles produced by a strongly market-oriented and a weakly market-oriented news outlet, both national news outlets, based in the United States. Using market theory as a guide to explore published news content, this study focuses on showing the range of debate, news sources, and journalistic role performances employed in coverage of the same topic, coming from differently funded newsrooms. …

Development Of A Kmno4 Catalyst-Infused Fuel Grain For H2o2 Hybrid Thruster Ignition Enhancement, Ryan Thibaudeau, Stephen A. Whitmore

Small Satellite Conference

Utah State University's patented High Performance Green Hybrid Propulsion (HPGHP) technology leverages unique dielectric breakdown properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), allowing re-start, stop, and reignition. HPGHP works most reliably using gaseous oxygen (GOX) as the oxidizer but has experienced ignition reliability and latency issues when replaced high test hydrogen peroxide (HTP), which has a significantly higher storage density. This deficiency results from HTP's high decomposition energy barrier. Traditionally, inline external catalyst beds or GOX pre-lead burns are used to overcome this energy barrier to achieve ignition; however, the extra hardware required for these systems have inhibited their adoption …

Thermal And Radiation Design Considerations For Cubesats In Low Lunar Orbit, Bruno Mattos, Lucas Anderson, Randy Jost, Charles Swenson, Denis Vieira, Renan Menezes

Small Satellite Conference

NASA's Artemis program is turning the attention back to the Moon. As an example of Artemis I, CubeSats can now be inserted into lunar orbits by ridesharing. Designers must become familiarized with the additional technical challenges of operating far away from the usual low Earth orbit (LEO) condition, especially regarding the lunar radiation and thermal environments. This paper analyzes the thermal environment loads for a spacecraft operating in a low lunar orbit (LLO) at 100km altitude with a fixed nadir-pointing orientation. A simplified thermal model is presented to assess the impact of the surfaces' thermal-optical properties and internal thermal resistances …

Lessons Learned From Operations Planning And Preparation For Equuleus Launched Toward The Moon By Sls Artemis-1, Shintaro Nakajima, Yosuke Kawabata, Ryota Fuse, Ryu Funase

Small Satellite Conference

EQUULEUS (EQUilibriUm Lunar-Earth point 6U Spacecraft) will be the world's smallest spacecraft to explore around the Earth–Moon Lagrange point, which was launched on November 16, 2022, by NASA's SLS (Space Launch System) Artemis-1. The primary mission of spacecraft is a trajectory control experiment, and its objective is to develop and demonstrate trajectory control techniques within the Sun-Earth-Moon region by flying to a libration orbit around the Earth-Moon Lagrange point L2 (EML2) along a low-energy transfer. EQUULEUS must perform a maneuver before the lunar flyby to stay within the Sun-Earth-Moon region. To perform DV1, we need to calculate and optimize the …

Autonomous Docking System For Assembly And Reconfiguration In Space For Small Satellites, Atheel Redah, Felix Sittner, Saurav Paudel, Sergio Montenegro

Small Satellite Conference

As the number of orbiting satellites has rapidly increased in the last few years, the need of space elements that can perform autonomous rendezvous and docking maneuvers with other orbiting elements for different application such as self-assembly and reconfiguration in space are become more pressing. The TAMARIW project is intended to demonstrate such capability for small satellites. This paper describes the project and the modules being developed to realize its objectives at the time of writing. It will also present the technologies and systems intended to be used for performing safe autonomous undocking/docking maneuvers. Additionally, the testing platforms being built …

Space Demonstration Of Two-Layer Pop-Up Origami Deployable Membrane Reflectarray Antenna By 3u Cubesat Origamisat-2, Gen Nakayama, Motoki Moritani, Takashi Tomura, Hiraku Sakamoto, Shuhei Koike, Taichi Oshino, Yoshiki Mitsumoto, Kazuki Nagai, Sora Kanamaru, Takumi Sato, Haruki Kurokawa, Soma Saito, Atsuki Ochi, Delburg Mitchao, Shinya Tamura, Yuki Takeda, Toranosuke Yanagi, Koichi Kidani, Kota Toyoda, Suk So Yeon, Mitsuhiko Yasuhara, Koudai Suzuki, Riku Maeda, Sota Kume, Atsushi Shirane, Kenichi Okada

Small Satellite Conference

3U CubeSat OrigamiSat-2 demonstrates a 50-cm × 50-cm two-layer pop-up Origami deployable membrane reflectarray antenna in space. The membrane has small stowage volume and high gain even though it has low flatness because of a large enough antenna area to cover its un-flatness. C-band transmitter is equipped in the CubeSat and offers 20-Mbps amateur satellite communication. In 3U size, a 1-m length deployable gravity gradient mast and magnetic torquer are equipped to stabilize and control its attitude. A camera is attached to the satellite to measure the shape of the membrane antenna. OrigamiSat-2 was selected as the Innovative Satellite Technology …

Windform® Xt 2.0 Use As 3u Cubesat Primary Structure, Amanda Stark, Andrew Paddock, Thuan Nguyen, Kurt Woodham

Small Satellite Conference

CubeSats provide a platform for small-scale space research and technology demonstration at reduced complexity, cost, and development time. These advantages drove the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) to develop and launch the GPX2 3U CubeSat to explore the viability of using Commerical Off-The-Shelf (COTS) differential Global Position System (dGPS) in low earth orbit. To reduce manufacturing costs and increase design flexibility, the project chose additive manufactured Windform® XT 2.0 as the primary bus material rather than traditional subtractive manufactured (milled) metal. The bus is a two-part, Selective Laser Sintered, 3D-print structure consisting of a single-piece, five-walled chassis and single-walled cover. …

The Lightsail 2 Solar Sailing Mission Summary, David A. Spencer, John M. Bellardo, Bruce Betts, Justin Mansell, Barbara Plante

Small Satellite Conference

The LightSail 2 mission concluded a 3-year mission in November 2022, having successfully demonstrated controlled solar sailing in low-Earth orbit using a CubeSat platform. Flight data show that LightSail 2 successfully controlled its orientation relative to the Sun, with sustained periods of apogee raising and increasing orbital energy. The LightSail 2 solar sail was 5.6 m on a side and has a total deployed area of 32 m². Four independent triangular aluminized Mylar® sail sections 4.6 microns thick were Z-folded and stowed into four sail bays. The sail segments were deployed by four 4 m Triangular Retractable And Collapsible booms …

Lessons Learned During Testing Through Commissioning Of The Joint Brazil-Us Sport Mission, Lidia Shibuya Sato, Luís Loures, Victor Costa, Rodolfo Wottrich, Ana Carolina Jeronymo, Herbi Júnior, Pedro Lyra Cabral, Renan Menezes, Mateus Oliveira, Thadeu Carvalho, Emerson Oliveira, Denis Vieira, Charles Swenson, Joseph Casas, Linda Krause, Joaquim Costa

Small Satellite Conference

SPORT is an international partnership mission between Brazil and the United States to study ionospheric space weather processes that occur at low latitudes. Operating a CubeSat on orbit is certainly one of the most exciting milestones of a CubeSat project, but it is only a part of the mission. To be able to achieve this milestone the efforts of the engineering team were focused late in the project on the integration, testing, and delivery followed by the on-orbit commissioning of the observatory. This paper details the major events and lessons learned by the SPORT team during these phases of the …

The First Chilean Satellite Swarm: Approach And Lessons Learned, Cristobal Garrido, Elías Obreque, Matias Vidal-Valladares, Samuel Gutierrez, Marcos Diaz Quezada, Carlos Gonzalez, Camilo Rojas, Tamara Gutierrez

Small Satellite Conference

SUCHAI 2, SUCHAI 3, and Plansat are three 3U CubeSats designed, manufactured, integrated, and tested by the Space and Planetary Exploration Laboratory at the University of Chile (SPEL). They were launched into space on April 1, 2022, aboard a D-Orbit ION platform. The ION deployer was carried into space on the SpaceX Falcon 9 Transporter 4 mission. The nanosatellites included payloads and experiments from several other national and international groups, all featuring different missions and configurations.

We developed the three CubeSats simultaneously. Some subsystems are the same, while others are specific to each satellite. They include scientific and technical payloads. …

A 100 W-Class Water-Vapor Hall Thruster For Constellations And Space Explorations By Smallsats, Kento Shirasu, Daigo Takasaki, Aoma Fujimori, Masayuki Matsuura, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Hokuto Sekine, Kimiya Komurasaki, Yuichi Nakagawa, Hiroki Watanabe

Small Satellite Conference

The laboratory models of a water-vapor Hall thruster and LaB6 thermionic cathode were developed and tested. To optimize the thruster design to water-vapor propellant, the geometrical investigation was conducted. After testing six different models, the smallest thruster, with an outer diameter of 20 mm, was found to be the most suitable for 100-W class operation. This thruster was able to be operated less than 100 W at 200 V. In addition, the discharge power was suppressed to 200 W even at 300 V. Based on the plume diagnostics, the thrust force of 2.9 mN, specific impulse of 650 s, and …

Capstone: Recovery & Operations Of A Tumbling Small Satellite In Deep Space, Hannah Umansky, Kyle Clarke, Rebecca Rogers, Austin Hannon, Jack Kelly, Tristan Latchu, Austin Williams, Brennan Bryant

Small Satellite Conference

The Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) satellite, deployed in July 2022, experienced a thruster anomaly in September 2022 during its Ballistic Lunar Transfer (BLT) into the Earth-Moon L2 Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). CAPSTONE's primary mission objective to achieve and maintain NRHO serves to validate the cislunar CONOPS contemplated for NASA's Lunar Gateway. Terran Orbital designed and built CAPSTONE, and serves as the operator of the on-orbit spacecraft. Advanced Space owns and operates the CAPSTONE payload and its software on behalf of NASA, as well as performs mission navigation and maneuver design.

This 12U+ lunar …

Inspiresat-1: A Year Of On-Orbit Operations, Amal Chandran, Thomas Woods, Richard Kohnert, Robert Sewell, Bennet Schwab, Spencer Boyajian, Priyadarshnam Hari, Aroshish Priyadarshan, Pratik Aher, Dhruva Datta, Anant Kandala, Loren Chang, Chi-Kuang Chao

Small Satellite Conference

INSPIRESat-1 (IS-1) was the first mission under the INternational Satellite Program In Research and Education (INSPIRE) program, a consortium of universities coming together to space science missions. IS-1 launched on February 14, 2022 at 00:30 UTC to a sun synchronous dawn-dusk orbit onboard the Indian Space Research Organization's PSLV C52 mission. The IS-1 spacecraft was primarily developed at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado with significant contributions from the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), NCU of Taiwan and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. The IS-1 carries two scientific instruments: …

Click-A: Optical Communication Experiments From A Cubesat Downlink Terminal, William Kammerer, Peter Grenfell, Jacob Harburg, Nicholas Belsten, Hannah Tomio, Paul Serra, Kerri Cahoy, Tim Brothers, Michael Person, Myles Clark, Dani Coogan, John Conklin, David Mayer, Jan Stupl, John Hanson

Small Satellite Conference

The CubeSat Laser Infrared CrosslinK (CLICK) mission is a technology demonstration of low size, weight, and power (SWaP) CubeSat optical communication terminals for downlink and crosslinks. The mission is broken into two phases: CLICK-A, which consists of a downlink terminal hosted in a 3U CubeSat, and CLICK-B/C, which consists of a pair of crosslink terminals each hosted in their own 3U CubeSat. This work focuses on the CLICK-A 1.2U downlink terminal, whose goal was to establish a 10 Mbps link to a low-cost portable 28 cm optical ground station called PorTeL. The terminal communicates with M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) …

Equuleus: Initial Operation Results Of An Artemis-1 Cubesat To The Earth—Moon Lagrange Point, Ryu Funase, Shintaro Nakajima, Yosuke Kawabata, Ryota Fuse, Hokuto Sekine, Hiroyuki Koizumi

Small Satellite Conference

EQUULEUS is a 6U CubeSat developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the University of Tokyo, aiming to reach the Earth-Moon second Lagrange point (EML2) and perform scientific observations there. After being inserted into a lunar transfer orbit by SLS Artemis-1 on November 16, 2022, the spacecraft completed checkout operations and successfully performed a delta-V maneuver and subsequent trajectory correction maneuver. This enabled a precise lunar flyby as planned and successful insertion into the orbit toward EML2, which will take advantage of multiple lunar gravity assists and the gravity of the Sun. EQUULEUS is equipped with a water …

Operations Systems Engineering For The Lunar Flashlight Mission, Michael Hauge, E. Glenn Lightsey, Mason Starr, Shan Selvamurugan, Graham Jordan, John Cancio, Conner Awald

Small Satellite Conference

Lunar Flashlight, a 6U CubeSat developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and operated by students at the Georgia Institute of Technology (GT), was launched in December 2022 with a mission to demonstrate novel small satellite technologies, including a first-of-its-kind green monopropellant system, and to map surface water ice in permanently shadowed regions of the lunar south pole using near-infrared laser reflectometry. As operations systems engineers, the GT team has maintained, developed, and refined models of spacecraft subsystems as well as coordinated the project's approach to anomaly response and fault protection. This paper reports how analysis of flight data and …

The Radfxsat-2 Mission To Measure Seu Rates In Finfet Microelectronics, Chloe A. Champagne, Brian D. Sierawski, Rebekah A. Austin, James M. Trippe, Kevin M. Warren, Andrew L. Sternberg, Robert A. Reed, Robert A. Weller, Eric Skoog, Gerald W. Buxton Iii, W. Burns Fisher, Robert Davis, Christopher E. Thompson, Mark L. Hammond

Small Satellite Conference

The RadFxSat-2 mission was launched January 17, 2021 with Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne under the NASA ELaNa-20 initiative. RadFxSat-2 carries a radiation effects payload designed to investigate single event upsets (SEUs) in sub-65 nm commercial memories, including a FinFET-based memory. Sub-65 nm technologies have demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to low-energy protons, but current models have not considered low-energy protons as a source of SEUs. Missions utilizing the latest commercial technologies could experience a higher error rate than predicted. RadFxSat-2 was designed to assess SEU rates for FinFET SRAMs operated in low-Earth orbit (LEO), a proton-heavy environment. Details of the mission and data …

Finding Tjreverb: A Crowdsourced Effort To Find A High School Cubesat, Kristen Kucko, Zichang (Amanda) Wang, Arthur Prudius, Khoi Dinh, Pranav Vadde, Anieesh Saravanan, Lucas Ribeiro, Kiran Donnelly, Alan Hsu, Jin Kang

Small Satellite Conference

This paper documents the team's process for finding the Thomas Jefferson Research and Education Vehicle for Radio Broadcasts (TJREVERB) with the help of the Amateur Radio community. The team attempted contacting the primary Iridium radio on TJREVERB for one week after it was deployed from the International Space Station but failed. The satellite did switch to its secondary radio, a SATT 4 APRS. However, the team was inexperienced and unprepared to contact the satellite using the SATT 4 APRS. Since we do not have access to an APRS ground station, we leveraged the help of twenty amateur radio volunteers from …

On The Challenges Of Reaching Pupils With Spacetech-Related Extracurricular Activities, David Freismuth, David Wagner, Raphael Behrle, Stephan Galavics, Patrick Kappl

Small Satellite Conference

Today's rapid progress in space exploration leads to a high impact on our society. Especially young people are highly affected by this fascination. Despite this large pool of curious pupils, it remains challenging to find entry points into space and aeronautic-related careers for them. Often, these topics seem to be out of reach for most pupils. Educational programs like AstroPi (offered by ESA) or High School Aerospace Scholars (offered by NASA) target this issue. However, those projects never get into contact with actual outer space and remain mostly theoretical. The goal of the mission "SpaceTeamSat1" and the CubeSat with the …

Inaugural Mission Concepts-1 Program, Jose L. Núñez, Jesse Olson, Beth Hemmerich, Norman L. Phelps, Shanessa Jackson, Emilia Colman, Sarah Fox

Small Satellite Conference

Learn about the innovative mission design collaboration between the Department of the Air Force Research Laboratory's University Nanosatellite Program (UNP) and NASA that will broaden access to space and strengthen the capabilities and knowledge of higher education institutions, faculty, and students. The presentation will include an overview of the inaugural program, summary of the activities conducted with participating universities, and plans for future programs.

Cfs Basecamp: A Flight Software Stem Education Ecosystem, David Mccomas, William Tandy

Small Satellite Conference

The open-source core Flight System (cFS) Basecamp ecosystem includes several cFS-based STEM educational projects and provides the infrastructure for users to create their own. Basecamp's tool suite and app repositories function much like a smartphone's App Store model. The initial cFS Basecamp installation includes several built-in tutorials that help users learn NASA's cFS application environment and shorten their path to productivity. Online resources describe Basecamp's goal-oriented software/hardware projects. These projects are designed so students understand how to create app-based solutions to meet a particular goal. This approach evolved after years of being engaged with teaching the cFS and learning which …

Model-Based Systems Engineering Education With Cubesat Education Kit "Hepta-Sat Lite", Ryusuke Iwata, Masahiko Yamazaki

Small Satellite Conference

In this study, we propose education using the CubeSat system education kit "HEPTA-Sat LITE" in order to learn Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practically. HEPTA-Sat LITE is a CubeSat system education kit that contains a satellite bus system including a microcomputer, battery, and sensor devices on a single 55mm x 55mm palm-sized board, and has an external power supply and communication interface, making it expandable and versatile. The kit has expansion boards such as a universal board and a breadboard, which can be connected to HEPTA-Sat LITE to easily install other devices. Therefore, participants can experience satellite system development from …

Growing The Local Space Workforce Through Synergistic Collaborations Of The Philippine Space Agency, Universities, And Private Industry, Julie Ann Banatao, John Leur Labrador, Adrian Salces, Manuel Del Rosario Jr., Gabriel Kevin Mabini, Daniel Fadi Rahayel, Floyd Ferrant Fortes, Elaiza Pontrias, Marc Caesar Talampas

Small Satellite Conference

For decades, space technology and applications development have been in the forefront of human advancement. To maximize the gains from these achievements, numerous countries have established space agencies to manage the growing space economy. However, for emerging space countries, the establishment of a space agency and a complementary space ecosystem proves to be a more complex and challenging task.

In this paper, we present a review of lessons learned in building up the local upstream space workforce in the Philippines through various projects spearheaded by the government, mostly through the Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA).

For the projects in collaboration with …

University-Class Spacecraft In 2023: More Missions, More Problems?, Michael Swartwout

Small Satellite Conference

A "university-class" mission is one where the training of the students is as least as important as the in-orbit results from the spacecraft. Since the University of Melbourne's Australis OSCAR 5 launched in 1970, nearly 300 universities around the world have built & launched 720 university-class spacecraft. But, most of these events are recent: more than half of these schools had their first launch in the last five years. Coincidentally, 5 years ago is the last time that a paper like this was presented at the conference. And thus it's worth updating the previous work with all these new data …

A New Approach To High Reliability Uhf Controllers, Chris Bull, Kerry Clapham, Robin Mcneill, Christopher Hann

Small Satellite Conference

Many available UHF antenna positioners lack reliability for high-intensity commercial use. Similarly, many UHF antenna controllers lack appropriate interfaces for remote and automated control.

We present a number of ways to simplify UHF ground station design and improve reliability. We also describe an improved antenna controller we have designed, with Ethernet connectivity, human- and machine-friendly interfaces, detailed metrics for fault diagnosis, and an improved control algorithm designed to minimise gearbox stresses and improve pointing accuracy.

Design Of The Hosted Software Application For The Visors Mission, Ebenezer Arunkumar, Antoine Paletta, Glenn Lightsey

Small Satellite Conference

The VIrtual Super Optics Reconfigurable Swarm (VISORS) mission is a distributed space telescope consisting of two 6U CubeSats that utilize precision formation flying to detect and study the fundamental energy release regions of the solar corona. The inherent complexities and risks associated with two spacecraft operating in close proximity, as well as the unique restrictions of the spacecrafts’ design, make careful autonomous execution crucial to the success of the mission. To address these challenges, this paper outlines the development of the Hosted Software Application (HSA) flight software which manages the Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) algorithms, the payload finite state …