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Does Inflation Tend To Perpetuate Itself? The Case Of Latin America, Ebrahim Harraf

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to test the existing theory which explains inflation as a result of its self-generating nature; (2) to investigate the contribution of foreign trade upon inflation; and (3) to test the casual relationship between the rate of inflation and the deficit. A system of four equations has been used to explain the relationship between the price level and the monetary expansion, between the rate of growth of the monetary base and the rate of the monetary expansion, the deficit and the monetary base, and, finally, between the deficit and the price level. As …

Predicting Digestibilities Of Alfalfa Hays With Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, David H. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-four alfalfa hays from different cuttings, maturities, and locations were fed to sheep in a digestion study. Subsamples of the hays along with corresponding fecal samples were ground and analyzed for dry matter, (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and permanganate lignin. In vivo digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined fro each hay.

The hay and fecal samples were scanned with a near infrared reflectance spectrophotometer. Chemical and digestible data for each hay and fecal sample were entered into the computer and separate multiple regression equations developed.

Fifteen other alfalfa hays with …

Coprecipitation Of Phosphorus With Calcium Carbonate In Bear Lake, Utah - Idaho, Paul W. Birdsey Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monitoring of Bear Lake was conducted in 1981 and 1982 to describe the current limnology and trophic state of the lake. The nutrient loadings of various parameters were measured from April, 1981 through June, 1982. The rate of coprecipitation of phosphorus was determined for different initial phosphorus concentrations by use of non-algal assays. Algal bioassays with Selenastrum capricornutum were used to determine the reduction in potential algal biomass as a result of the coprecipitation of phosphorus.

The lake exhibited chemical characteristics indicative of mesotrophy or eutrophy. Total phosphorus values averaged 11μg/1 for 1981 and 20 μg/1 for 1982. A hypolimnetic …

Analysis Of A Rocket-Borne Resonant Scatter System For Measurement Of Atomic Oxygen, Neil B. Myers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A computer model has been developed at Utah State University for interpreting the results of a rocket-borne resonant scatter measurement system using 1304 A radiation. Atomic oxygen densities are obtained from 65 to 140 km from three rocket flights. The resolution of the system is < 0.1 km, and considerable structure has been observed. The variety of shapes exhibited by the three profiles suggest a dynamic nature to atomic oxygen density profiles in the lower ionosphere. Maximum densities between 2.6 x 10¹¹ and 1.2 x 10¹² cm^-3 were observed at altitudes between 92 and 95 km.

Summary Of The Results Of Analysis Of Obsidian Artifacts From The Maya Lowlands, F. W. Nelson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The analytical method of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been used to analyze obsidian artifacts from Cerros, Belize and from Yaxchilan, Chiapas, Mexico. The results of these analyses are compared to the results of analysis of obsidian geologic sources using graphical and statistical methods in order to identify the probable source from which the obsidian for the artifacts came. These results are then summarized along with results of analysis by others of obsidian artifacts from several archaeological sites in the Lowland Maya area. Using these data, possible trade routes and how they may have changed through time have been postulated.

Foliar Penetration Of A Fungicide As Detected By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, C. R. Krause

Scanning Electron Microscopy

CU II hydroxide, (Cu(OH)₂) a fungicide, produces injury as a result of "chemical burn" or phytotoxicity on some plants. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize chlorosis on red maple leaves following foliar applications of Cu(OH)₂. Copper was located with X-ray mapping in foliar mesophyll cells of trees sprayed with Cu(OH)₂ but not in leaves of trees sprayed with distilled H₂O.

Computerized Microtomography In Scanning Electron Microscopy, A. Yu. Sasov

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Non-destructive methods of inner object structure reconstruction in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been studied. For specimens with a size of about 1 mm a spatial resolution of 10 μm has been achieved. The reconstruction is made from a project ion in X-ray radiation. Algorithms of conventional computerized tomography are used. The application of 3-dimensional reconstruction to different types of microobjects has been shown. As an example, microtomography of organic objects (grass grain, beetle head) and inorganic objects (semiconductor diode) has been carried out.

Geological Applications Of Ionization Lte Model In Laser Probe Mass Spectrometry, J. F. Eloy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Recently, the laser plasma ionization process of the laser Probe Mass Spectrograph permitted one to obtain quantitative information on the fluid inclusions and trace distributions in ores. Indeed laser ionization provides the physical conditions for a substantial application in the Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (LTE) model. Other geological information in the case of micro-analysis on the quartz, fluorite, and zircon has also been obtained.

Cyclic Deposition Of Calcium Salts During Growth Of Cholesterol Gallstones, Peter F. Malet, Norman E. Weston, Bruce W. Trotman, Roger D. Soloway

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Some cholesterol gallstones contain darkly pigmented centers or peripheral concentric pigmented bands. We examined the cross-sectional surface of three cholesterol gallstones which contained both central and peripheral pigmented areas with electron-probe microanalysis (EPM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) to determine the elemental composition of the pigmented regions. Linear EPM across the cross-sectional surface of the stones demonstrated that most of the pigmented regions of all three stones had high Ca and P signals; the nonpigmented intervening areas had markedly lower or no detectable Ca and P signals. In two of the three stones, high O signals coincided with the …

Scanning Electron Microscope Cytochemistry Of Blood Cells, D. Soligo, E. De Harven, E. Pozzoli, M. T. Nava, N. Polli, G. Lambertenghi-Deliliers

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The backscattered electron imaging (BEI) mode of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied to study various histo-cytochemical reactions in biological specimens since the early seventies. Due to numerous, recent technical improvements the BEI mode of SEM now belongs to the routine of many SEM laboratories.

For cytochemistry, BEI has been mainly used to: visualize intracellular structures and organelles; recognize the different cell types in heterogeneous populations or tissues; study the correlations between enzymatic activities and cell surface features.

We have evaluated the most relevant results obtained in the study of blood cells and the possible future applications of these …

Practical Applications Of Research: "Enough To Curdle Milk", Gary Haight Richardson

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is a privilege to be given this opportunity and a challenge to present material in a narrow discipline in a way that might be appreciated by many. I like to think I can relate to other disciplines. Although I came to Utah State University to be a music major, a concerned father foresaw that I might not earn a living in this area (he had heard me practice) and suggested an interview with A. 1. Morris before checking into the Music Department. A. 1., Head of the Dairy Manufacturing Department, was as convincing and persuasive as Tony Ernstrom is, …

Structural Changes In Mouse Small Intestinal Villi Following Lower Body Hyperthermia, H. M. H. Kamel, K. E. Carr, S. P. Hume, J. C. L. Marigold

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Heating an exteriorised loop of mouse small intestine resulted in marked changes in the shape of the villi as reported earlier. However, the exteriorisation techniques resulted in non-uniformity in both temperature and effect around circumference of intestine and, in addition, the extent to which handling contributed to the observed damage was not known. The work has therefore been extended using lower-body heating in the temperature range 37.5° - 43.0°C.

Heating in the temperature range 37.5° to 41.0°C produced minimal to moderate structural changes, manifested as scattered, vertically collapsed villi amongst predominantly "normal" villi. No villi showed conical or rudimentary forms …

An Estimate Of Utah's Food Balance, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

People in the state have been and continue to be concerned about various measures of self-sufficiency. Numerous studies have been undertaken in the recent past in an attempt to answer this question. ln a conference sponsored by Utah State University, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Agriculture, several authors (D. Liffereth; J. Andersen; A. LeBaron; and W. Park; 1981) attempted to deal with this issue from the perspective of total production potentil for the state relative to the state's needs for food products, where the food need was estimated as calories, net food energy, or some other basic biological …

An Empirical Note On The Effects Of Monetary Changes On The Price Level And Real Output, Basudeb Biswas, Peter J. Saunders

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

One of the key controversies in economic theory involves the effects of changes in the money supply on the price level and the economy's output. In this respect, two major opposing views can readily be identified: the monetarist view and the income expenditure view. Monetarists regard money as an independent source of economic disturbance. In their view, the money supply is exogenously determined and changes in it exert no lasting influence on any real economic variables. Keynesians, on the other hand, assert that under the conditions of unemployment, changes in the money supply may lead to permanent changes in real …

Integration Of X-Ray Microanalysis And Morphometry Of Biological Material, W. C. De Bruijn

Scanning Electron Microscopy

It was investigated how to extract both morphometrical and X-ray elemental information from scanning electron microscopical (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscopical (STEM)-images and how to integrate these two information streams either on line or off-line after storage.

Cytochemical reaction products in cell organelles in ultrathin sections are the biological structures of interest. In such organelles four different situations can be met: morphologically the structures are homomorph or heteromorph; chemically the elements are distributed either homogeneously or heterogeneously. A new program has been proposed and described, which permits determination of both the area and the mean net-intensity value of chemical …

Laverkin Springs, Utah On-Site Pretreatment And Desalting Processes Evaluations, R. J. Eisenhauer, Bureau Of Reclamation

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

During December 1979 through August 1980, pilot plants and laboratory facilities were operated at the LaVerkin Springs, Utah site to characterize the water and to evaluate various pretreatment processes and desalting processes. The pretreatment processes studied included aeration-precipitation, lime treatment, lime-soda ash treatment, and lime-ion exchange treatment. Desalting at 80 and 90 percent water recovery levels was studied with both electrodialysis and high pressure reverse osmosis process equipment. Also, a "spiractor" was evaluated at the site as a lime-soda ash reactor and as a calcium sulfate desupersaturator. Data and results obtained from the test program will be used for feasibility …

Valuing Wildlife Management: A Utah Deer Herd, John E. Keith, Kenneth S. Lyon

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Most current efforts in applying valuation methods to wildlife-related recreation have focused upon variables which are inappropriate to the majority of management decisions. Managers generally are concerned with increasing the stock of wildlife through habitat manipulation: The economic criteria for these decisions should be the value of a change in the stock of the wildlife population. An estimate of such a value was made for the Oak Creek deer herd in Utah, using a household production function approach in an optimal control framework. The value of an additional deer in the herd was estimated to be about $40.OO.

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 1, Spring 1985

Utah Science

1 POISON-IVY IN UTAH R. J. Shaw and M. C. Williams Conditions seem to favor the spread of this plant, now found in 17 of the state's 29 counties.

7 TRICHOMES: A POTENTIAL DEFENSE AGAINST GRASS BUGS W. F. Campbell and Y. H. Ling Insect-resistant grasses may be a practical method of controlling range pests and serve as the foundation for an integrated system of pest control.

10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR POTATOES T. W. Helms and J. L. Bushnell Better irrigation scheduling and disease control have markedly cut production costs and improved yields.

14 LIMITING EROSION ON FROZEN GROUND …

A Guide To William Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night" Or "What You Will", Deborah Morris

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

William Shakespeare's family came from the area surrounding Stratford-upon-Avon. William's father, John Shakespeare, was the son of a respectable farmer at Snitterfield, just a few short miles from Stratford. John arrived in Stratford with a moderate inheritance and set up business as a local merchant and landowner. He is described as being a wool dealer and a glover in Stratford. He purchased two houses; one in Green-hill Street and another in Henley Street.

In 1557, John married Mary Arden, daughter of a wealthy land owner, who brought with her an estate called "Ashbies" and an interest in two Snitterfield tenements. …

Potential Conjunctive Water Resources Use Plan For The Grand Prairie Region Of Eastern Arkansas, Ahmad Y. Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Amin Yazdanian

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The main objective of this study is to develop two conjunctive water use strategies that can satisfy maximum potential irrigation water demand in the Grand Prairie region of Arkansas. for climatically average growing seasons. To accomplish this. the potential irrigation demand in each 3 mile x 3 mile cell of the study area is first determined on a monthly and seasonal basis for average climatic conditions. The potential demand is also calculated for dry climatic conditions. although these latter demand figures are not used in developing the potential conjunctive water use strategies.

Microstructural Matrix-Crystal Interactions In Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Kidney Stones, J. Stacholy, E. P. Goldberg

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The role of the proteinaceous matrix in the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones is still not well understood. Simple scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been of somewhat limited value in visualizing the organic and inorganic microstructure due to difficulties in obtaining detailed structural information for cut or fractured surfaces.

To help clarify matrix-crystal microstructure, serial sections from 10-20 mm calcium oxalate calculi were partially demineralized with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and examined by SEM. Sections etched by EDTA showed a radial crystal structure composed of "microcrystal" subunits. Sections simultaneously EDTA etched and fixed with glutaraldehyde to insolubilize all matrix …

Near Edge Fine Structures On Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Core Loss Edges, C. Colliex, T. Manoubi, M. Gasgnier, L. M. Brown

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Core edges recorded in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) display a large variety of profiles. We have investigated several specific aspects concerning Energy Loss Near Edge Structures (ELNES) and emphasize the interest in a careful edge shape analysis to obtain refined microanalytical information, such as local symmetry. After indicating the general impact of EELS fine structures as compared to EDX and Auger spectroscopies we discuss the instrumental conditions required for recording satisfactory spectra and consider the theoretical problems which are involved in data interpretation. The major portion of this paper presents results for selected K, L23, M45 and N45 core …

Relationship Of The Surface Structure Of Metaphase Chromosomes To The Higher Order Organization Of Chromatin Fibers, K. W. Adolph, L. R. Kreisman

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has been utilized to determine how the surface structure of mitotic chromosomes is related to the organization of the 30 nm chromosomal fibers. SEM revealed the surfaces of isolated, HeLa cell chromosomes to possess a knobby substructure with chromosomes prepared for EM in buffers containing 0.5-1.5 mM Mg²⁺. These projections had substantially greater widths (65-70 nm) than the underlying chromatin fibers. Reducing the Mg ion concentration to 0.05-0.15 mM resulted in the further expansion of the chromosomes, which flattened the chromosomes for SEM so the fibers became …

Mineralogical Application Of The Ion Microscope Elementary Analysis, A. Havette

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The ion microscope is an instrument which allows the study "in-situ" of polished solid surfaces by means of analysis of secondary ions emitted by the sample, this one being bombarded with neutral or ionized particles.

This instrument is a mass spectrometer and an ion microscope. It is then possible to study elements and their isotopes (mass spectra, counting, isotope abundances...) and to know the distribution of these elements in an area of around one hundred micrometers. Molecular and multicharged ions can be superimposed to elementary ions. Two methods can be used to suppress them but, in any case, it results …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Tissues - An Examination Of Comparative Specimen Preparation Techniques Using Prostatic Tissue As A Model, J. A. Chandler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A number of reproductive tissues have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis for a large number of elements. These elements occur both free and with many different forms of binding to tissue proteins and cellular constituents. The prostate tissue studied here represents a glandular tissue with both parenchymal and stromal components having different cell types. While no general rule can be applied to the preparative technique for all tissues, it would seem that of all the methods examined here freeze substitution or the use of dehydration fluids combined with subsequent embedding offer the most promising compromise between cryoultramicrotomy and aqueous fixation.

The Importance Of Basis In Marketing Decisions, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The markets for live cattle and hogs have several characteristics that are different from those of most commodities traditionally traded in futures markets. These differences influence the kind of market performance that can be expected and may limit the degree of price protection available through hedging. They relate to or affect such things as the comparability of cash and futures market positions, the pricequality relationship existing in the cash markets and concept of basis.

Measurement Of Factors Affecting Crop Production, Terrence F. Glover

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

This paper is concerned with characterizing the effect that environmental and induced factors have on crop yields. In this sense, a framework is outlined which can be used to estimate the characteristics of the probability distribution function (pdf) of crop yields which may not be normal or log-normal as usually is assumed. The paper is methodological in nature, but several pieces of empirical work are being done under the sponsorship of the Utah Experiment Station, particularly modeling alfalfa yield response to changes in pest control and environmental factors which influence alfalfa yields. The methodological framework developed here is in the …

Safety Evaluation Report Related To The Renewal Of The Operating License For The Triga Training And Research Reactor At The University Of Utah, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office Of Nuclear Reactor Regulations

Radioactive Materials

This Safety Evaluation Report for the application filed by the University of Utah (UU) for a renewal of operating license R-126 to continue to operate a training and research reactor facility has been prepared by the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The facility is owned and operated by the University of Utah and is located on its campus in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah. The staff concludes that this training reactor facility can continue to be operated by UU without endangering the health and safety of the public.

Money-Income Causality: Further Empirical Evidence, Basudeb Biswas, Peter J. Saunders

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Theoretical discussion involving the relationship between stock of money and nominal income has dominated the field of monetary economics for many years. Within this relationship the question of exogeneity of money is critical. Theoretically, two major views concerning this subject can be readily identified: the monetarist view (based on the postulates of the Quantity Theory of Money) and the Keynesian or income expenditure view. Proponents of the endogeneity approach claim that since the stock of money is endogeneously determined, the causal flow from money to nominal income cannot be established. Consequently, any attempt to control the stock of money is …

Causality In Utah's Cattle Prices, Soumendra N. Ghosh, Donald L. Snyder, Deevon Bailey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Price fluctuations in any industry are a serious concern to the economic agents (decision makers) participating in that industry. This point becomes more critical if the industry is the principal one in any particular geographic area.