Digital Commons Network^™

Utah Nonpoint Source Pollution Education Activities For Grades 1-12, Kitt Farrell-Poe

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, Allen L. Gosser, Michael R. Conover, Terry A. Messmer

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

A Landowner's Guide To Common North American Predators Of Upland-Nesting Birds, Terry A. Messmer, Michael R. Conover, Raymond D. Dueser, Paul W. Klimack, Charles E. Dixon

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Preference For Flavoured Foods By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Administration Of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

We suggested that food preference depends on the interplay between flavour and post-ingestive effects, and we predicted that protein-restricted lambs would acquire preferences for foods paired with supplemental sources of N, including urea (Expts 1 and 2), casein (Expt 3), and gluten (Expt 4). In each experiment, twenty lambs, in two groups of ten, were conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received wheat straw (Expts 1, 3, and 4) or ground barley (Expt 2) flavoured with a distinctive flavour, and lambs in group 2 received the same food but with a different flavour. On even-numbered days, …

Preference For Wheat Straw By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Infusions Of Starch, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

We hypothesized that feed preference depends on the interplay between flavour and postingestive effects, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis: (1) lambs acquire preferences for poorly nutritious feeds paired with starch; and (2) preferences persist when starch is no longer administered. Twenty lambs were randomly allocated to two groups and conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received onion-flavoured wheat straw and lambs in group 2 received oregano-flavoured wheat straw. On even-numbered days, the flavours were switched and starch (2.5-9.4% of the digestible energy received/d) was infused into the rumen of all animals during …

Phasic Temperature Control Appraised With The Ceres-Wheat Model, Tyler Volk, Bruce Bugbee, Francesco Tubiello

Controlled Environments

Phasic control refers to the specification of a series of different environmental conditions during a crop's life cycle, with the goal of optimizing some aspect of productivity. Because of the enormous number of possible scenarios, phasic control is an ideal situation for modeling to provide guidance prior to experiments. Here we use the Ceres-Wheat model, modified for hydroponic growth chambers, to examine temperature effects. We first establish a baseline by running the model at constant temperatures from 10°C to 30°C. Grain yield per day peaks at 15°C at a value that is 25 % higher than the yield at the …

Final Environmental Impact Statement: Salmon River Corridor, U.S. Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

Documents the analysis conducted for the Salmon River Corridor. This corridor involves National Forest System lands within the Sawtooth National Forest. The analysis of the current condition of the Salmon River Corridor has found that existing conditions within the Corridor do not comply with the direction, standards and guidelines of the Sawtooth National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan or the intent of PL92-400 which established the Sawtooth National Recreation Area; The proposed action of this FEIS is to bring management of this corridor into compliance with the FLRMP.

Fourmile Timber Sale Final Environmental Impact Statement, United States Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

This Final Environmental Impact Statement documents the analysis of four alternatives, including a "no action" alternative, that were developed for the proposed Fourmile timber sale. The sale area is on the New Meadows Ranger District of the Payette National Forest. The alternatives respond differently to the major issues and resources that were identified for this project. The purpose of the project is to improve the silvicultural conditions of timber stands in the area. Harvest emphasis to accomplish this would include removing dead, dying, and high-risk trees to improve the long term health and vigor of timber stands.

Shirley Mountain Planning Review Travel Management Environmental Assessment, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

Environmental Assessments (WY)

The purpose of conducting the planning review is to analyze and weigh the benefits/consequences of changing the Off Road Vehicle (ORV) designation for the Shirley Mountain Planning Review Area from "limited to all existing roads and trails" to "limited to designated roads and trails only." Recommendations to reduce road density in the planning review area were made in the Shirley Mountain Habitat Management Plan, written in 1985 and also in the Wyoming Game and Fish (WGFD) Shirley Mountain Habitat Analysis, written in 1994. The BLM, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the private land owners on Shirley Mountain formed a …

Final Environmental Impact Statement Cave Gulch-Bullfrog-Waltman Natural Gas Development Project, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Land Management

Final Environmental Impact Statements (WY)

The Final EIS in combination with the previously released Draft EIS and associated technical support documents analyze a proposal by the Cave Gulch-Bullfrog-Waltman operators to continue to drill additional development wells in their leased acreage within the Cave Gulch-Bullfrog-Waltman natural gas development area (approximately 25,093 acres) of central Wyoming. The Cave Gulch-Bullfrog-Waltman operators include Barrett Resources Corporation, Chevron USA Production Company, Marathon Oil Company, Prima Oil and Gas Company, and other oil and gas companies (collectively referred to as the Operators).

Environmental Assessment For Coal Planning Decisions In The Carbon Basin Area Of The Great Divide Resource Area, United States Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Land Management

Environmental Assessments (WY)

In 1982, a federal coal lease was issued for approximately 60% of the federal coal lands located in the Carbon Basin. Because this lease was still in effect at the time the current BLM land use plan (the Great Divide Resource Area Resource Management Plan-RMP-1990) covering the Carbon Basin area was prepared, it was exempt from the coal screening/planning requirements. However, development of this lease was never pursued and the lease expired in 1992. Also at the time the Great Divide RMP was prepared, there was no other interest expressed by industry in obtaining federal coal leases in the area. …

Seniority And Productivity In The Academic Labor Market, Christopher B. Barrett, Deevon Bailey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Following the recent exchange between Ransom and Hallock, we examine the determinants of faculty salaries and find that once one controls for productivity indicators, seniority appears to have a significant effect on faculty salaries. Simply put, productivity pays and there is no evidence of university monopsony power. Faculty salaries are almost solely determined by academic discipline, rank, and productivity, as manifest by grantsmanship activity and the elicitation of competing offers from other universities. Perhaps surprisingly, once one controls for grants won and rank, both of which appear to be influenced by a faculty member's publication rate, published research appears to …

Stochastic Food Prices And Slash-And-Burn Agriculture, Christopher B. Barrett

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

This paper explores the interrelationship between poverty, risk, and deforestation by small farmers in the low-income tropics. A nonseparable household model reveals how exogenous shocks to the mean or variance of a food price distribution affect peasants' incentives to clear forest. The resulting links between food price policy, farmer behavior, and deforestation offer an innovative explanation of the vicious cycle of peasant immiserization and tropical deforestation. An intriguing, testable hypothesis also emerges: market-oriented reforms that increase the mean and variance of food prices may inadvertently stimulate deforestation in economies in which a sizable proportion of farmers are net buyers.

An Optimal Stopping Approach To The Conservation Of Biodiversity, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

In the past two decades, a considerable amount of concern has been expressed in academic and in nonacademic circles about the decline in the world's diverse biological resources. Recently, Swanson (l995b) has suggested that the problem of biodiversity loss is really a problem of regulating the natural habitat conversion process in which naturally existing species have systematically been replaced by human chosen ones. In this way of looking at the problem, a decision maker's central task is to determine the optimal point at which this conversion process should be halted. In this paper, I show how the theory of optimal …

A Novel In Vitro Model To Study The Calcification Of Biomaterials, Q. Liu, J. Weng, J. G. C. Wolke, J. R. De Wijn, C. A. Van Blitterswijk

Cells and Materials

A novel in vitro model based on a solution mainly composed of sodium, calcium, chloride and phosphate ions, was developed to study the calcification of biomaterials at near physiological conditions. This model, due to its ability to quickly calcify the tested materials, is called Accelerated Calcification Solution (ACS). Polyactive ™ 30170, Polyactive™ 70/30 and its composites with nano-apatite were used as testing materials because of their known calcification behaviour. The results showed that Polyactive™ 70/30 and its composites could calcify in ACS in a relatively short period, while the polymer without filler failed to induce calcium phosphate precipitation in more …

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration And Functional Nerve Recovery After Reconstruction With A Thin-Walled Biodegradable Poly(Dl-Lactide-Ε-Caprolactone) Nerve Guide, M. F. Meek, W. F. A. Den Dunnen, H. L. Bartels, A. J. Pennings, P. H. Robinson, J. M. Schakenraad

Cells and Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate functional nerve recovery after reconstruction of a 1 em gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat, with a thin-walled biodegradable poly(DLLA-ε-CL) nerve guide. To evaluate both motor and sensory nerve recovery, walking track analysis and electrostimulation tests were carried out after implantation periods ranging from 3 to 26 weeks post-operatively. The first signs of functional nerve recovery could already be observed after 5 weeks. From the histological analysis, it could be concluded that most of the thin-walled nerve guides had collapsed. Despite collapsing, functional nerve recovery was relatively good after 26 …

Winter Activity Patterns Of American Martens (Martes Americana): Rejection Of The Hypothesis Of Thermal-Cost Minimization, Gary S. Drew, John A. Bissonette

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (Martes americana) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity of 7 martens. A log-linear model suggested that the presence or absence of light was the only factor associated with marten activity patterns (p < 0.001). A regression of the percentage of active fixes on ambient temperature failed to detect an association (b = -4.45, p = 0.084, n = 12). Contents of marten seats suggested that their activity was consistent with the prey-vulnerability hypothesis. While martens must balance multiple life requisites, their activity patterns suggest that they accept increased thermal costs in order to increase foraging efficiency. However, the nocturnal activity of martens during winter was also consistent with the hypothesis that they may be able to limit their own exposure to predation risk. The nocturnal habits of Newfoundland martens in the winter were consistent with the hypothesis of avoidance of predation risk.

Record Of Decision Open Road And Open Motorized Trail Travel Plan, Targhee National Forest, United States Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose and need of this Travel Plan is to offer a balanced range of motorized road and trail related recreation opportunities in the Forest that is consistent with the management prescriptions adopted in the Revised Forest Plan. These prescriptions include standards for the miles of open roads and motorized trails allowed per square mile. This Travel Plan shows which roads and trails will remain open to meet these road and trail density standards.

Record Of Decision Final Environmental Impact Statement (Feis) For The Revised Forest Plan, Targhee National Forest, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Record of Decisions (ID)

The Targhee National Forest covers approximately 1.8 million acres (this includes the portion of the Caribou National Forest which is administered by the Targhee). The majority of the forest lies in eastern Idaho and the remainder in western Wyoming. Situated next to Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, the forest lies almost entirely within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Final Environmental Impact Statement 1997 Revised Forest Plan Targhee National Forest, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

This Final Environmental Impact Statement documents the analysis of seven alternatives, which were developed for possible management of the 1.8 million acres administered by the Targhee National Forest in Idaho and Wyoming. Alternatives developed in detail are identified as 1, 2, 3, 3M, 4, 5 and 6. Alternative 3-M is the Forest Service's Selected Alternative. This FEIS has been prepared following public review periods for the DEIS and Proposed Revised Land and Resource Management Plan, during which approximately 12, 000 comments were received from 2,300 individuals or organizations.

Appendix A Response To Public Comments Volume Ii, Targhee National Forest 1997 Revised Forest Plan, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

Includes the Counties of Bonneville, Butte, Clark, Fremont, Jefferson, Lemhi, Madison, and Teton of Idaho and Lincoln and Teton Counties of Wyoming.

Final Environmental Impact Statement For Management Of The High Uintas Wilderness, United States Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Final Environmental Impact Statement analyzes four alternatives to amend the Ashley and Wasatch-Cache National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (Forest Plan) to include Desired Future Condition for mapped Condition Classes with accompanying indicators and standards for the High Uintas Wilderness. The No Action Alternative is analyzed in depth, also. Significant issues considered include effects of human overuse on ecosystem components, the extent visitor experience is impacted by rules and regulations, the extent visitor solitude is impacted by other users, structures and resource impacts, the extent trails meet wilderness objectives, the threat of human and animal waste to water …

Utah Science Vol. 58 No. 2, 1997

Utah Science

2 FOOD FOR THOUGHT

5 POISONOUS PLANTS: AT HOME ON THE RANGE

8 FOOD "SPEAKS OUT" IN WASHINGTON

14 SPEEDING UP NATURAL SELECTION

16 SOMETHING TO CHEW ON

18 EVERY BEE A QUEEN

Fertilization Of An Oligotrophic Lake With A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Predicting The Effect On Primary Productivity, H. P. Gross, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Phaedra E. Budy, Chris Luecke

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We investigated how epilimnetic fertilization would affect chlorophyll levels and light penetration of oligotrophic sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) lakes and how the resulting self-shading would affect primary production of the prominent deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of the lakes. Epilimnetic nutrient additions to large mesocosms (330 m3) in Redfish Lake, Idaho, increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Redfish Lake and other Sawtooth Valley (Idaho) lakes had DCM in which the mean chlorophyll a peaks were 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations. The DCM existed at low …

Hydroacoustic Assessment Of Abundance And Diel Distribution Of Sockeye Salmon And Kokanee In The Sawtooth Valley Lakes, Idaho, D. Beauchamp, Chris Luecke, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. G. Gross, Phaedra E. Budy, S. Spaulding, R. Dilenger, C. P. Gubala

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We used dual-beam hydroacoustics and echo integration techniques, combined with midwater trawling and gillnetting, to assess the abundance and distribution of the endangered Snake River juvenile sockeye salmon and resident kokanee (both Oncorhynchus nerka) in Sawtooth Valley lakes of Idaho during September 1991 and 1992. Abundance of O. nerka varied among the four lakes containing this species (12,500–257,000) and varied between years in Redfish Lake (86,400 in 1994 and 241,000 in 1992) and Alturas Lake (230,000 in 1991 and 257,000 in 1992). In Alturas Lake, where piscivore densities were high and zooplankton densities were low, small acoustic targets (≤18 cm …

Comparison Of The Aquatic Ecology Of Side-Canyons And The Main Channel Of Lake Powell 1997, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Kirsten L. Gallo

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Physical characteristics of lakes are highly interrelated with biological characteristics. We measured and analyzed the physical characteristics of two side canyons in order to better understand differences in productivity between side canyons and the main channel and to provide general information on the characteristics of the lake.

Parade Of Presidents, John L. Artz

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Roles Of Harsh And Fluctuating Conditions In The Dynamics Of Cological Communities, P Chesson, Nancy J. Huntly

Biology Faculty Publications

Harsh conditions (e.g., mortality and stress) reduce population growth rates directly; secondarily, they may reduce the intensity of interactions between organisms. Near-exclusive focus on the secondary effect of these forms of harshness has led ecologists to believe that they reduce the importance of ecological interactions, such as competition, and favor coexistence of even ecologically very similar species. By examining both the costs and the benefits, we show that harshness alone does not lessen the importance of species interactions or limit their role in community structure. Species coexistence requires niche differences, and harshness does not in itself make coexistence more likely. …

Evidence That Elevated C02 Levels And Indirectly Increase Rhizosphere Denitrifier Activity, John M. Stark, D. Smart, K. Ritchie, Bruce Bugbee

Biology Faculty Publications

We examined the influence of elevated CO2 concentration on denitrifier enzyme activity in wheat rhizoplanes by using controlled environments and solution culture techniques. Potential denitrification activity was from 3 to 24 times higher on roots that were grown under an elevated CO2 concentration of 1,000 micromoles of CO2 mol-1 than on roots grown under ambient levels of CO2. Nitrogen loss, as determined by a nitrogen mass balance, increased with elevated CO2 levels in the shoot environment and with a high NO3- concentration in the rooting zone. These results indicated that aerial CO2 concentration can play a role in rhizosphere denitrifier …

Optimal System Design Of In-Situ Bioremediation Using Parallel Recombinative Simulated Annealing, Horng-Jer Shieh, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a simulation/optimization model combining optimization with BIOPLUME II simulation for optimizing in-situ bioremediation system design. In-situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater has become widely accepted because of its cost-effective ability to achieve satisfactory cleanup. We use parallel recombinative simulated annealing to search for an optimal design and apply the BIOPLUME II model to simulate aquifer hydraulics and bioremediation. Parallel recombinative simulated annealing is a general-purpose optimization approach that has the good convergence of simulated annealing and the efficient parallelization of a genetic algorithm. This is the first time that parallel recombinative simulated annealing has been applied to groundwater management. …