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Utah Science Vol. 27 No. 4, December 1966

Utah Science

The Station serves us all - editorial, Director K. W. Hill 119

Food is a science at USU, Lois Cox 120

New tanning helps golfers 123

How to develop and use water - Utah's life blood, Alvin Bishop 124

Climate - the pulse of life, Gaylen l. Ashcroft, George W. Reynolds, and E. Arlo Richardson 129

Ornamentally yours, Bernard G. Wesenberg 132

Droppings, saliva spread leukosis 134

The mysteries of nutrition, Ethelwyn B. Wilcox 135

Where and why does Mrs. Murphy buy? Roice H. Anderson 136

New yearbook of agriculture now printed 137

Plant science and space exploration, Frank B. …

Utah Science Vol. 27 No. 2, June 1966

Utah Science

Use alfalfa-intermediate wheatgrass where water is limited up-grading irrigated pastures, by Keith R. Allred 47

New canal sealer clings to concrete 51

Insecticides in animals - their storage and interactions, by Joseph C. Street 52

USDA developing leaf harvester to strip alfalfa 54

Pruning bearing trees and rejuvenating old trees, by David R. Walker, J . LaMar Anderson, and Anson B. Call, Jr. 55

Bees fed pathogens 58

Native browse and broadleaf herb seed production - on cultivated land, by Gordon A. Van Epps 59

Maintaining quality in fresh product, by D. K. Salunkhe, L. E. Olson, B. N. Wankier, …

Use Of Uric Acid Analysis To Evaluate Chalcid Infestation In Alfalfa Seed, Gary M. Booth

Biology

The production of alfalfa seed is a major agricultural industry in various parts of the world, including the United States. One of the most serious pests of alfalfa seed is the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsii. The female chalcid destroys the seed by ovipositing in young alfalfa seed that is about nine days old. The egg hatches into a white larva in about four days. During the course of larval development, it devours virtually everything in the seed. When the chalcid completes its last or fourth larval instar, the insect may follow one of two alternatives of development: (1) …

Bioassay Evaluation Of Heptachlor, Telodrin And Diazinon Using Cache Valley Populations Of The Alfalfa Weevil, Lan Lin Wu

Biology

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), is an insect of European origin which by some unknown means was introduced into Utah (Titus 1910). It is the most destructive pest of alfalfa in the United States although locally others may be more serious. The female inserts her eggs into the alfalfa stems during the spring months. The larvae feed on the developing leaf buds and the leaves, often completely stripping the plants. The weevil destroys from seven to eight percent of the alfalfa in Utah each year. It costs alfalfa growers in the United States several millions of dollars in annual …

Topography Of The Cephalic Musculature And Nervous System Of The Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Linnaeus, Nabil N. Youssef

Biology

Fixed heads of workers, drones and queens of Apis mellifera Linnaeus were dissected under distilled water for the study of two tissues: the musculature and the nerve mass. Musculature: The movable and fixed points of muscle attachment were utilized in establishing a nomenclature for muscles to replace those in current usage which depend on various combination of topography, function, and numerical sequence. The present system proved to be consistent and useful for demonstrating the criteria of homology among muscles. Names were devised in classical Greek and Latin for international usage. For establishing muscle homology, every cephalic muscle of the …

The Biology Of Euphytomima Nomiivora James (Diptera:Sarcophagidae), A Parasite Of The Alkali Bee, Nomia Melanderi Ckll., Mohammad Javad Moradeshaghi

Biology

Euphytomima nomiivora James is a sarcophagid fly belonging to the sub-family Miltogramminae . It was first found as a parasite of the alkali bee in Logan, Utah in 1947 by Dr. George E. Bohart who sent several specimens to Dr. Maurice James of Washington State University for determination. Dr. James (1955) described it as a new genus and species but noted that it had previously been collected from other localities such as Imperial County, California and Globe, Arizona. In Logan it was found at an alkali bee nesting site near the Cache-Logan Airport. Later it was introduced to an artificial …

Behavioral And Physiological Changes In House Mice Associated With Sound Deprivation, Clifford A. Meyers

Biology

The development of sensory organs for the reception of external stimuli has clearly been of importance in the evolution of animal life. In part, through natural selection, these organs have increased in complexity and efficiency to the present level seen in mammals and birds. Differences in the physical nature of the sensory stimuli facilitated the development of specifically different organs, each mode of stimulation being of some importance to the animal; yet the relative importance of these modalities depended and depends on the animal-habitat unit.

Comparison Of Temperature Influenced Mutants In Drosophila Melanogaster, Sandra H. Ely

Biology

Developmental similarities between two eye abnormalities of Drosophila melanogaster, which had been detected in different laboratories, were indicated when the written description of each were compared. For experimental comparison, an exchange was made between the stock carrying the temperature-sensitive eye mutant "scarp", discovered by Hansen and Gardner (1962) at Utah State University, and the mutant “witty”, discovered by Whitten (1964) at the University of Tasmania. Scarp is expressed as a horizontal depression and a reduction in the ventral one-third of the compound eye when flies carrying the gene (scrp) in homozygous condition are reared at temperatures above …

Preliminary Studies Of Germination Requirements Of Shadscale Atriplex Confertifolia Torr. And Ferm. Wats, Ijaz Hussain

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Shadscale (Atriplex confertilolia (Torr. and Frem.) Wats.) is an important component of the salt-desert-shrub vegetation type in the intermountain region. This species dominates a large portion of the 41 million acres occupied by this vegetation type. Shapscale reaches greatest importance at lower elevations of Utah and Nevada, where despite the low productivity due to its harsh habitat, this vigorous shrub furnishes considerable winter grazing for sheep and cattle. Gates et al. (1966) have observed that poor drainage conditions, coupled with low precipitation, results in the concentration of salts, a chief habitat factor determining the growth and distribution of this species. …

Man And His Water Resource, Dean F. Peterson

Faculty Honor Lectures

Several preceding honor lectures have dealt with water. The title of a recent one, "Water and Man," by Dr. Sterling Taylor closely resembles the one for this paper. Dr. Taylor's paper dealt primarily with the physical science of water. This one will consider the nature of the use of water by man and the technological and institutional structure related to that use. Thus there should be no serious overlap. My friends in the social sciences may be surprised, too, to find that somehow this lecture has spilled over into their territory. But engineering is the implementation of science and technology. …

Molt Patterns In The Great Basin-Pocket Mouse, Perognathus Parvus, R. Lynn Speth

Biology

Studies of the patterns and sequences of molts in rodents are too few to permit generalizations concerning the taxonomic or ecologic significance of these phenomena. Noteworthy studies of the molts of Thomomys umbrinus (Morejohn and Howard, 1956), Peromyscus boylii (Brown, 1963), Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Gottschang, 1956), Microtus californicus (Ecke and Kinney, 1956), and Dicrostonyx (Hansen, 1959) have utilized live-trapped captive animals. However, most reports in the literature have been based upon the examination of prepared study skins, and these data have been summarized by Ecke and Kinney (1956) and Morejohn and Howard (1956). To date the molts and pelages of …

Chromatographic And Spectrophotometric Studies Of Sodium Yeast Metabolism, Walter M. Neville

Biology

The general problem of discovering the role of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) ions in cell metabolism and physiology has been investigated in many ways. The development by Conway and Moore (1954) of a yeast that had a reversed intracellular Na and K ion concentration opened a new approach to the investigation of Na and K effects on intermediary metabolism. This yeast with a Na and K ion reversal (i.e., a high Na and low K intracellular concentration) is called a sodium-rich yeast (Na-yeast).

Rearing Media For The Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Robert G. Jones

Biology

Laboratory rearing of economically important insects such as the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is important. Both basic and applied laboratory research depend on a readily available source of insects. This need is most easily met by laboratory insect colonies which can be maintained and drawn upon for the entire year.

Biological Studies Of The Parasites And Predators Of The Alfalfa Weevil With Particular Reference To The Effects Of Selected Insecticides, Robert R. Perkes

Biology

The alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) was first observed in the United States in 1904 on a farm in Salt Lake City, Utah (Titus, 1907). Since that time, it has spread to 40 of the states in the Union and two provinces of Canada (USDA Leaflet 368, 1965). The alfalfa weevil is recognized as the most serious pest of alfalfa in this country, and for many years has caused millions of dollars of damage to the alfalfa industry in America (Sorensen, 1934). Since the introduction of the alfalfa weevil into Utah, various methods of control have been employed to stop …

Graduate Recital, Barbara J. Miller

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

It is traditional in a master's recital for violin to include representative works from the Baroque, Classical, Romantic and/or Modern periods. Further, it is customary that the Baroque selection be one of the unaccompanied Bach sonatas or partitas . The program selected in this graduate recital conforms to these standards and to the recommendations of my violin professor, Mr . Richard G. Strawn.

To understand these customs that have developed for violin master'• recitals, it is important to consider the violin literature to see how the forms have varied in the different historical periods. Each new form has brought new …

Team Teaching In Secondary School Science: Techniqeus In Large And Small Group Instruction And The Use Of Para-Professionals, Berlin C. Jensen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In team teaching there are considerations that are basic to conducting a successful learning experience. In large and small group instruction certain techniques are used that can reduce the tension and anxiety of the team teacher. Just how these techniques are used will vary for the individual team teacher. How to secure and use para-professionals are also basic considerations in a team teaching program. According to this survey certain techniques can be effectively used in large groups (1). The school plant itself has undergone a remarkable change, Newly constructed schools can now accommodate larger and more effective classes, or the …

The Content Of Preschool Children's Original Stories, Danae Elaine Dana

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The early years of childhood are characterized by new ideas; experimentation; the building of relationships; fears, both real and imagined; and play, through which the child tries to assemble these experiences into a meaningful whole. The early years are an exciting, complex and vibrant time of learning while the child grows in his understanding of himself and the world around him.

A Study Of Adolescents' Reactions To Temporary Absences From Home In A Crisis Situation, Imogene Ward Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study is a description of the reactions of adolescents, who had opportunities for independence and growth toward maturity as a result of a crisis situation.

Special consideration is given to (a) the variety of heroic and realistic experiences had during the flood; (b) personal and social adjustments in the unique setting of dormitory living (separated from families); and (c) the academic achievements in the emergency learning situation.

Streaming Current And Streaming Potential Induced By Water Flow Through Porous Media, Mohamed M. I. Abaza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to investigate analytically and experimentally the relationship between the rate of flow of water through porous material and the streaming current and streaming potential induced by this flow. The effect of dissolved salts in the permeating solution and the size of the soil particles was also investigated.

Results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:

1. A modified procedure using the appropriate delay to insure stead state conditions was used for the measurements of both streaming current and streaming potential.
2. The flow-pressure relationship was the same irrespective of the counter electro-osmosis (resulting from the streaming …

The Influence Of Organic Matter And Ph On Transformations Of Nitrites To Elemental Nitrogen, Mohammad A. Rashid

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen occupies an important and prominent place in plant and animal nutrition. Large quantities are required by plants and must be available in the soil. Recently the use of nitrogenous fertilizers has increased manyfold. In view of the importance of this element in crop production, even greater use is anticipated in the coming years. In order to make full use of the applied nitrogen, continued investigations of soil-nitrogen relationship are imperative; however, this element presents many complex and challenging problems to investigators.

Behavior Patterns Of The Adult Alfalfa Weevil In Cache Valley, Utah, J. Wanless Southwick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), was first found in the United States in Salt Lake City, Utah, during 1904 (Titus, 1910b). It spread form this point of original introduction and partially infested Cache Valley by 1912 (Titus, 1913).

The Initiation Of Infection By Dna From Bacteriophage Lambda, Gerald D. Elseth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from bacteriophage λ can infect Escherichia coli K12 in the presence of adsorbed helper phage (Kaiser and Hogness, 1960; Kaiser, 1962). The manner in which λ DNA enters the cell and the possible role of helper phage in the penetration process is still not clear. Kinetic studies conducted in this laboratory during the initial stages of infection by λ DNA demonstrate a requirement for helper function during the penetration of an infectious molecule. Further investigation into this problem is needed and was the major objective of this study.

A Study Of The Function Of Visual Imagery, Type Of Mediator, And Associative Frequency In Induced Mediation Paradigms, Ted Christiansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bugelski and Sharlock (1952) credit McGeoch with saying that although the concept of mediation was an old one, it had generated more discussion than experimentation. Bugelski and Sharlock in commenting on McGeoch's statements had this to say, "The concept of mediation is of great potential value for the psychological analysis of learning, thinking, and insight." (Bugelski and Sharlock, 1952, p. 334) The views of Bugelski and Sharlock represent the current thinking in verbal learning circles relevant to the importance of mediation in symbolic forms of behavior. The experimental emphasis, at the present time, is upon the conditions underlying the process. …

The Preschool Child's Concept Of God, Linda Thompson Saxton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The setting is a cheerful nursery school room bustling with activity and lively three and four year old children. Sally, Tom, and Dick are building with blocks and are busily engaged in conversation regarding who is "boss" of the project.

"I'm the boss," states Sally emphatically.

''No, I'm the boss." retorts Dick with just as much enthusiasm.

"Did you know that God is boss of the whole world?" questions Tom thoughtfully. So we see one more example of the tremendous task of reaching for and of gathering in facts and experiences in the environment in order to create some semblance …

Influence Of A Male Or Female Teacher On Sex-Role Preferences Of The Pre-School Child, Mary Jane Mecham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary function of a nursery school is to educate children, or to provide opportunities for them to learn about their environment, their relationships, and their own selves. The most crucial part of the learning situation in the nursery school is the teacher, whose task it is to promote learning through provision of a variety of experiences by means of which children can discover themselves and begin to relate to the world and to other people.

Cholesterol Levels In Serum And 5Β – Pregnane – 3Α,20Α - Diol In Urine Of University Students, Gertrude Kuei-Shu Chiang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since there is a high incidence of coronary heart disease in humans of middle-age and older in the United States, and the mortality of this disease is still increasing, a great deal of research has been done in this field. Although many theories have been formulated concerning the cause of atherosclerosis, it is a very complex disease, and appears to be influenced by many factors. Disturbed lipid metabolism is widely believed to be involved in the development of the vascular lesions found in arteriosclerosis, although the nature and origin of the disturbance is unknown. The mechanism for the elevation of …

Estimating Forage Production Following Pinyon-Juniper Control: A Probabilistic Approach, Terrence F. Glover

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An important management practice within the 60-80 million acres of Pinyon-Juniper woodlands is to convert these woodlands to open rangelands. The success or failure of seedling adapted grasses in place of trees is contingent upon the revegetation techniques employed and upon fortuitous weather patterns. In order to formulate policy for Pinyon-Juniper control decisions, persons responsible for such policies need to know the risks of introducing range grasses into given areas. This thesis is essentially a hypothesis concerning the magnitude of such risks.

Potentiometric Measurement Of Sodium Chloride In Cheese, Seyed-Hossein Salimi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The salt content of cheese is usually determined by the American Dairy Science Association (ADSA) (26) procedure. This method is based upon the determination of chloride in the sample, and results are expressed as per cent sodium chloride. The presence of chlorides in cheese other than sodium chloride would introduce error in the results. However, in practice this is not serious except where relatively large amounts of CaCl₂ are added to the cheese milk.

In determining the NaCl in cheese, one would be as justiied in basing his results on sodium analysis as on chloride analysis. An exception would …

Neutral 17-Ketosteroid And 17, 21-Dihydroxy-20-Ketosteroid Excretion In Urine Of University Women During The Menstrual Cycle, Shao Shen Yam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the last few years, much research has been done on lipid metabolism because of the possible involvement of lipids in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. These diseases appear to be related to abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Since sex differences have been noted in lipid metabolism, the role of steroid hormones has been under investigation in a number of laboratories. Coronary heart disease occurs only rarely in women during the reproductive phase. In men, the administration of estrogens results in a decreased serum cholesterol level while androgens tend to increase circulating cholesterol.

Experiments on rats and chickens have indicated that …

Some Biochemical Changes Occurring In Tomato Fruit Ripened By Several Treatments, Arthur A. Boe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ripening of fruit, aside from its economic consequence, is of importance in the study of the development and physiology of plants. The fruit, being the reproductive organ of the plant, is fundamentally necessary for the continuation of the species. The production of fruit is also of major economic importance.

The fruit is nurtured, not only by its own ability when young to produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis, but also by the translocation of sugar and other compounds produced in the leaves. While young, the fruit appears to function as the modified leaf that it is believed to be. It is …