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A Reduced Temperature-Dependent Black Spotted Eye Phenotype In Drosophila Melanogaster And Its Association With Three Different Genes, Stanley R. Irvine Jr.

Biology

The purpose of this study was to investigate black spottedness, in the eyes of the op-e strain of Drosophila melanogaster. This process has some characteristics of tumor formation and is a hereditarily transmissable trait. It was found that black spot formation resulted from a reduced temperature event occurring just prior to pigment (ommochrome) deposition in the eye. The temperature influenced event required the presence of a genetic factor behaving as a semi-dominant ("sp-e") gene identified with the third chromosome. Black spottedness then developed in a manner characteristic of melanization. Present in the spotted region were grossly abnormal …

Heart Rate As An Indicator Of Metabolism In Free-Living Uinta Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Armatus), Steve F. Johnson

Biology

Metabolic rates and heart rates were linearly correlated in nonhibernating, Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus arrnatus) at air temperatures in and below the thermoneutral zone. This relationship measured in the laboratory was used to estimate the metabolism of 4 squirrels in the field for 7 days from telemetered heart rate and the metabolism of 2 squirrels in the laboratory for 8 days. The accuracy of heart rate as an indicator of the metabolism of Uinta ground squirrels is evaluated. Measurements of D₂0 and H₂¹⁸0 turnover rates made simultaneously with heart rate did not yield …

Selection At The Molecular Level: Competition Between Members Of The Lambdoid Family Of Bacteriophages, Kandy D. Baumgardner

Biology

Competition between lambda and 434 hy mi and lambda and phi80 was investigated, making use of long-term transfer experiments to follow evolutionary trends of the phage populations. The competitive superiority of lambda at 37 C is shown by the elimination of 434 hy mi and phi80 from mixed populations. A reversal in the outcome of competition between lambda and phi80 was observed when the phages were grown at low temperature. The temporal course and final outcome of competition appear to be genetically determined responses of the phages to their specific environment. No relation between phage yield per cell and advantage …

Fine Structural Aspects Of Development Of Eimeria Ninakohlyakimovae In Cultured Cells, Gary L. Kelley

Biology

Development of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae from intracellular sporozoites to mature first-generation merozoites was studied. Monolayer cell line cultures of ovine trachea, kidney, and thyroid cells were inoculated with sporozoites of E. ninakohlyakimovae. Cultures containing parasites were fixed at the appropriate number of days after inoculation and prepared for examination. Sporozoites, trophozoites, schizonts, and merozoites grown in cultured cells were examined with the electron microscope. Intracellular sporozoites had ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of extracellular sporozites, except that apparently functional micropores were observed. During transformation of sporozoites to trophozoites, the conoid, annuli, and subpellicular tubules, as well as some portions of …

Carbaryl Penetration And Metabolism In The Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee, Megachile Pacifica (Panzer), Guirguis N. Guirguis

Biology

Carbaryl penetration into and metabolism by adult alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile pacifica (Panzer), was studied in relation to sex, age, exposure to piperonyl butoxide, and after feeding with chlorcyclizine, phenobarbital, or aminopyrine. Specifically the study included 1- and 4-day-old male bees and 4-day-old female bees representing LD₅₀ values of about 240, 51, and 262 µg/gm and carbaryl-piperonyl butoxide synergist ratio of 12, 53, and 15, respectively. Penetration rates/hour and percent penetrated were calculated for the first 8 hours after application. More carbaryl penetrated more rapidly into the most sensitive insects, but the differences were not statistically significant. Piperonyl butoxide, …

Proteolytic Enzymes Of Lactic Streptococci And Their Use In Improving Body And Texture Of Direct Acid Cottage Cheese, Gulamnabi Y. Vahora

Biology

Proteolytic activity of Streptococcus cremoris HP, P₂ and AM₂; Strept-ococcus lactis-C₂, ML₈ and a commercial mixed culture was determined in skimmilk and whey by measuring the increase in Absorbancy at 274.5 nm of a pH 4.6 soluble filtrate, following incubation in a 2.5% casein solution. Proteolytic activity, rate of acid production and growth rate decreased in order of C₂, HP, mixed culture, AM₂, ML₈ and P₂ at a regulated pH (6.1 - 6.2) and 32 C. Maximum proteolytic activity for all cultures was found during the stationary …

Contractions Of Rabbit Testes In Vitro: Permissive Role Of Prostaglandins For The Actions Of Calcium And Some Smooth-Muscle Stimulating Agents, James Lee Hargrove

Biology

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among prostaglandins, calcium, epinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) initiated rhythmic contractions in rabbit testes in vitro. Inactive testes did not respond to calcium ion, acetylcholine, or serotonin; after contractions had been stimulated with PGE₂, all of these agents caused the capsule to contract. Epinephrine and histamine induced contractions in non-motile capsules without releasing prostaglandin-like material into the bathing medium. Exogenously administered PGE₂ potentiated histamine or epinephrine-induced testicular contractions. Calcium ion was required in the action of PGE₂ in a dose-dependent …

The Effect Of Salt Concentration, Aqueous Activity And Temperature On The Growth Of Three Bacteria, Girish C. Chokshi

Biology

The requirement of bacteria for water increases when temperature of growth deviates from the organism's optimum growth temperature. A psychrophilic organism was isolated from a meat sample stored at refrigerator temperature and shown to have an optimum temperature 17 C. Partial identification of the unknown meat isolate was also carried out using morphological and biochemical characteristics. A comparative study was carried out using a mesophile Staphylococcus aureus and a thermophile Bacillus stearothermophillus for requirements of free water at different temperature ranges. The organisms were grown in media of varying salt concentration at a wide range of growth temperatures (the meat …

Fine Structural Study Of The Early Endogenous Stages Of Eimeria Magna, Harry D. Danforth

Biology

The sporozoites and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation schizonts of Eimeria magna were studied. The tissue in which these stages were found was fixed Karnovsky's fixative, and post fixed in 2.5% osmium tetroxide. Some of the tissue was prestained with uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid before examination with the electron microscope. Intracellular sporozoites observed in 24-hr ligated intestine had fewer amylopectin granules, and more mitochondria than those fixed immediately after inoculation. One or two Golgi apparatuses were seen in close association with the nucleus. The inner membrane complex of the pellicle was still intact, and no indication of nuclear division …

Distillation-Condensation Of Water And Nutrient Movement In A Desert Ecosystem, N. Stark

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Decomposition And Mineralization In An Artemisia Tridentata Community In Northern Nevada, P. L. Comanor, D. C. Prusso

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Proteolytic Activity Of Soil Microorganisms, Robert T. O'Brien

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Procedure For Identifying Emotionally Disturbed Freshmen At Utah State University: A Study And Recommendation, Carl D. Allen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The encouragement of individual self-improvement and enlightenment through the process of a formal education is basic to the social system of our nation. College and university administrators are therefore faced with a practical exigency for understanding those factors that are associated with academic achievement. (During the past several years there has been increasing evidence that college achievement is dependent upon something more than intellectual ability. From experience, the average counselor in a college or university has become aware of this fact time and time again. Some studies have gone further and suggested specific personality characteristics of successful and unsuccessful students. …

A Comparison Of Two Daily Energy Budget Models On Uinta Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Armatus), Thomas E. Oldfield

Biology

Mean daily energy budgets calculated from the ADMR model for Spermophilus armatus were 45. 50 Kcal/ day for a 300 gm animal at 20°C. 2. Mean daily energy budgets calculated from the ecological model for Spermophilus armatus were 63.64 Kcal/day for a 300 gm animal at 20°C. 3. The daily energy budget calculated from the ecological model was 24.81% greater than the daily energy budget calculated from the ADMR model.

Absorption, Translocation And Metabolism Of 1,3-Dichloropropene In Selected Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The absorption, translocation and metabolism of 1,3-dichloropropene (a soil fumigant) in bush beans, tomato and carrot was studied under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions using solution culture, vermiculite and sand. Absorption was monitored using gas chromatographic analysis and isotope techniques. Plants were shown to absorb a maximum amount of dichloropropene by 24 to 48 hr from solution culture and vermiculite. The plant absorbed and translocated 1,3-dichlorpropene-¹⁴C-U readily to aerial parts of the plant.

Bush beans, tomatoes and carrots absorbed and translocated 3-chlorallyl alcohol-¹⁴C-U from solution culture and vermiculite. Levels of 3-chloroallyl alcohol reached maximum at 24 …

Internal Water Potential Of An Engelmann Spruce Stand In Relation To Soil And Atmospheric Factors, Richard L. Meyn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to determine the degree of correlation between internal water potential of Engelmann spruce trees and selected environmental factors. The secondary objective of the study was to determine the effect of summer precipitation, both in meadow and forested sites, on the soil drying cycle.

Four study plots (each roughly 154 square meters) under spruce cover and two study plots (100 square meters) in a small meadow were established. At each spruce plot, a thermocouple psychrometer was installed at one meter above the ground on the north side of three selected, mature Engelmann spruce trees. …

Bromegrass Productivity In Relation To Precipitation, Shrub Canopy Cover And Soil Nitrogen Content, Lawrence G. Kline

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In seasons of above normal precipitation, populations of annual weedy species increase in great abundance in semi-arid desert plant communities. These increases in biomass tie up a considerable portion of the available nitrogen of such ecosystems and may depress subsequent annual grass germination.

A big sagebrush-annual bromegrass plant community was irrigated to simulate a spring growth period of abundant precipitation amenable to annual bromegras s productivity. Productivity and nitrogen content parameters were monitored throughout the spring and summer to evaluate the short and potential long term effects of this seasonal increase in "precipitation".

Irrigation increased annual bromegrass productivity almost 50 …

Modification Of Ontogenic Expression Due To Relocation Of The Ry+ Gene In Drosophila Melanogaster, Allen A. Badgett Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ry⁺ gene of Drosophila melanogaster and its associated enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, were employed in an analysis of the relationship between regulation and the location of a gene in the genome. Enzyme assays as an indication of gene activity were performed on genotypes containing zero, one and two doses of ry⁺ genes. Xanthine dehydrogenase activity of rosy genes in normal and relocated positions was determined during development.

The results indicate: 1) the gene ry⁺ is differentially active during ontogeny; 2) the activity during ontogeny is proportional to the number of ry⁺ genes present in the genome; …

Control Of Rat Testicular Monoamine Oxidase Activity: Age, Seasonality, Melatonin, Hcg, Fsh, Starvation And Irradiation, Ronald Lee Urry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of investigations were undertaken to determine what factors control testicular MAO activity. Activity was high in neonatal rats (19 g - body weight), showed a reduced activity at 53 g, was increased at 145-235 g and showed a progressively reduced activity at 415 g, 482 g and 650 g. Hypophysectomy of immature male rats at 3 weeks of age, or mature rats at 10 weeks of age, significantly reduced testicular weight and total MAO activity as calculated on a per animal basis. The specific activity of the enzyme, as expressed on a per mg of tissue basis, was …

Temperature Effect On Leaf Water Potential Measurements, Rex J. Prosser

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Silver foil psychrometers were used to monitor water potential in different portions of maize leaves which were subjected to temperature gradients. The psychrometers were preliminarily calibrated over standard NaCI solutions at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 45°C in an aluminum plate apparatus designed to provide uniform temperatures within each psychrometer even while overall temperature was changing. Based on the calibrations, empirical temperature correction equations were derived and used to correct psychrometer readings at different temperatures to equivalent values at 25°C. Temperatures on a single maize leaf were varied by placing the long leaf through an insulated box with several compartments …

The Effects Of Training Designed To Accelerate Piagetian Conservation In Children On Wisc Subtest Scores, Leland J. Winger Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test experimentally for generalization effects to certain WISC subtests from training designed to accelerate Piagetian conservation in children.

Forty-five subjects were randomly selected for participation in this study, which involved a pretest-posttest control group design. All subjects were pretested on a Conservation Test and on the Information, Arithmetic, Picture Arrangement, and Object Assembly subtests from the WISC. Subjects found to be conservers on the Conservation pretest were excluded from the study. Subjects from the experimental group found to be non-conservers on the Conservation pretest were taught conservation principles using sever al different tasks …

Cottonwood Recovers From Deer Browsing, R. M. Krinard

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of A Math-Center And A Traditional Program In Mathematics With First Grade Pupils In The Roosevelt Elementary School, Barbara Jean Knecht Eldredge

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The phone rang at the home of the principal the evening of the first day of school. The voice on the telephone said, "I must talk with you-- tonight!" The principal arranged an appointment for 7:30 that evening in his office at the school.

An Approach To Range Inventory For The Annual Range Type Of The Arid And Semi-Arid Regions Of The Sudan, Farid D. Iskander

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Range inventory, by definition, is the evaluation of the range resources to determine a proper and safe level of stocking and to provide a record of vegetation and vegetation changes (Stoddart and Smith, 1955). Range survey is defined by the Range Conservation Glossary, Soil Conservation Service (1944) as "a systematic and comprehensive inventory and analysis of the range resources and related management problems of a range area for the purpose of developing plans of management therefrom." Accordingly, range inventory is the quest for basic information about rangelands and the development of guides and procedures for their management, improvement and efficient …

Nutritional Anemias In Selected Countries, Wun-Yuan Mei

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Blood is a constantly changing, highly complex tissue which is concerned with the transport of cell nutrients, the elimination of wastes, and the maintenance of chemical equilibrium. The mature red blood cell takes about seven and half days to develop, then has a life cycle of 120 days. Many factors are involved in this complicated process. Many nutrients are required for the frame-work of the red blood cells and in the hemoglobin within these cells.

Anemia is a condition in which there is a reduction in the total circulating hemoglobin. Anemias may be described biochemically in terms of lowered hemoglobin …

Effect Of Various Nitrogen Sources On The Metabolism Of Miserotoxin In Astragalus Miser Dougl. Ex Hook., Robert Parker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wasatch milkvetch [Astragalus miser Dougl., var. oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cronq.] was highest in miserotoxin, a poisonous nitro compound, when potassium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source in nutrient cultures. Ammonium nitrate, added to Hoagland solutions to provide four and one-half times normal nitrogen, lowered percent miserotoxin in the plants. Plants grew abnormally in the greenhouse, producing little growth and becoming periodically senescent. High greenhouse temperatures, up to 45 C, were probably responsible for the abnormal growth.

Attempts to inoculate and fix nitrogen in Wasatch milkvetch with Rhizobium bacteria were unsuccessful in the greenhouse.

In growth chamber studies, percent miserotoxin …

Low Temperature Germination And Seed Coat Thickness In Tomatoes, John M. Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This investigation has been shown that the thin seed coat of tomato variety P. I. 341988 is not the factor responsible for its ability to germinate at low temperatures. The results support a previous report that low temperature germinating ability is inherited as a simple recessive. Seed coat thickness appears to be conditioned by two or more gene pairs, with dominance lacking. The maternal parent's genes control seed coat thickness, but the embryo's genes control low temperature germinating ability.

A Comparison Of The Ecological Life Histories Of Delphinium Occidentale S. Wats. And Delphinium Barbeyi Huth, Jere Randolph Holman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two species of the holartic genus Delphinium (D. occidentale S. Wats. and D. barbeyi Huth) were studied in the field and laboratory to determine the factors influencing the life stage development and distribution of these plants.

Delphinium occidentale, more widely distributed geographically and altitudinally than D. barbeyi, is found as a member of aspen and sagebrush communities. Sites are mesic in early spring but turn xeric by midsummer. Delphinium barbeyi, more limited in distribution geographically and altitudinally, appears to be limited to subalpine sites.

Adult biological properties are similar for both species. Morphological and taxonomic differences …

Analysis Of Hunter Characteristics And Attitudes Relating To Utah Shooting Preserves, John T. Ratti

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper evaluates the present status of Utah shooting preserves with special reference to attitudes and characteristics of hunters using and not using the shooting preserves system. Data were gathered primarily by a mail questionnaire survey.

Compared to non-users, shooting preserve users were more frequently raised in a suburban or city area, better educated, and had higher yearly incomes. Shooting preserve users were commonly employed as professionals or proprietors, while non-users were often employed as craftsmen, proprietors, or operators.

Most shooting preserve hunters hunted after the state game bird season was closed, and were generally satisfied with Utah preserves. Most …

Breeding Bird Populations And Habitat Utilization In Aspen Stands Of Upper Logan Canyon, Janet L. Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Censuses of two 20-acre plots in upper Logan Canyon, Utah, were made by the spot-mapping method during 1970 and 1971 to determine the differences in composition and density of breeding-bird populations in aspen stands of significantly different density and stature. The less dense stand of greater average d.b.h., average height and per cent ground cover had 20 breeding species totalling 615 pairs per 100 acres (expressed as equivalent territories). The more dense stand of smaller trees and brushy undergrowth had 14 breeding species with 267.5 equivalent territories per 100 acres. Nine species were found on both areas. Observations of foraging …