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Seed Reserves In Desert Soils, David W. Goodall, Suzanne J. Morgan

Memorandum

Soil and litter samples were collected from the playa, playa fringe and bajada zones of the Jornada Validation Site. These samples were analyzed for their seed content, special attention being paid to spatial distribution. At the time of sampling, there was little litter on the soil surface, and the litter contained only a small proportion of the total seeds present.

Role Of Cytoplasmic Microtubules In The Control Of Normal Spermiogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster, Richard F. Wilkinson Jr.

Biology

An experimental study was conducted to determine the role of cytoplasmic microtubules in normal spermiogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. An earlier study of mutant ms(3)10R of Drosophila presented evidence that suggested a direct role of cytoplasmic microtubules in sperm development. This finding provided some direction toward the clarification of currently controversial and conflicting hypotheses; are cytoplasmic microtubules necessary subcellular organelles during sperm maturation? These conflicting hypotheses are particularly opposed on the role of microtubules in the normal modeling of the sperm nucleus. One hypothesis states that cytoplasmic microtubules around the nucleus ("manchette" microtubules or nuclear-sheath microtubules) apply a modeling …

Social Organization Of The Cassin's Finch In Northern Utah, Fred Burton Samson

Biology

Cassin's Finch populations were studied in northern Utah during three breeding seasons and three winters to determine patterns of breeding, factors limiting breeding population size, social dominance and individual survival in winter flocks, and interrelationships of social systems between the seasons. Population levels on the breeding area, Beaver Mountain, Cache County, exhibited marked fluctuations from year to year; and males significantly outnumbered females in these populations. Cassin's Finches nested in colonies that varied in size from 9 to 20 nests. Adult males in reddish plumage predominated in breeding; but, if lost from the population or experimentally removed by shooting, they …

The Effects Of Regulated Livestock Grazing On Waterfowl Production, Mark A. Hilliard

Biology

Waterfowl nesting was studied on the Salt Creek Waterfowl Management Area in Box Elder County, Utah, during 1970 and 1971. Ungrazed nesting habitat was studied in 1970 which was subsequently grazed the following winter. Nesting in 1971 was studied on the same area for variations attributable to effects from grazing. During winter 1969-70, cattle were held in pilot plots to study their behavior during winter-grazing on marshlands. Ten plots were grazed at varying rates during winter 1970-71. Warming mid-January weather thawed much of the marsh both years of the study and cattle were restricted to drier sites, resulting in severe …

A Comparison Of Sampling Techniques For Characterization Of Desert Communities, Constance V. Braun

Biology

An enumeration of a 0.99 ha plot of Southwestern Desertscrub, Lower Sonoran, paloverde-sahuaro perennial vegetation in Arizona contained 1690 individuals in 13 species providing a coverage of 21 percent of the area. Analysis of the enumeration plot by Importance Values (relative frequency + relative density + relative cover dominance) shows that Larrea divaricata and Ambrosia dumosa are the co-dominants in the community, constituting 60 percent of all individuals present. The area was sampled in the field by three methods: point-quarter, line-intercept and quadrats. Point-quarter (90 points) estimates dominance more accurately (10-15 percent error) than density (21 percent). The line-intercept method …

Meiotic And Mitotic Chromosomes Of Fritillaria Atropurpurea Nutt., John Keith Archibald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide information concerning the number, structure, and behavior of chromosomes in the plant species Fritillaria atropurpurea. The material used for this investigation included both floral buds and root-tips from actively growing naturally occurring plants collected from populations in both Utah and Nevada, and root-tips from seed germinated in the greenhouse. The results obtained include a karyotype analysis of mitotic chromosomes, a discussion of meiosis, a discussion of B-chromosomes, and a series of photographs depicting the stages of mitosis and meiosis in this species.

Fritillaria atropurpurea has a diploid chromosome number of 24, …

Prescorbutic Vitamin C Deficiency And Escape, Avoidance, And Extinction Behavior In Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus), Susan Goodwin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Few studies in the area of psychodietetics have concentrated upon the relationship between a single dietary nutrient and behavior. However, some vitamins have been shown to be particularly important to central nervous system activity. Among these is Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Two experiments were done to determine the effects of ascorbic acid deficient diets on a learning task in which guinea pigs were subjects. Learning was defined as acquisition and extinction of shock-escape and shock-avoidance behavior.

In Experiment I, twelve adult guinea pigs were fed diets containing two different deficient amounts of ascorbic acid for six weeks. They were then …

Vocalizations In A Population Of Green-Tailed Towhees (Chlorura Chlorura), Timothy Andrus Burr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies of vocalizations in a montane population of Green-Tailed Towhees were conducted during the summer months of 1971 and 1972 in Cache County, Utah. The song and call repertoiries of 10 breeding pairs were recorded and analyzed on a sound spectograph.

Males averaged 8.7 different song and 18.2 different not types. Song variation on the population level is high (58 different songs) but the sharing of these songs among the males is low (22.4). Populational note structure is equally diverse but reveals a greater degree of sharing (75%).

Both males and females used three calls, the meow, tick, …

Life History And Habitat Utilization Of Merriam's Turkey In Southwestern Utah, Fred C. Bryant

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of the Merriam's wild turkey was conducted March 1972 to August 1973 in southwestern Utah to determine the life history and habitat utilization. Using transects, bio-telemetry, and observational techniques, information on flocking, hen:poult and sex ratios, and approximate dates for spring dispersal, nesting, and hatching was obtained. Turkey observations in relation to habitat variables were used to determine habitat utilization.

Except during the spring mating season, male flocks remained apart from other turkeys. Hen flocks in fall and winter consisted of adult hens and juveniles of both sexes. Males dispersed from winter flocks in March, and those that …

Antelope Island Study: Guidelines For Recreational Land Use Planning For Antelope Island, Utah, Using Computer Techniques, Robert D. Scott Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout the history of traditional land use planning, justification for allocating a land use for a particular area has been accomplished generally in a debilitated fashion. For example, decisions have generally been arrived at by (1) political process--incorporating fringe areas into present land use patterns, or (2) short-term revenue producers are given a land use change from a tax base incentive, or (3) revelations implemented, or other subjective justifications. Except in very few instances, data used to base land use planning decisions was not accurately interpreted for adequate input or not even gathered.

Recently, new and innovative methods for land …

Endemic Whitefishes Of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: A Problem In Systematics, Robert G. White

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The systematic status of whitefishes endemic to Bear lake, Utah-Idaho, has remained tenuous since their original description. Clarification of this problem was the major objective of the present study. The general approach was an integrated one, including examination of morphological, biochemical and ecological parameters; artificial hybrids were produced and compared with questionable groups from the natural population.

Morphological analysis revealed five forms of Bear Lake whitefishes Prosopium gemmiferum (Bonneville cisco) and P. abyssicola (Bear lake whitefish) were well differentiated from other forms and were treated as originally described. The P. spilonotus (Bonneville whitefish) group, however, was found to be made …

Nutrition Of Sheep Grazing Foothill Big Game Range In Spring, Kurt J. Kotter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sheep with esophageal fistulas were used to determine the daily intake, nutritive content and digestibility of forage at three periods and two stocking intensities during the spring of 1972 on a typical foothill range in northern Utah.

Heavy grazing under a season-long regime did not influence the concentrations of dietary chemical components when compared to moderate grazing; however, it did depress the digestibility of cellulose and organic matter. There was a significant decline in the dietary chemical components due to forage maturation. Digestibility of organic matter and cellulose were significantly higher in the early spring as compared to late spring. …

The Dynamics Of Root Growth And The Partitioning Of Photosynthates In Cool Desert Shrubs, Osvaldo Alberto Fernandez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study addresses the nature of physiological and phenological evolutionary strategies of root growth dynamics and energy allocation followed by Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata, and Artemisia tridentata growing in their natural cool desert environment.

Root observation chambers with inclined Plexiglass windows were installed in monospecific desert communities of Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata and Artemisia tridentata. Soil temperature and water potential measurements taken immediately adjacent to the observation windows indicated a minimal disturbance was caused by the presence of these chambers. For the three species initiation of root growth was observed before initiation of shoot activity, furthermore, active root growth extended …

The Phenology And Control Of Dyers Woad (Isatis Tinctoria) In Northern Utah, William A. Varga

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to describe dyers woad and to establish v means for control of the weed in northern Utah. Logan was chosen for studying germination of the weed, and interaction of dyers woad and alfalfa stands. Collinston was selected for screening trials of herbicides for the control of dyers woad. The thesis contains information on the phenology of dyers woad and suggestions for control of the weed.

Phosphorus Budget Of The Hyrum Reservoir - Little Bear River System, William A. Luce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Phosphorus concentrations in the water of the Hyrum Reservoir - Little Dear River Watershed were determined by collecting 12 samples every two weeks over a seven month period and analyzing them for dissolved orthophosphate, total dissolved phosphorus, and total unfiltered phosphorus.

The concentrations obtained were used in conjunction with a water budget to determine a phosphorus budget. Apparent major inputs of phosphorus to the reservoir included a trout farm and runoff from agricultural land in the watershed.

Statistical analyses of the data were made to determine what effect precipitation, streamflow, and mileage downstream had on the concentrations of phosphorus in …

Rates Of Food Digestion By Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) In The Blacksmith Fork River, Utah, John M. Salevurakis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Digestion rates have been measured for brown trout (Salmo trutta Linn.) during summer, fall, winter and spring seasons on the Blacksmith Fork River, Utah. Exponential rates of digestion varied from a gradual rate of -0.2372 to an accelerated rate of -0.6808. Factors found to affect digestion rate most were water temperature and the amount of food in the stomach. The affect of temperature was not clearly isolated. However, the amount of food in the stomach, at the beginning of the digestion study, appeared to have the most pronounced effect. Four of the five digestion rate measurements, with high coefficients …

The Effects Of Herbicidal Spraying Upon A North Central Utah Blue Grouse Population, T. Barry Barnes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of herbicidal spraying upon a North Central Utah blue grouse population were studied. Baseline data were obtained in 1970 and 1971 prior to the spraying on June 2, 1972. The spraying was done to control wyethia (Wyethia amplexicaulis) and black sage (Artimesia nova) which covered 48 percent and 20 percent of the study area respectively.

No differences in blue grouse numbers occurred following spraying with 17 to 20 broods using the area in 1972 compared to 18 to 20 broods in 1971. Total population of blue grouse each year was between 90 and 104 …

Goals And Locus Of Control Of Female Delinquent And Non-Delinquent Juveniles, Geraldine Bates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A comparison of perception of locus of control and identification of goals between delinquent and non-delinquent juvenile females was conducted.

The delinquent sample consisted of 20 female students at the Idaho State Youth Training Center. The non-delinquent sample consisted of 20 female students from two Idaho Public Secondary schools. The non-delinquent subjects were paired with the delinquent subjects as closely as possible according to age, religion, education, size and composition of family, and size of home town.

The instruments used were: (l) a background questionnaire, (2) a goal identification questionnaire, and (3) Rotter's I-E scale.

The difference between the mean …

Head Start And School Readiness, Robert Bruce Turner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of compensatory education was studied as it influences school readiness in preschool children. The research was conducted in the Logan and Providence areas of Cache County, Utah, with 44 children who had completed the kindergarten year of school. Twenty-two of the children had participated in the compensatory educational experience of Head Start prior to their kindergarten experience. It was found that there was not a significant difference between the Head Start children and their neighbors in terms of their performance on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts. Therefore, in terms of school preparedness, the Head Start children seem …

Effects Of Fertilizers On Cultured Salt Marsh Plants, Ruppia And Chara, Scott Marshall Stenquist

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima), muskgrass (Chara Sp.), and midge larvae (family Chironomidae) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions using a solution of Logan tap water, 3000 ppm. sodium chloride, and an algicide-fungicide inhibiter. Soil, vegetation, and invertebrates came from a spring-fed marsh in western Utah. Ammonium sulfate, treble superphosphate, and sewage sludge fertilizers were applied to the plants at 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 300 pounds per acre equivalents of ammonium sulfate; 5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 300 pounds per acre equivalents of treble superphsophate; and 5, 25, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500,700, and …

Characterization Of Selected Bacteria From The North Arm Of The Great Salt Lake, John L. Crane Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirteen bacterial cultures were isolated from the North arm of Great Salt Lake during the months of January and February of 1973. Eleven isolates were gram-negative pleomorphic rods which lysed in hypotonic solution. The remaining two were gram-positive cocci. All isolates and one known strain of Halobacterium salinarium were subjected to examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. A numerical taxonomic analysis was applied to the compiled characters to compute a coefficient of similarity for each individual isolate as compared to all other isolates. A comparative analysis was included in the similarity computation using characters assembled from those reported …

An Investigation Into The Design Qualities, Ecological Requirements, And Potential Use Of Some Native Trees And Shrubs Of The Mountains Of Northeastern Utah, Richard K. Sutton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of this paper are threefold: 1) To provide a justification for the increased use of native plants in mountain land development, not only in northeastern Utah, but in the entire western United States. 2) To investigate and delineate what the physical needs of a plant materials list are. 3) To provide a nearly comprehensive list of basically unused plants native to northeastern Utah and to highlight their landscaping potentials based on the earlier investigation.

Also touched upon, to help landscape architectural students and professionals alike, are two cursory case studies and a chapter which deals briefly with the …

Opinions Of Selected Utah High School Students And Teachers Toward Sports Competition, Carole C. Kimball

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study determined opinions of s elected eleventh grade high school girls and physical education teachers concerning intramural and interschool sports competition. The high school s in the study were randomly selected from the nine school districts located in the Wasatch Front Area of Utah.

The study revealed that girls end physic'31 education teachers in high schools in the Wasatch Front Area showed a significant interest in intramural and interschool competition for girls. The girls listed tennis as their first choice of sports that should be included in bath programs, followed by volleyball and swimming. Both students and teachers felt …

Characteristics And Genesis Of The Parleys And Mendon Soils Series In Northern Utah, Khalid I. Al-Amin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was designed to test the genetic theory of soil development of two soils derived from different geological material, but developed under conditions of similar climate, topography, biological activity, and age. An attempt was made to relate the soils characteristics to their present classification. Parleys and Mendon series which developed from Bonneville and Salt Lake Formation, respectively, were selected for that purpose. Along the east side of Cache valley, two pedons representing each of the studied series were selected to have similar soil formers except for their parent material.

Evidently, these studied soils have been developed from different heterogenous …

A Study Concerning Sources Of Information And Knowledge About Fluoride In Logan, Milford, And Helper, Utah, Marilyn Lorraine Geddes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A considerable amount of research has been conducted concerning the characteristics of people who are in favor of fluoridation. However, there is little information available as to what the electorate really knows about fluoride when they are forced to vote on this scientific issue.

Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the general public's level of knowledge about fluoride, to discover what sources of information have been the greatest influence on their opinion and knowledge about fluoride, and to estimate the level of participation of dentists, general practitioners, pediatricians, and gynecologists in the education of Utahns about the …

Seasonal Changes Of Peach Flower Buds At The Ultrastructural Level, Yeh Feng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the seasonal changes of Gleason Elberta peach flower buds at the cellular level. Peach buds were obtained from the Howell Experiment Station in Ogden, Utah. Samples were collected at weekly intervals from October 25th, 1971 to March 29th, 1972. When a killing frost precluded further sampling, the buds were preserved by standard electron microscopic techniques. Thin sections (500 to 700 A) of the cells around the ovarious cavity were examined with a Zeiss EM-9S-2A electron microscope.

From October 25th, 1971 to January 3rd, 1972, more heterochromatin than euchromatin was in …

Physiological Responses In Initial Psychological Interviews, Robert R. Perkinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of subjects to an initial psychological interview, and to study the effect of physical proximity and touch on these responses. Heart rate and total skin conductance variability were the responses monitored. To assess the subjects' like or dislike of the psychologist interviewer, a measure of interpersonal attraction, the Interpersonal Judgment Scale, was employed. The California Psychological Inventory was utilized to investigate possible personality correlates with the physiological responses.

Sixty females, between the ages of 18 and 28, responded to the California Psychological Inventory and were then connected to the …

Effects Of Magnesium Deficiency On Discriminative Avoidance Behavior Of Rats, Mahlon B. Dalley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to develop and test a group of predictors that could be used by fundraisers to determine potential corporate support for environmental and recreational programs. Local surveys were conducted to determine environmental and recreational needs for Cache Valley and twenty interviews were held with local corporate managers. The information gathered in these interviews and the literature review provided a list of approximately 20 variables which were narrowed down to 10 to predict both the potential for giving and the level of giving.

A proposal for a youth training project was developed and local Forest Service …

The Production And Prevention Of Stomach Ulcers In Rodents, Eric H. Rudrud

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rats given L-Ascorbic Acid in their drinking water prior to and during starvation did not develop severe ulceration in the glandular portion of their stomachs. Control rats which were either nontreated or given deactivated L-Ascorbic Acid developed severe stomach pathology on the starvation regimen.

The present study was based on the finding that food deprivation results in severe rumenal ulceration in rats. Given that L-AA is essential in maintaining tissue integrity and that ulcers are examples of tissue degeneration, the L-AA in large amounts could retard, or prevent, the formation of starvation induced stomach ulcers in rats.

The results show …

A Comparative Study Of Gpa Predictability Using The Japq And The Svib, Kathleen A. Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to compare the results from two vocational interest blanks, the Job Activity Preference Questionnaire (JAPQ) and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) in the prediction of grade point averages (GPA) for university students. An investigation was also made to determine if the variable vocational interest would contribute to a multiple r composed of American College Test (ACT) scores and GPA.

One hundred students were administered both instruments and predictions made of their GPA's after the completion of two quarters of classroom study and after the completion of the most recent quarter of classroom study. …