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A Simulation Of The Economic Effects Of Alternative Soil Types And Nitrogen Sources On Nitrate Leaching On Irrigated Agriculture In Utah, Gilbert D. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The economic impact of reducing the amount of nitrate leached out of the root zone under irrigation in the arid West was examined. A general introduction into the nature of the problem and a review of the literature was provided in chapter I. In chapter ll the economic incentives of irrigation management were evaluated under the assumptions of both profit-maximizing and utility-maximizing (in reducing cost and effort expended in irrigation) decision-making criteria. The results indicate that there is a coincidence of interests of the farmer and the environment. Both behaviors result in less nitrate leaching than less profitable or less …

Expectations: A Guide For Childbirth Education At Logan Regional Hospital, Janet Radford Bergeson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this project is to develop a childbirth education handbook for expectant parents that specifically follows the ongoing childbirth classes taught at Logan Regional Hospital. At present, much of the information that is provided to expectant parents comes from companies that advertise their products through childbirth education brochures. It is desirable that the students be provided with a complete, objective handbook to supplement the instruction received in the classroom.

Spider Woman, Michelle Henrie

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This paper is an exercise in thinking and in writing, both of which I model after Elie Wiesel's Messengers of God: Biblical Portraits and Legends.

Factors Affecting Seeds In A Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystem And Implications For The Dispersion Of An Annual Plant Species, Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum L.), Michael Ira Kelrick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I investigated how shrub-induced spatial heterogeneity influenced and was manifested by a representative ground-story plant species at a sagebrush-steppe site in southwestern Wyoming. The dispersion of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) reflected differences between undershrub (higher plant densities) and interspace (between shrubs, supporting lower densities) microenvironments, hence the population ecology of this annual species served as a biological probe of shrub-associated patch structure in this community. Since cheatgrass is an annual, factors affecting the seed portion of its life cycle were of special interest. First, attributes of the above- and below-ground seed pool were characterized. The environment-wide seed depositional pattern …

Reproductive Strategies Of Northern Goshawks And Cooper's Hawks In North-Central New Mexico, Patricia L. Kennedy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I assumed that the reproductive strategies of the two Accipiter species investigated in this study, the northern Goshawk (A. gentilis) and the Cooper's hawk (A. cooperii), would be similar to the strategies of other monogamous raptors with sex role partitioning. Any differences in the species' reproductive strategies, particularly hunting strategies, were expected to be a function of their size differences. Contrary to predictions, results indicated that, in north-central New Mexico during brood rearing, both species had similar hunting strategies and utilized similar prey species. These results also indicated that the reproductive strategies of the Cooper's hawk …

The Play Of Visually Impaired Preschoolers With Their Mothers, Claudia Weber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis answers the following questions: (a) Is the Play Assessment Scale a true measure of development? (b) Does the mother have a significant, positive influence on the child's level of development? (c) Does the mother's interactional style influence the child's development as measured by the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory? The subjects were 13 visually impaired preschoolers. Development was measured with the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Maternal interactional style was assessed with the Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale. The study indicated that the Play Assessment Scale is a valid, reliable measure of development in …

Hydrogen Uptake Genes And Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency Of Rhizobium Species In Symbiosis With Alfalfa, Chickpea And Pigeonpea, G. Mustafa Sajid

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The plasmids pDN211 and pDNll, isolated from the gene bank of the Rhizobium japonicum strain I-110, have been reported to complement two different Nif⁺ Hup^· (nitrogen fixation positive and hydrogen uptake negative) mutants. A 5.9-kb Hindiii DNA fragment of the cosmid pHU52, isolated from the gene bank of R. japonicum strain 122DES, has been reported to code for the two polypeptide subunits of uptake hydrogenase. To determine homology between the structural genes of uptake hydrogenase of the two strains, a Southern blot of the Hindiii restriction fragments of the plasmids pDN211 and pDN11 was hybridized to the 5.9-kb …

Effects Of Alternative Sprinkler Irrigation Parameters On Pesticide Movement, Ahmad Yar Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, Antonio Maria Requena, Howard M. Deer, Majid Ehteshami

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The relative reduction in potential ground-water contamination due to pesticides at several sites in Utah was determined by comparing alternative irrigation system designs, water management practices and pesticides. Alternative sprinkler irrigation distribution coefficients were used to estimate infiltration depths. The movement of pesticides through soils following sprinkler irrigations was simulated with one-dimensional model. Pesticide contamination of ground water can be reduced by careful selection of pesticides, properly designed irrigation systems and improved water management techniques. Procedures for selecting an appropriate sprinkler design and pesticide are presented.

Winter Habitat Selection Of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki) In A Large Regulated River, Ronald A. Englund

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Microhabitat use by cutthroat trout and macrohabitat use by both cutthroat and rainbow trout were studied i n the Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam during the winters of 1988 and 1989. Microhabitat parameters used by cutthroat trout, such as focal velocity, depth, and fish elevation, differed significantly in eddies, runs, and riffles. Mean focal velocities in runs were 0.79 body lengths/seconds (bl/s), in riffles 0.66 bl/s, and in eddies 0.24 bl/s. Cutthroat trout size also varied significantly with macrohabitat; larger fish were found in riffles.

Macrohabitat use by cutthroat trout and rainbow trout differed significantly among species, macrohabitat types, …

Is Rainbow Trout Condition Influenced By Invertebrate-Drift Density?, Randall B. Filbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Users of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology CTFIM) commonly assume that there is a positive linear relationship between available habitat (WUA) and stream fish biomass. However, several studies have shown a lack cf correlation between WUA and biomass. Such poor relationships may occur if other factors limit fish abundance. Food availability is a potentially important factor limiting abundance of stream fishes and can affect blomass by influencing fish condition (individual weight). I collected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to different levels of invertebrate-drift density to determine if condition was greater where food was more abundant. I also examined …

Study Of Ferredoxin And Flavodoxin From Tobacco Leaves And Roots Under Normal And Iron-Stressed Conditions, I-Jen Huang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I purified tobacco leaf ferredoxin from normal and iron-stressed leaves. The oxidized form of ferredoxin from normal leaves had absorption maxima at 268, 327, and 422 nm and a shoulder at 463 nm. The oxidized form of ferredoxin from iron-stressed leaves had absorption maxima at 268 and 329 nm but no absorption maxima in the 400-nm range. Higher ferredoxin content was found with higher chlorophyll content in leaves of the same age.

A protein in tobacco root extract was isolated and found to serve as an electron carrier for ferredoxin-requiring nitrite reduction. This protein had a molecular weight and antigenic …

Children's Determination Of Gender Appropriateness Of Clothing, Malihe Attaran

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender distinctions made by children based on clothing styles in order to better understand gender-role development. Four objectives were addressed: (a) Do children, regardless of sex, differ in their determination of the gender appropriateness of clothing options? (b) Are there gender differences between children in determining the gender appropriateness of these clothing options? (c) In what ways does children's awareness of gender stereotypes relate to their determination of the gender appropriateness of clothing? and (d) How do children's sex and their determination of the gender appropriateness of clothing interact with their awareness …

Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Retentate For The Development Of A Whipped Topping Mix, Shirley Ann Bond

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ultrafiltered skim milk concentrated to 20-22% solids was hydrolyzed with a mixture of proteases from Aspergillus oryzae and an acid protease from Aspergillus niger. The enzyme preparation from A. oryzae did not produce bitterness, so the effects of its hydrolyzing action on the whipping properties of the retentate in liquid and powdered forms were examined. Its effect on the amount of soluble nitrogen in the powder was also determined. After inoculation of 250 ml retentate with .05% w/v enzyme, the samples were held in a 45°C water bath. The samples thickened with increasing hydrolysis until syneresis occurred. They also …

Meat Effects On Nonheme Iron Absorption, Yunji Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies were undertaken to investigate if gastric acidity and iron chelation to a meat component enhance nonheme iron absorption. Cereal meals, with and without added proteins, were gavaged into iron-deficient rats. The role of iron chelation was investigated by adding sodium phytate, an iron chelator implicated with decreased iron absorption, to the meals. The role of gastric acidity was investigated by treating the rats with cimetidine, which inhibits gastric acid production. In rats with normal acid production, beef, pork and chicken enhanced iron absorption when phytate had been added to the meals, suggesting a role for chelation in meat enhancement …

Survival Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Bifidobacteria Bifidum In Ice Cream For Use As A Probiotic Food, Sharareh Hekmat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ice cream mix (12% fat, 11% milk solids nonfat, 12.5% sugar, and 4.5% corn syrup solids) was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Half of the mix was heat treated at 82°C for 30 minutes and cooled to 40-41°C. The other half was warmed to 40-41°C and inoculated with the starter cultures. Both were made into ice cream and stored at -29°C. Survival of L. acidophilus and B. bifidum and of ẞ-galactosidase activity were monitored during 17 weeks of frozen storage. Reinforced clostridial medium was used to enumerate culture bacteria. Colony counts, after fermentation, for both L. acidophilus …

Determining The Validity Of Methods Used In Meat Iron Analysis, Padmashri Ummadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The validity of the Homsey method for heme iron, modified Schricker and sodium pyrophosphate extraction methods for nonheme iron and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and ferrozine methods for total iron were determined using spikes of hemoglobin, ground beef baked to different degrees of doneness, proportional beef liver:catfish mixtures and National Institute of Science and Technology reference materials.

The mean spike recoveries of 0.01g and 0.02g Hb in raw beef and raw chicken samples were 96.7% of the heme iron for the Homsey method, 97.9% of the total iron for the ferrozine method, and 85.7% of the total iron for the …

Effects Of Heat Treatment Of Ultrafiltered Milk On Its Rennet Coagulation Time And On Whey Protein Denaturation, Bashir H. Yousif

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of heating (including heating to ultra-high temperatures) homogenized ultrafiltered whole and skim milks on whey protein denaturation and milk's subsequent rennet coagulation properties: coagulation time, curd firmness, and microstructure.

Whole and skim milk samples were ultrafiltered using a spiral wound ultrafiltration membrane system. Samples were preheated to 72°C for 58 s, held for 8 s then heated to 72, 89, 106, 123, or 140°C for more than 97 sand held for 4 s. The milk was then cooled to 60°C and homogenized, further cooled to 30°C, packaged into 120 ml …

Biological Detoxification Of Mercury Contaminated Soil, Shiying Zhang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined biological mercury removal from soil using mercury-resistant bacteria in soil microcosms. Mercuric chloride was used to artificially contaminate Kidman soil to mercury concentrations of 5 ppm and 10 ppm. Soil moisture content was maintained at three levels, 20%, 30% and 50%. Mercury resistant-bacteria were added to soil samples and the mercury removal rate was compared to control samples without added bacteria. Mercury removal rate was initially enhanced by the addition of bacteria. After 30 days, no difference was observed between samples and controls with initial mercury concentration of 5 ppm when soil moisture content was 20%. At …

Identification Of Potential Adhesins Shared Among Isolates Of Actinobacillus Species And Actinobacillus-Like Bacteria Cultured From Ram Lambs With Clinical Epididymitis, Yu-Wen Liu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ram lamb epididymitis, a serious reproductive disease of sheep, is caused principally by bacteria belonging to the genera Haemophilus and Actinobacillus. Six bacteria were studied: the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of Actinobacillus seminis (ATCC 15768), ATCC of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29522), field isolates of A seminis (86722 and 4101) and field isolates of Actin obacillus- like bacteria (Y136 and D107). The objectives of this study were to quantitate the adhesion of these 6 bacteria to bovine kidney epithelial cells (BKECs) and ram epididymal epithelial cells (REECs), evaluate the effect of rabbit polyclonal antibody prepared against ATCC 15768 …

Heterologous Expression And Characterization Of Three Active Recombinant Fungal Peroxidases From Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Using Baculovirus, Todd M. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In a collaborative effort with Dr. Steven D. Aust's group at Utah State University, this research is the first to describe the heterologous expression of active peroxidases from the filamentous fungus Panerochaete chrysosporium. The cDNA clones λML-1, λML-6, λML-5 and λMP-1, which had been tentatively identified as fungal peroxidase clones, were subcloned into baculovirus transfer vectors and recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were constructed which contained copies of these potential peroxidase genes. The recombinant baculovirus clones were used to infect insect cells for the heterologous production of active recombinant enzymes. Three recombinant lignin peroxidases (H2, H6 and H8) …

The Hepatic Microcirculation In Experimental Cirrhosis A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of Microcorrosion Casts, E. Gaudio, L. Pannarale, M. Ripani, P. Onori, O. Riggio

Scanning Microscopy

The experimental model of liver cirrhosis induced by intragastric administration of CCl₄ reproduces not only the histological picture of the postnecrotic cirrhosis but also its pathophysiological features.

Corrosion casts of livers affected by CCl₄-induced cirrhosis show the loss of the lobular pattern. Once the cirrhosis has completely developed, the whole microvascular bed appears to be composed of groups of sinusoid nodules of diameters varying between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.. Pre- and post-sinusoidal vessels and anastomoses between the former and the latter are mainly located at the perinodular spaces.

This microvascular situation modifies the normal perfusion gradient within …

Restricted Energy Transfer In Laser Desorption Of High Molecular Weight Biomolecules, Akos Vertes, Renaat Gijbels

Scanning Microscopy

Producing ions from large molecules is of distinguished importance in mass spectrometry. In our present study we survey different laser desorption methods in view of their virtues and drawbacks in volatilization and ion generation. Laser induced thermal desorption and matrix assisted laser desorption are assessed with special emphasis to the recent breakthrough in the field (m/z > 100,000 ions produced by matrix assisted laser desorption). Efforts to understand and describe laser desorption and ionization are also reported. We emphasize the role of restricted energy transfer pathways as a possible explanation to the volatilization of non-degraded large molecules.

Retinal Changes In A Mutant Form Of Goldfish With Megalophthalmia, David T. Yew, Winnie W. Y. Li, C. Au, H. L. Choi, Q. D. Yang, Patrick K. H. Chan

Scanning Microscopy

The retinal changes of a mutant strain of goldfish with megalophthalmia were studied by histology, electron microscopy and biochemistry. Changes in the morphology of the pigment epithelium, decrease in number of photoreceptors, thinning out of retinal layers and the existence of spaces in the retina were all features as the eyes grew in size. Invasion of macrophages was also evident in the retina. A decrease in leucine uptake per milligram of retina was also detected as the eye grew beyond 0.8 millilitre in volume. These changes, although related to volume changes (i.e., growth) of the eyes, were found to have …

The Primary Energy Dependence Of Backscattered Electron Images Up To 100 Kev, I. Geuens, B. Nys, J. Naudts, R. Gijbels, W. Jacob, P. Van Espen

Scanning Microscopy

The backscattered electron coefficient is known to be primarily dependent on the atomic number of the sample. If the atomic number increases, the backscattered electron coefficient increases, which results in a higher intensity in the backscattered electron image. The dependence of the primary electron energy is somewhat more complicated. Using photographic material (with composition AgBr-AgI), it is seen that the contrast in the backscattered electron image increases with the primary electron energy. Using three independent methods, based on image analysis techniques, it is shown that the difference between the backscattered electron coefficient of AgBr and AgI increases with the primary …

Theodore Alvin Hall: A Biographical Sketch And Personal Appreciation, Brij L. Gupta

Scanning Microscopy

As the first in a series of two papers contributed on the occasion of a special program held at the Scanning Microscopy/1989 meeting in Salt Lake City in honour of Dr. T.A. Hall, and in recognition of his achievements for biological electron probe X-ray microanalysis, this paper provides a biographical sketch of Dr. Hall, as well as a bibliography.

Growing And In-Situ Processing Of Cells On Beem Capsule Caps For Scanning Electron Microscopy, Eugene F. Bernard, Tatsuo Hase

Scanning Microscopy

A simple technique for processing cells grown on BEEM capsule caps for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation is described. The cells adhere to a substratum on the inner surface of caps coated with either an egg white-polyvinylpyrrolidone solution or a polylysine solution in the case of eukaryotic cells and an agar solution in the case of bacteria. The adhering cells are cultured and then processed in situ for SEM observation. Electron micrographs revealed details of the shape of the cells growing on the surface of the substrate. The technique seems to be particularly well suited for observing sequential morphological changes …

Ultrastructure Of Coronary Arterial Endothelium In Atherosclerotic Swine Suggests Lipid Retro-Endocytosis, Keith A. Robinson, Robert P. Apkarian

Scanning Microscopy

During experimental atherosclerosis, arterial endothelial cells show characteristic ultrastructural changes including the appearance of increased numbers of plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic vesicles. These structures have been shown by tracer studies to participate in the transcellular transport of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and β-very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the arterial lumen into the abluminal extracellular matrix. Although this probably represents the major lipid transport pathway, other forms of transport may exist. We document the presence of apparent lipid structures averaging approximately 300 nm in diameter at or near the luminal surface of coronary arterial endothelium of atherosclerotic miniature swine. The structures exhibited a particulate …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Forming Enamel Of Rat Incisor: Influence Of Fixative And Treatments Interacting With The Organic Matrix, J. P. Salomon, J. M. Legrand, M. Goldberg

Scanning Microscopy

The forming enamel of rat incisor was either treated before fixation with one of these five treatments: ultrasonication, NaOCl, chloroform/methanol, NaOH or tween 20; or the incisors were first fixed and then submitted to one of these treatments. The structure of the forming enamel, compared with sections fixed with aldehyde and submitted to osmic maceration, depends on the way the samples were treated and on the fixative used. An amorphous material, removed by osmium tetroxide but not by aldehyde solution was seen to be located between fiber-like structures. In the region of inner enamel secretion the thickness of interrod septa …

Ted Hall And The Science Of Biological Microprobe X-Ray Analysis: A Historical Perspective Of Methodology And Biological Dividends, Brij L. Gupta

Scanning Microscopy

This review surveys the emergence of electron probe X-ray microanalysis as a quantitative method for measuring the chemical elements in situ. The extension of the method to the biological sciences under the influence of Ted Hall is reviewed. Some classical experiments by Hall and his colleagues in Cambridge, UK, previously unpublished, are described; as are some of the earliest quantitative results from the cryo-sections obtained in Cambridge and elsewhere. The progress of the methodology is critically evaluated from the earliest starts to the present state of the art. Particular attention has been focused on the application of the method in …

Three-Dimensional Morphological Analysis Of Nerve Cells By Scanning Electron Microscopy. A Review, O. J. Castejón

Scanning Microscopy

The present review provides a rational and new approach to study the three-dimensional morphology of nerve cells in situ at both cellular and macromolecular levels, by means of conventional (SEM) and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The slicing and ethanol-cryofracturing methods, the freeze-fracture SEM method and tissue preparation for HRSEM have been described. Nerve cell outer surface, axon hillock and initial axon segment, axonal collateral ramifications and dendritic processes were visualized either by the slicing technique or the cryofracture method displaying neuronal geometry in situ. The cleavage plane occurred at the satellite neuroglial sheath exposing somatic hidden surfaces of …