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Utah Science Vol. 32 No. 2, June 1971

Utah Science

Our Jekyl and Hyde Chemical World-some considerations, editorial 35

Pesticides and ecology, John M. Neuhold 39

The university's role in pollution control, David M. Berry 41

A brief history of pesticide use, Reed S. Roberts 42

Pesticides in public health, Lyman J. Olsen, M.D . 45

Chlorinated hydrocarbons cause thin egg shells but so may other pollutants, R. K. Tucker 47

Some benefits of pesticides to public health, Jay E. Graham 50

The Utah community pesticide study, Stephen L. Warnick 53

What can USU do about pesticides?, Louis A. Jensen 56

Mechanisms of pesticide toxicity, R. P. Sharma 57

Pesticides …

Student Life, May 28, 1971, Vol. 68, No. 90, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Student Life, May 21, 1971, Vol. 68, No. 87, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Student Life, May 5, 1971, Vol. 68, No. 80, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Fine Structural Study Of The Exogenous And Asexual Endogenous Stages Of Eimeria Callospermophili, William Liddell Roberts

Biology

The occyst walls, sporocysts, excystation, and the development of first generation schizonts and merozoites of Eimeria callospermophili were studied. The different stages were fixed with Karnovsky's fixative or 5 percent glutaraldehyde and post-fixed with 2 percent osmium tetroxide or in 2. 5 percent glutaraldehyde and 2.5 percent osmium tetroxide together for electron miscoscopy. The oocyst wall had an outer layer consisting of columnar projections and an inner layer consisting of an outer band covered by a membrane and an electron-dense inner band. A membrane covered the sporocyst wall. Inside were 2 sporozoites, fluid which coagulated during fixation, and a membranebound …

Radiation Biology Of The Greater Wax Moth (Galleria Mellonella (L.)): Effects On Developmental Biology, Bionomics, Mating-Competitiveness And F1 Sterility, Ross Albert Nielsen

Biology

Males and females of the greater wax moth were irradiated with gamma rays during various ages of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Survivors were mated with untreated moths and spermatophore transfer, oviposition, egg hatch, and adult development were studied. The F₁ progeny were also mated to untreated moths and similar observations made. Males from selected irradiated and F₁ groups were tested for mating competitiveness with untreated males. Females were more sensitive to irradiation than males, and fewer females than males developed to the adult stage in both the irradiated and the F₁ generation. Irradiation of either parent …

Antibody Production Of Rats Fed Diets Of Varying Nutrient Density, Radharukmani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Available evidence indicated that the deficiency of a specific nutrient in the diets adversely affect antibody production from a mild to severe degree. Studies of the effects of diet partially deficient in various essential nutrients on antibody response is meagre.

Twelve groups of weanling rats were fed with diets prepared by diluting the basal diet with 0 to 75 percent sucrose for 46 days and their antibody response was measured on the 28th, 40th and 46th day using Salmonella pullorum as the antigen. The rats fed the diet containing 75 percent sucrose and 25 percent basal diet had mean antibody …

Effects Of Water Quality On Physico-Chemical And Organoleptic Characteristics Of Selected Canned Fruits And Vegetables, Anita Kay Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of processing water quality, specifically calcium and magnesium salt content (0-500 mg/1) and the addition of chelating agents (0-250 mg/1 of aminopolycarboxylic acids, polyphosphates, hydroxycarboxylic acids or phytates), upon physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of canned Jonathan and Delicious apple slices, Montmorency cherries and Blue Lake green beans was investigated.

Physical determinations: shear values, turbidity of syrup or brine measured via light transmittance, Hunter color and color difference meter readings and internal can corrosion; chemical composition: pectin as calcium pectate, volatile reducing substances, total acidity, pigment determinations, nitrate-nitrogen values; and sensory measurements: texture, shape, flavor, aroma, color value and …

Investigation Of Urolithiasis Occurring In Hatchery-Reared Trout In Utah, Ernest H. Dean Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The urolithiasis condition investigated occurred at a "hard water" hatchery in Utah after the trout were changed from a meat diet to a commercial pelleted fish feed as a sole sustaining diet in 1961. Numerous diet modifications proved unsuccessful in preventing urolithiasis at the hatchery. It was eventually determined that different commercial diets resulted in varied percentages of trout developing urolithiasis. The urolithic deposits found in the kidney tubules were amorphous and composed of calcium phosphate (apatite) and an organic matrix. Bacterial contamination of the kidneys was not an important factor in the formation of urolithiasis. Rainbow trout containing urolithic …

The Coalville Deer Herd In Northeastern Utah: Its Ecology And Management, Gary L. Hickman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study on the Coalville Deer Management Unit adjacent to the corner of Wyoming in Utah was to determine the condition of the deer herd in relation to its range and population characteristics.

Postseason doe-fawn ratio was 100:77, while an adjusted doe-fawn ratio accounting for the unproductive female yearling segment was 100:105. The approximate net-productivity for 1964 was 44 percent compared to 27 percent in 1965. In 1964-65, the average age-class mortality rate for the male and female segments was 45 and 35 percent respectively. Preseason and postseason sex ratios were 64:100 and 60:100 respectively.

Mature …

Ecology Of The Morgan Creek And East Fork Of The Salmon River Bighorn Sheep Herds And Management Of Bighorn Sheep In Idaho, James K. Morgan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An ecological study on the Morgan Creek and the East Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho, Bighorn Sheep herds was conducted from July 1, 1966 to February 28, 1970.

The Morgan Creek population numbered about 100 animals upon termination of the study. The trend of this population was downward. The East Fork population numbered about 50 animals and the trend appeared to be stable or slightly downward.

Productivity of both herds was low. Lamb mortality was high and recruitment to the breeding herd low. Low recruitment rates coupled with hunting pressure caused a decline in the ram component of both …

Hydraulics Of Waste Stabilization Ponds And Its Influence On Treatment Efficiency, Kenneth A. Mangelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The treatment efficiency of waste stabilization ponds depends on many factors, the most important of which are generally presumed to be the biological factors such as the type of waste and the organic loading. However, the biological activity in a pond is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions of temperature, wind, sunlight, and the hydraulic flow patterns. In the past little attention has been given to the hydraulic characteristics of waste stabilization ponds. Specifically, little consideration has been given to the gross flow patterns within stabilization ponds as affected by the shape of the pond or lagoon, the presence of …

Protein Needs Throughout The Life Cycle, Mei-You Tsai

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In most countries in Africa and in South and East Asia the foods which are produced do not provide adequate diets, or in some areas, not enough food for the population. In most areas, it is not the severe shortage of food supplies, but inequality of food distribution and the quality of the diet as influenced by deficiencies of individual nutrients. One of the most severe deficiencies is in protein because of the poor quality and imbalanced diets due to lack of nutritional knowledge and ignorance of the special needs of large groups of people such as pregnant and lactating …

The Self-Concept And Self-Actualization Of University Faculty In Relation To Student Perceptions Of Effective Teaching, A. Paul King

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between student ratings of university instructors and instructors' self-concept and self-actualization. During the academic year 1970-71, students rated faculty members teaching undergraduate courses from the "Illinois Course Evaluation Questionnaire", Instructors rated high or in the top three deciles were defined in this study as "good" or "effective" teachers, and those rated low or in the lower three deciles were defined as "poor" or "ineffective" instructors. Sixty-eight percent or 118 of the instructors in these categories submitted to two psychological tests--the "Index of Adjustment and Values" and the …

The Effects And Desirability Of Utilizing Dried Whey In Selected Food Products, Katherine P. Robinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects and desirability of utilizing dried whey in pie crust, muffins, and beef gravies were studied using taste panel evaluations and objective testings.

In pastry the addition of whey caused significant changes. As the whey level increased to 10 percent of the flour weight, the crust became browner during baking and the shortometer recorded an increase in tenderness. The taste panel noted as whey levels increased to 10 percent and above that the color became yellow instead of creamy white; the flavor became undesirable; and pastry became less tender and flaky.

Whey significantly increased the desirability of muffins by …

The Production Of Acceptable Baked Products In The Electronic Oven, Lois Irene Knudsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose was to find the adjustments needed to make acceptable pies, cookies and muffins baked in the electronic oven. The products were evaluated by a taste panel and by objective tests. The results of both tests supported each other.

The best bottom pie crust had an extra tablespoon of liquid added to the pastry and was precooked before the filling was added. It was both flaky and tender.

No leavening and one-fourth more liquid produced the most acceptable cookies. They were more like standard cookie in height, texture, moisture and tenderness.

It was found that one-half the amount of …

Eating Quality Of Beef: Influence Of Cooking Method; Sires; Mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, And P), Lipid, And Nitrogen Content, Elisabeth E. Ream

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence on eating quality of beef of cooking method, sires, mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and P), lipid, and nitrogen content was determined by objective measurements, sensory evaluations, cooking losses, and chemical analysis. Two adjacent arm and two adjacent rib roasts from 18 Herford animals were used. The arm and rib (sixth to eighth ribs) roasts were deboned, cut in half, and randomly assigned to the conventional or electronic ovens for dry roasting to the medium-rare stage (145 F, 147 F). Roasts of the ninth to twelfth ribs were dry-roasted in a meat research oven at 325 F …

The Influence Of Various Energy Sources On Microbial Protein Synthesis From Biuret As Determined By Artificial Rumen Fermentation, Jenny Eggleston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, cornstarch, crested wheatgrass, glucose, molasses and solka floc were fermented with rumen fluid obtained from sheep that were adapted or unadapted to feed grade biuret (Kedlor) in their diet. Each rumen fluid and substrate combination was subjected to three nitrogen treatments: (1) control, (2) nitrogen added as feed grade biuret and (3) reagent grade biuret in a factoral arrangement of treatments. In vitro fermentations were terminated at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the protein nitrogen insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was determined.

Molasses and cornstarch fermentation residues increased while barley, crested wheatgrass, glucose and solka floc decreased …

A Procedure For Measuring Residual Rennin Activity In Whey And Curd From Freshly Coagulated Milk, Jorge Reyes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A procedure was developed for measuring residual rennin activity in curd extracts and whey. A sensitive substrate at pH 5.8 was prepared by mixing 6 grams of low-heat nonfat dry milk in 500 milliliters buffer containing 0.05 molar cacodylic acid, 0.02 molar calcium chloride, and 0.012 molar triethanolamine, and storing it at 2 degrees centigrade for 18 hours. Two milliliters of whey or curd extract were inoculated into 25 milliliters of substrate at 30 degrees centigrade. The coagulation time was measured and compared to that induced by 2 milliliters of a known rennin concentration added at the same time to …

Effects Of Controlled Atmosphere Storage On Quality And Certain Physiological Characteristics Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L., Cultivar "Great Lakes"), Christopher Chi-Chuen Yang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lettuce heads (Cultivar "Great Lakes") were stored in different concentrations of O₂ and CO₂, including 1 percent O₂ and 1 percent CO₂, 2.5 percent O₂ and 2.5 percent CO₂, 5 percent O₂ and 0 percent CO₂, and 5 percent O₂ and 5 percent CO₂; temperatures of 35 and 70 F; and with or without microbe- and senescence-inhibiting chemicals and packaging. The samples were taken on the twentieth and fortieth days in the first series of experiments; and in the subsequent experiments, on the fifteenth, thirtieth, …

Factors Affecting The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Capable Of Producing Enterotoxins A, B, C And D In Sterile Milk, Manoj A. Divatia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus strains, in the presence of different starter [2:1 (V/V) blend of AM₂:ML₈ strains of Streptococcus lactis] levels was investigated. Sterile, 10 per cent non-fat dry milk was inoculated with S. aureus strains capable of producing all types of enterotoxins, and reduced levels of starters; and was incubated at 32 C for 24 hours. The pH and S. aureus population were determined at 2 hour intervals until 8 hours and at 24 hours. The inhibitory response of lactic streptococci was studied by spot-tests on a lawn of S. aureus strains. …

The Effects Of Telone And Related Compounds On The Synthesis And Degradation Of Carotenoids In Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The incorporation of 3-¹⁴C-,B-hydroxy-, B-methylglutaric acid (HMG) vii into carotenoids of excised etiolated maize shoots, crude cell free extracts and soluble extracts (20, 000 x g) of maize was investigated. HMG was effectively incorporated into carotenoids of excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts. The excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts incorporated 2-¹⁴C-mevalonic acid (MVA) into carotenoids as well. The results indicated the presence of HMG-CoA reductase in the plant as well as an HMG activating enzyme. The soluble extract showed a pH optimum of 7. 0 for incorporation of HMG into …

Certain Changes In Chemical Composition Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Stored In Controlled Atmosphere, Don Jeng Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of four different combinations of treatments and storage; i.e., controlled atmosphere (2.5 percent O₂ and 2.5 percent CO₂), controlled atmosphere in combination with phaltan (1,000 ppm), controlled atmosphere with packaging in polyethylene bags, controlled atmosphere with phaltan and packaging in polyethylene bags, as well as conventional refrigeration, on the chemical composition of lettuce heads (Cultivar "Great Lakes") during 75 days of storage. Analyses of total sugars, starch, reducing sugars, total organic acids, free amino acids, soluble proteins, pH, titratable acidity, and total carotenes were made on the fifteenth, thirtieth, …

Immunological Response Of Rats Fed Decreasing Levels Of Dietary Iron And Calcium With Or Without Vitamin D, Bernice Nell Neibaur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A considerable amount of research has shown that a severe dietary deficiency of protein or vitamins will markedly depress antibody synthesis. Very little work has been done with the effect of mineral deficiencies on antibody production, and no evidence has been presented showing the relationship of the effects of small changes in nutrient intake to the sensitivity of the antibody response to small degrees of malnutrition and the relationship of dietary iron, calcium and vitamin D to the production of antibodies.

In two experiments, it was shown that as the level of iron in the diet is decreased, the production …

Effects Of Soil Fumigations With Telone And Nemagon On Physio-Chemical And Ultrastructural Changes In Carrot Roots And Sweet Corn Seeds, Maureen Mei-Chu Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Royal Chantenay) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Iochief) were grown on the Utah State University's Greenville farm in 1969 and 1970. The soil was fumigated with Telone (a mixture of 1, 3-dichloropropene and other chlorinated hydrocarbons) at the rates of 10, 20, and 30 gal/acre and Nemagon (1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) at the rates of 1, 2, and 3 gal/acre one week before planting. Samples of uniformly mature carrot roots were taken for the studies of total carotenes, β-carotene, total and reducing sugars, respiration, and ultrastructural changes; and those of sweet corn seeds for the …

Serum Lipids And Urinary Estrogens Of Non-Pregnant Menstruating Young Women, Shiao-Fan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twelve university women students served as experimental subjects in a study of the serum lipids and urinary estrogens of healthy nonpregnant menstruating young women, who were living under their usual conditions.

The subjects maintained constant weight on their ordinary diets during the entire study period. Antecubital blood and 24-hour urine specimens were collected on certain days which represented different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative analyses were made on serum total cholesterol, lipid phosphorus (phospholipids), triglycerides and total lipids. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of each serum lipid component was also made. Urinary estrone, 17β- estradiol and …

Effects Of Zinc Deficiency On Hemoglobin, Red Cell Counts, Red Cell Fragility And Circulating And Storage Levels Of Zinc, Iron And Copper In The Rat, Rekha R. Dalvi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of zinc deficiency on hemoglobin, red cell counts, red cell fragility, storage of erythropoietic minerals in livers and circulating levels of zinc, iron and copper in the rat.

In the experiment 1, twenty weanling rats were divided into four groups. Two groups were fed zinc-deficient diet ( <0.5 ppm); and two groups, zinc-supplemented diet (50 ppm). The rats in the first and third groups were bled three times a week (bled), however the rats in remaining groups were bled once a week (non-bled). All rats received ad libitum food.

Mean food intake per day was considerably less for zinc-deficient rats than that for zinc-supplemented rats. Approximately 2 to 3 times as much food was required for each gram of body weight gained by the zinc-deficient group as by the controls.

In the experiment 2, …

The Regulatory Effects Of Certain S-Triazine Compounds On The Nutritive Composition Of Seeds And Leaves Of The Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) And Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L.) And Responses Of Metabolic Systems, Ming-Tsung Wu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the influence of eight s-triazine compounds--simazine, atrazine, terbutryne, GS-14254, propazine, prometryne, prometone, and ametryne--on the composition of seeds of peas and sweet corn through soil and foliar application. In order to understand the mechanism of the effects of these a-triazines on protein accumulation, the responses of the metabolic systems of pea and sweet corn seedlings to s-triazine treatment was studied with emphasis on the stimulation of certain enzymes, and the changes in the rates of incorporation of ¹⁴C-L-leucine (U) into soluble protein. In addition, the effect of simazine on the ultrastructure …

Role Of Transition Metals In Nitrite Decomposition In Soil, J. S. Bajwa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Iron and copper increased the decomposition of nitrite significantly during the first two hours of reaction when 150 parts per million (ppm) of nitrite and nitrogen was added to an acidic soil. Manganese was found to have a slight effect. There was no additional effect of the added metals after two hours reaction time.

The higher concentration of metals was not effective in catalyzing the decomposition of the added nitrite in nitrogen. All the added nitrite nitrogen was not recovered and the deficit could be due to the formation of nitrogen gas.

The Nitrogen Budget Of Two Salt Desert Shrub Plant Communities Of Western Utah, Richard S. Bjerregaard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The nitrogen budgets of Eurotia lanata (Pursh.) Moq. and Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. and Frem.) S. Wats salt desert shrub plant communities were investigated. In each, a complete biomass and organic nitrogen inventory was made. In addition, investigations of the nitrogen fixation potential of soil surface microflora and inorganic soil nitrogen relationships were carried out.

Greater total biomass and organic nitrogen was found in the above-ground portions, annual shoot productivity, and litter of the Atriplex community. However, the Atriplex community was exceeded by the Eurotia community in root biomass. Roots accounted for 74 and 87 percent of the plant biomass and …