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What Makes An Animal Choose A Forage, Elizabeth A. Burritt, Frederick D. Provenza

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Consider the following scenarios: To cut the costs of ranching a researcher explores feeding cattle ammoniated straw in winter. Some of the cows maintain themselves on the diet while others lose weight, produce less milk and fail to conceive. A producer in Missouri plants a pasture rich in legumes and high in crude protein, yet his cattle prefer moldy hay and endophyte infected tall fescue to the legumes. Why do animals behave this way? Animals are thought to prefer foods that are palatable but what is palatability? We define palatability as the interrelationship between a food's flavor and postingestive feedback …

Insights, Fall, 2002, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Effect Of Processing Conditions On Microstructure Of Milk Fat Fraction/Sunflower Oil Blends., Silvana Martini, M. L. Herrera, R. W. Hartel

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The effect of processing conditions on the crystallization of blends of a high-melting milk fat fraction and sunflower oil was investigated. Two cooling rates were selected for all studies: 0.1°C/min (slow rate) and 5.5°C/min (fast rate). Blends were crystallized in two conditions: (i) with agitation in an 80-mL crystallizer (dynamic), and (ii) on a microscope slide without agitation (static). The selected crystallization temperatures were 25, 30, and 35°C for both cooling rates. Photographs of the development of crystals with time were taken in both static and dynamic conditions, and the crystal size distribution was determined at the moment that the …

Effect Of Sucrose Esters And Sunflower Oil Addition On Microstructure Of A High-Melting Milk Fat Fractions, Silvana Martini, M. C. Puppo, R. W. Hartel, M. L. Herrera

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The effects of sunflower oil (SFO) and the sucrose esters (SE) P-1670, P-170, and S-170 on crystalline microstructure of a high-melting milk fat fraction (HMF) was studied by polarized-light microscopy (PLM) and confocal laser scanning microsopy (CLSM). The addition of SFO markedly diminished crystal size and delayed crystallization kinetics, as observed in PLM images. Addition of P-1670 modified crystallization behavior only slightly. Addition of P-170 and S-170, however, markedly diminished crystal size and led to more transparent crystals, with lower amount of solids in each crystal. These results show that the microstructural properties of HMF were modifed by addition of …

Effect Of Sucrose Esters On Isothermal Crystallization And Rheological Behaviors Of Blends Of High-Melting Milk Fat Fraction And Sunflower Oil, M. C. Puppo, Silvana Martini, R. W. Hartel, M. L. Herrera

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Crystallization kinetics and rhelogical behavior of blends of high-melting milk-fat fraction (HMF) and sunflower oil (SFO) with and without addition of the sucrose esters P-170, S-170, and P-1670 were investigated. Addition of sucrose esters delayed crystallization, as was evidenced by the longer induction times of crystallization (t) and the lower maximum solid fat content (Smax). Values of penetration force and time corresponding to the 1st peak of curves force compared with time also diminished with addition of SFO. When sucrose esters were added, a solid fat content greater than 10% at the 1st crystallization temperature was necessary to give a …

Estate Planning Basics: Getting Started, Barbara Rowe

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Chrysomela Scripta, Plagiodera Versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), And Trichoplusia Ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Track Specific Leaf Developmental Stages, D.A. Wait, J.S. Coleman, C.G. Jones

Aspen Bibliography

It is well recognized that host-specialized folivores prefer to feed on young in comparison to old leaves. However, the capacity of young leaf feeders to track specific leaf developmental stages has not been clearly demonstrated. Using three insect folivores and two plant species, we show that nitrogen (N) fertilization changes leaf development and that herbivores track these changes in leaf development. Nicotiana tabacum L. and Populus deltoides Bartram were fertilized at two and three rates of N addition, respectively. Plants with high rates of N supply had faster growth, greater leaf area, and faster leaf initiation rates than plants receiving …

2001 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Fruit Production, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Strategic Management Plan For Columbian Sharp-Tailed Grouse 2002, State Of Utah, Department Of Natural Resoures, Division Of Wildlife Resources

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) is one of seven subspecies of Sharp-tailed Grouse. Historically, Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse occurred within sagebrush-native bunch grass habitat throughout the intermountain region, extending from British Columbia, Washington, Idaho and Montana south through portions of Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico. Sharp-tailed Grouse populations range-wide began declining during 1880-1920 (Bart 2000). By 1936, the range of distribution had been reduced by two-thirds (Hart et al. 1950). Currently, Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse occur in only 5 % of their historic range-wide distribution and 4% of their distribution in Utah (Bart 2000). Within the …

Insights, Spring, 2002, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

The Role Of Injury And Rain In The Infection Of Leaves By Erwinia Amylovora, Scott C. Ockey

Biology

Erwinia amylovora dissemination was studied by sampling apple and pear leaves before and after a precipitation event. All pear and apple experiments revealed similar trends for the temporal and spatial nature of E. amylovora. Rain dispersed the bacteria to leaves only a short distance from the infection and survived less than 24 hours on the leaf. An experiment was designed to determine leaf age susceptibility to inoculation by E. amylovora when leaves were subjected to injury types that simulated hail, wind-blown rain, and rain dispersal. Succulent leaves in the hail and rain dispersal treatments were more susceptible to infection …

Effects Of Myxobolus Cerebralis On The Population Dynamics Of Kokanee In Porcupine Reservoir, Utah, Arthur E. Butts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study tracked the chronology and severity of Myxobolus cerebralis infection and related it to survival of age-0 kokanee to determine whether M. cerebralis represented a significant agent of morality in the population. Environmental conditions and losses to predation were identified and linked to age-0 kokanee survival to identify other sources of mortality in the population. We attempted to track survival of age-0 kokanee from the outmigration into the reservoir until the end of the first growing season in September of each year. The number of age-0 kokanee that entered the reservoir was calculated by obtaining estimates of total egg …

Family And Consumer Sciences Preservice Teachers' Computer Technology Preparation, Kathy C. Croxall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the preparation of Family and Consumer Sciences (FACS) preservice teachers to teach FACS content using computer technology, a study that had not previously been undertaken. The focus of the study was FACS methods classes and activities, as reported by FACS teacher educators. A survey instrument was developed to determine how computer technology is incorporated into, modeled by the teacher, and required of students in FACS methods courses. The support FACS teacher educators receive from their college or university for teaching with technology, teacher educators' perceived computer skill and comfort levels, …

The Effect Of Ginkgo Biloba On Alzheimer's Disease, Allison Marie Wozney

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive dementia associated with increasing loss of memory, intellectual function, and disturbances in speech. It is the most common form of dementia. It is an incurable disease and has four stages which culminate in coma and death. The average survival rate for Alzheimer's is seven years. Presently, the only treatments approved in the United States for Alzheimer's are the drugs tacrine and donepezil. These drugs improve cognitive function in early Alzheimer's. However, Ginkgo biloba has recently been looked at as another treatment option and has been approved for use in Germany. Ginkgo Biloba was originally used …

Eating Trends In Childhood, Emily Willmore

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Children ages 6 through 11 years are progressing in many aspects of their life. Of interest, children are establishing eating patterns that will be carried throughout their lives. Some of these patterns can be considered problematic and need to be addressed, these include: overfeeding or obesity, adequacy of major minerals and establishing healthy eating patterns. We conclude that while some children's eating patterns are problematic, there are means to resolve these trends. They include counseling, family involvement, physical exercise and nutrition education in school at a young age.

Parents Of Children With Severe Disabilities: Parental Stress, Depression, And The Marital Relationship, Melinda W. Christensen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper provides an overview of parental stress and depression in families with children diagnosed with severe cognitive disabilities. Previous research on parents with children with disabilities was reviewed. Studies were selected from peer-reviewed journal articles that specifically included children with an IQ below 70 or a noted cognitive impairment of a severe degree. Children in the study had to be living at home and below the age of 21. Significant levels of stress and depression were not found consistently in the studies reviewed. Parents of children with disabilities did report levels of stress and depression above the control groups …

The Obesity Epidemic: Characteristics Of Successful Weight Management Programs And Colorado's Approach, Michele Singer

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Obesity is rapidly growing in the United States with no sign of decreasing with current treatment options available to Americans (1). There are many treatments for obesity, but few are effective. The State of Colorado has numerous community nutrition programs available to its residents ranging from government programs such as universities and state health departments to healthcare providers and volunteer organizations such as the American Heart Association. Current treatments that are available for overweight and obese individuals include commercial programs, popular diet books, Internet programs, and individualized counseling. This paper will discuss different treatments and their efficacy, successful weight loss …

The Effect Of Lactobacillus Helveticus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii Ssp. Shermanii Combinations On Propensity For Split Defect In Swiss Cheese, Steven R. White

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the least controlled defects in Swiss cheese is development of splits. Split defect is characterized by fissures or cracks in the body of the cheese that can be as short as 1 cm in length or long enough to span a 90-kg block. This defect appears during refrigerated storage after the cheese is removed from the warm room. Swiss cheese with splits is downgraded because it is unsuitable for use on high-speed slicing equipment (up to 1,000 slices per minute).

A 2x2x2 factorial experiment was used to determine the effect of different commercial Lactobacillus helveticus starters combined with …

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement Time In People With Cystic Fibrosis, Sarah Gunnell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients at the Intermountain Cystic Fibrosis Center who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placed between 1993 and 1999. Height velocity improved significantly in the group of patients with a PEG placed; however, pulmonary function declined more significantly over time.

Questionnaires regarding attitude toward PEG placement were sent to patients enrolled in accredited cystic fibrosis centers in the mountain west region and to their parents. The overall response rate was 54.25% for the PEG questionnaire and 24% for the non-PEG questionnaire. Ninety-six percent of the patients with a PEG reported that weight …

Aromatic Amino Acid Catabolism By Lactobacillus Spp.: Biochemistry And Contribution To Cheese Flavor Development, Sanjay Gummalla

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Amino acids derived from the degradation of casein in cheese serve as precursors for the generation of desirable and undesirable flavor compounds. Microbial degradation of aromatic amino acids is associated with the formation of aroma compounds that impart putrid-fecal, barny-utensil, and floral off-flavors in cheese, but pathways for their production had not been established. This study investigated Tyr and Phe catabolism by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus cheese flavor adjuncts under simulated Cheddar cheese-ripening conditions (pH 5.2, 4% NaCl, 15°C, no sugar). Enzyme assays of cell-free extracts and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of supernatants indicated that L. casei and L. …

Rapid Actions Of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 On Phosphate Uptake In Isolated Chick Intestinal Cells, Bin Zhao

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] has been shown to promote phosphate transport rapidly in the perfused duodenal loop, relative to controls, reaching treated/av basal at T = 40 min = 1.82 ± 0.42 and 1.11 ± 0.21, respectively.

By using isolated chick enterocytes, studies were undertaken to determine whether 1,25(OH)₂D₃ has a direct effect on isolated intestinal cells that is manifested by either enhanced uptake or extrusion of phosphate.

In time course studies, with 4- to 8-wk-old chicks, ³²P uptake in enterocytes at 10 min after addition of test substance was 0%, 130%, …

Affinity Purification And Characterization Of E. Coli Molecular Chaperones, Seung-Hee Nam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The molecular chaperones are a group of proteins that are effective in vitro and in vivo folding aids and show a well documented affinity for proteins lacking tertiary structure.

Heat-induced Escherichia coli BL21 cell lysate (10 mg protein) was applied to immobilized ɑ-casein (45 mg/g beads) or β-casein (30 mg/g beads) column. After removing a majority of nonspecifically bound proteins with 1 M NaCl, the molecular chaperones were eluted with cold water, 1 mM Mg-ATP, or 6 M urea. Western analysis identified five Escherichia coli molecular chaperones including DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE, GroEL, and GroES. Among samples, ATP eluates showed the …

Dietary Protein Intake As Measured By A Picture-Sort Food Frequency Questionnaire And Risk Of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture In Aging Residents Of Utah, Heidi Jensen Wengreen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein is an important component of bone, but the role of dietary protein intake in osteoporosis remains controversial. The Utah picture-sort food frequency questionnaire was found to produce a useful estimation of usual dietary intake in the elderly. This method of dietary assessment was used in a population-based case-control study to examine the relationship between protein intake and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly Utah residents. Analyses of risk of hip fracture across increasing quartiles of protein intake were stratified by age-group. Higher protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture in men and women aged …

Effect Of Chemical Parameters On Structure-Function Relationships Of Cheese, Andres J. Pastorino

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of chemical parameters on cheese structure and functionality was studied by modifying the calcium, salt content, and pH of cheese. Cheese blocks were high-pressure injected from zero to five times with water, solutions of different salts, or an acid solution 14 d after manufacture. Successive injections were performed 24 h apart. After 40-42 d of refrigerated storage, cheese structure was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and digital image analysis, and cheese functionality was characterized by texture profile analysis and melting test.

Increased salt content of cheese (2.7 versus 0.1%) caused the protein matrix to become more hydrated …

Physiological Importance Of 1,25(Oh)2D3 Membrane-Initiated And Nuclear Actions In Chickens As A Function Of Growth, And Maturation In Male And Female Chickens, Birgitta Larsson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is well established that l,25(OH)₂D₃ is a major regulator of calcium homeostasis. The steroid exerts its effects on its target organs by two mechanisms, a slow mechanism mediated by nuclear vitamin D receptors (nVDR), and a rapid mechanism mediated by the l,25(OH)₂D₃ membrane-associated rapid response steroid binding protein (l,25D₃-MARRS bp). In this dissertation, the physiological relevance of membrane initiated steroid signaling was investigated by studying the correlation of age in male and female chickens with the magnitude of responses to l,25(OH)₂D₃ in duodena from 7-, 14-, 28-, and …

Tryptophan Catabolism In Brevibacterium Linens Bl2, Madhavi Ummadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent studies suggest aromatic amino acid catabolism by starter lactococci and flavor adjunct bacteria have a significant impact on off-flavor development during Cheddar cheese ripening. We hypothesized that a flavor adjunct bacterium, Brevibacterium linens BL2, produces off-flavor compounds from aromatic amino acid metabolism that will have a detrimental impact on cheese flavor.

The mechanism of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in Brevibacterium linens BL2, was investigated in a chemically defined medium during incubation in laboratory conditions (no carbohydrate, pH 6.50, 220 rpm, 25°C) and cheese-like conditions (no carbohydrate, 4% NaCl, static incubation, l5°C). In laboratory conditions, metabolic studies and enzyme assays confirmed …

Binge Eating Disorder And Its Relationship To Bulimia Nervosa And Obesity, Lara Schultz Lacaille

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent research indicates that 2% to 4% of the population meet diagnostic criteria for the newly proposed binge eating disorder, and that it is much more common (30%) among the treatment-seeking obese. Although recognized as a significant problem, binge eating disorder is l1l not well understood, and there is debate about whether binge eating disorder is a distinct disorder. It has been argued that binge eating disorder is simply a variant or milder form of bulimia nervosa and not a separate and distinct disorder. Researchers have begun to study this population in greater depth in order to assess the characteristics …

Adoption Of Range Management Innovations By Utah Livestock Producers, Elizabeth Anne Didier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent years have seen changes in ecological conditions, ownership patterns, and political-legal forces that affect the sustainability of Western range livestock production. Enterprise diversification and implementation of improvements are advocated as ways for ranchers to cope with marginal returns from ranching while better managing resources. However, relatively few ranchers make such substantive changes in their operations, and previous research suggests that rates of adoption may be especially low in Utah.

Using a qualitative approach, this study explored innovation adoption among Utah ranchers. During preliminary interviews with 13 key informants, commitment to traditional ranching lifestyles, the state's settlement pattern, and availability …

Food Safety Of Beef - From The Farm To The Table, Charlotte Brennand, Kevin Heaton

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.