Digital Commons Network^™

Constraints On Unroofing Rates In The High Himalaya, Eastern Nepal, Mary S. Hubbard, L. H. Royden, K. V. Hodges

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Thermobarometric data for samples across the Main Central thrust zone in eastern Nepal show an inversion in temperature but not in pressure. These data have been interpreted to represent a portion of the paleogeotherm at the time of Main Central thrust deformation. A 40Ar/39Ar age on hornblende (closure temperature (Tc)=500±50°C) constrains the timing of this deformation to be ∼21±0.2 Ma. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of other minerals (muscovite, Tc=350°C, age (t)=12.0±0.2 Ma; K-feldspar, Tc=220°C, t=8.0±0.2 Ma) from the same location further constrain the cooling history of this region. Together the geochronologic and thermobarometric data yield an average unroofing rate of 1.2±0.6 …

Hydrogeology Of Thrust Faults And Crystalline Thrust Sheets: Results Of Combined Field And Modeling Studies, Craig B. Forster, James P. Evans

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Field, laboratory, and modeling studies of faulted rock yield insight into the hydraulic character of thrust faults. Late‐stage faults comprise foliated and subparallel faults, with clay‐rich gouge and fracture zones, that yield interpenetrating layers of low‐permeability gouge and higher‐permeability damage zones. Laboratory testing suggests a permeability contrast of two orders of magnitude between gouge and damage zones. Layers of differing permeability lead to overall permeability anisotropy with maximum permeability within the plane of the fault and minimum permeability perpendicular to the fault plane. Numerical modeling of regional‐scale fluid flow and heat transport illustrates the impact of fault zone hydrogeology on …

Theoretical Vibrational Study Of Fx...Nh3 (X=H, D, Li) Complexes, Y. Bouteiller, Z. Latajka, H. Ratajczak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

This paper presents the first ab initio attempt to construct the stretching fundamentals ν_FX and ν_F...N (X=H, D, Li) in the FX...NH₃ complexes taking into account the mechanical anharmonicity. A potential‐energy surface V(r_FX,R_F...N) grid was generated at the self‐consistent‐field and second‐order Møller–Plesset levels. The coefficients fitting the potential‐energy surface up to the fourth order have been used to compute the ν_FX and ν_F...N stretching modes. The vibrational problem is solved by means of a variational treatment which includes the effects of mechanical …

Ab Initio Study Of Intermolecular Potential Of H2o Trimer, G. Chalasinski, M. M. Szczesniak, P. Cieplak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Nonadditive contribution to the interaction energy in water trimer is analyzed in terms of Heitler–London exchange, SCF deformation, induction and dispersion nonadditivities. Nonadditivity originates mainly from the SCF deformation effect which is due to electric polarization. However, polarization does not serve as a universal mechanism for nonadditivity in water. In the double‐donor configuration, for example, the Heitler–London exchange contribution is the most important and polarization yields the wrong sign. Correlation effects do not contribute significantly to the nonadditivity. A detailed analysis of the pair potential is also provided. The present two‐body potential and its components are compared to the existing …

Ab Initio Study Of The Intermolecular Potential Of Ar–H2o, G. Chalasinski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential‐energy surface of Ar–H₂O. The surface is very isotropic with the lowest barrier for rotation of ∼35 cm⁻¹ above the absolute minimum. The lower bound for D_e is found to be 108 cm⁻¹ and the complex reveals a very floppy structure, with Ar moving freely from the H‐bridged structure to the coplanar and almost perpendicular arrangement of the C₂ –water axis and the Ar–O axis, ‘‘T‐shaped’’ structure. This motion is almost isoenergetic (energy change …

Sectar: Model For Economically Optimal Sustained Groundwater Yield Planning, Richard C. Peralta, K. Asghari, R. N. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents an approach for computing economically optimal sustained yield ground-water extract ion strategies and supportable irrigated crop acreages. Computed regional strategies maximize the present value of net economic return_ They are useful for long-term agricultural planning because they are sustainable even beyond the planning period considered within the economic optimization. The hybrid approach uses only steady-state flow equations and iterative simulation/optimization to reduce optimization memory requirements below that required by conventional models utilizing both steady and unsteady equations. SECTAR, a quadratic optimization planning model assumes heads will evolve toward optimal steady-state but does initially not know the nonlinear …

Fresnel And Fraunhofer Diffraction: Development Of An Advanced Laboratory Experiment, Jeff Adams

Senior Theses and Projects

The purpose of this lab is to help the student become more familiar with, or get a better feel for what is actually occurring, when observing the effects of double slit diffraction patterns. In most sophomore labs dealing with double slit diffraction, the student simply determines the diffraction angle, and slit spacing, from marking the positions of the maxima on the screen. No attempt is made to measure the relative intensity of the interference pattern, and see how the experimental data compare with the theory of interference and diffraction. In an attempt to further clarify this phenomena, we will attempt …

Extension Of The Metal Light Pipe Infrared Spectroscopy Technique: Applications To Surface Adsorption And High Tc Superconductors, Torsten Will

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of an infrared instrument for the study of surface adsorption and high T_c superconductors is presented and its applicability is discussed. The use of and theoretical background for the metal light pipe multiple-reflection technique are discussed in comparison to other infrared devices. Measurements are carried out to determine its limitations with powdered substrates as well as its sensitivity limitation for thin films. The results of the two test measurements, adsorption of CO on MgO and investigation of the energy gap of high T_c superconductors, are presented. Comparisons of the spectra with the experimental and theoretical literature …

Microcirculatory Pathways And Blood Flow In Spleen: New Insights From Washout Kinetics, Corrosion Casts, And Quantitative Intravital Videomicroscopy, A. C. Groom, E. E. Schmidt, I. C. Macdonald

Scanning Microscopy

The dynamics of splenic microcirculatory blood flow and the role of the spleen with respect to red blood cells (RBCs) have been elucidated by means of several different experimental approaches. First, the organ was treated as a 'black box' and input/output relationships were studied, such as the kinetics of RBC and plasma washout during Ringer perfusion. Second, micro-corrosion casts were prepared from minimal amounts of injected material, such that 'fast' pathways for flow were selectively identified. Third, high-resolution video-microscopy was carried out in rat and mouse spleens transilluminated in vivo, with subsequent quantitative analysis of the data. New insights were …

The Hall Method In The Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Specimens: A Review, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

In the two decades since its inception by T.A. Hall, the continuum theory of quantification has become the general method for quantitative analysis of biological specimens. Although the method was originally developed for thin specimens, its use has been extended to thicker specimens, and it has also been used in quantitative determinations of local water content. The single most important difficulty in the application of the "Hall method" is the accurate calculation of the extraneous continuum, i.e., the continuum due to non-specimen sources. The different variations in methods for quantitative analysis of local water content are critically compared and a …

A Loading Device For Fracture Testing Of Compact Tension Specimens In The Scanning Electron Microscope, Jügen Rödel, James F. Kelly, Mark R. Stoudt, Stephen J. Bennison

Scanning Microscopy

A loading device for performing fracture experiments on compact tension specimens in the SEM has been designed. Its key elements are a piezoelectric translator for applying controlled displacements to the loading points on the specimen and a load cell to measure applied loads. The effective transmission of displacement from the piezoelectric driver to the specimen was found to be the major mechanical design problem. The peripheral equipment includes a function generator and a high voltage amplifier that drives the piezoelectric translator as well as a video overlay and standard video equipment to record the image continuously during the course of …

Microspacecraft And Earth Observation: The Electrical Field (Elf) Measurement Project, F.J. Redd, T.A. Olsen

Small Satellite Conference

Past attempts to map the earth's electrical field have been severely limited by the lack of simultaneous global measurements. Previous measurements have been made by sounding rocket and satellite borne sensors, but these measurements have covered only singular points in the field. These satellite observations are augmented by ground radar (incoherent scatter) plasma drift measurements; however, only six ground-based installations are producing such local electrical field maps. The expansion of this ground-based radar network to meet a global objective is politically and financially impossible. Global electrical field maps constructed by forcing mathematically formulated models to fit this limited set of …

Cheap Auroral Tomographical System (Cats), Dean Garlick, Andrew Goldfinger

Small Satellite Conference

The Cheap Auroral Tomographical System (CATS) consists of a large constellation of small, disposable satellites in a near polar orbit. CATS is designed to collect stereoscopic views of the earth environment that will be used for tomographical and earth environmental research. Each satellite will be identical and constructed of high-grade commercial parts, thus significantly reducing the cost of design, fabrication and components. The CATS constellation will be a significant step toward the demonstration and validation of the capability to develop, deploy and operate a proliferated system of small, inexpensive satellites. Additionally, CATS will gather valuable scientific data from the earth …

Altitude Reconstitution Of A Small Scientific Satellite Using A Limited Set Of On-Board Sensors, F. Martel, R. Warner, C. Wright, M. Psiaki

Small Satellite Conference

The ALEXIS spacecraft carries a limited set of attitude instruments on board. The scientific mission of ALEXIS requires "after the fact" knowledge of the spacecraft attitude at all times. Reconstitution of the attitude is performed as one of the permanent tasks of the microcomputer based ground station. ALEXIS carries a fine sun-sensor, an Infrared horizon crossing indicator and a magnetometer. Because of the orbital and attitude configurations horizon and sun will not be observed during sizable fractions of some orbits. The attitude will be estimated at all times by an extended fitter making use of whatever data is available. The …

Pegasus: A Geosynchronous Launch Profile, David Bearden, Shaun Anderson, Richard Shorthill

Small Satellite Conference

Pegasus is a low cost system which can carry a 600 pound payload to 250 nautical mile polar orbits as well as larger payloads to lower altitude/ lower inclination orbits or suborbital trajectories. The craft is carried aloft by a conventional transport/bomber-class aircraft and launched from level flight at approximately 40,000 ft. The first flight of Pegasus was made on April 5, 1990 over the Western Test Range at an altitude of 43,000 feet using the NASA B-52. The unmanned launch vehicle was developed jointly by Orbital Science Corporation (OSC) and Hercules Aerospace Company and the first flight which reached …

From Hela Cell Division To Infectious Diarrhoea, J. Stephen, M. P. Osborne, A. J. Spencer, A. Warley

Scanning Microscopy

Hela 83 cells were grown in suspension both randomly and, synchronously using hydroxyurea which blocks cells at the Gl/8 interface. Cryosections were prepared, freeze-dried and analyzed by X-ray microanalysis. As cells moved into S and through M phases [Na] and [Cl] increased; both returned to normal levels upon re-entering Gl phase. The Na/K ratio was 1:1 in Gl phase. Infection of HeLa 83 cells in Gl phase with vaccinia virus resulted in no change in intracellular [Na].

Infection of neonatal mice with murine rotavirus was localized to villus tip enterocytes and gave rise to diarrhoea which was maximal at 72h …

Superfund Record Of Decision: Monticello Mill Tailings (Doe), Ut First Remedial Action, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office Of Emergency And Remedial Response

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 300-acre Monticello Mill Tailings site is comprised of a 7S-acre inactive uranium and vanadium milling operation and affected peripheral properties in Monticello, San Juan County, Utah. Surrounding land use is rural residential and agricultural. The site overlies a shallow alluvial aquifer, and part of the site lies within the floodplain of Montezuma Creek. Approximately IS-acres of wetlands adjacent to Montezuma Creek also have been contaminated by tailings. In 1940, the site was operated as a vanadium ore-buying station. Milling of ore began in 1942, and a vanadium/uranium sludge product was produced onsite from 1943 to 1944. Onsite uranium milling …

Chemical And Reconstruction Induced Surface Core-Level Shifts: H On Low-Index W Surfaces, D. Mark Riffe, G. K. Wertheim, P. H. Citrin

All Physics Faculty Publications

The H-induced shift of the surface-atom core-level binding energy in W(110) is shown to arise from two distinct effects, one chemical in nature and the other structural. The structural shift supports a recently proposed (1p×1) reconstruction that turns on at ∼0.5 monolayer coverage. These new findings are used to provide a self-consistent interpretation of previously reported shifts from H-covered W(111) and W(100) surfaces.

Research Project Summaries (July 1989-December 1990), Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

From every side we hear of new threats to our water supply. Carcinogens, droughts, dam failures, global warming, hazardous wastes, deforestation, overpopulation, liability, and an aging infrastructure become household fears; this list grows longer and more foreboding to the average citizen. Some of these threats are real, while others are imaginary. Some we know how to overcome and others we can find ways to overcome, yet, for some, we are still helpless. The strength of a university lies in its success in stimulating inquisitive minds in critical examination of the problems of the world. People sense hope as experts find …

The Daytime Wind In Valleys Adjacent To The Great Salt Lake, G. L. Stone, D. Hoard

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

In 1986 Los Alamos National Laboratory was engaged by the US Army to study the meteorological aspects of emergency preparedness at several sites where toxic materials are stored and handled. The project included a series of tracer and meteorological field experiments in the vicinity of the Tooele Army Depot, 60 km southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. These experiments generated a large data set for validating numerical simulations and for empiracal analyses of the local meteorology. This paper discusses the main characteristics of the daytime, up-valley flow at the Utah site, including frequency of occurrence, horizontal and vertical structure, and …

Effects Of Alternative Furrow Irrigation Parameters On Pesticide Movement In Cropped Areas In Utah, Antonio Maria Requena, Ahmad Yar Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Majid Ehteshami, Robert W. Hill

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Production of adequate supplies of food and fiber currently requires that pesticides be used to limit crop losses caused by insects, pathogens, weeds and other pests. Although pesticides are necessary in today' s agriculture, they can be a serious problem if they reach and contaminate ground water, especially where drinking water needs are met by ground water. The relative reduction of potential ground-water contamination due to agricultural use of pesticides was analyzed for particular sites in Utah. The potential reduction of pesticides in ground water was considered by utilizing alternative irrigation systems, water management practices and pesticides. A one-dimensional simulation …

Perceptions Of The Honors Program, Andrea Price

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The purpose of this project was to measure how aware the students and faculty of Utah State University are of the Honors Program and its offerings. Questionnaires were sent to a random selection of faculty, students, and Honors students.

Mars And Beyond: The Solar System Beckons, Frank J. Redd

Faculty Honor Lectures

To space zealots, 1989 was the year the drought ended. The space shuttle was operational again; Voyager's grand reconnaissance of the Solar System climaxed with the glorious encounter with the planet Neptune and its startling moon, Triton; the launches of the Magellan spacecraft to Venus and the Gallileo to Jupiter broke a decade long hiatus in the launch of U.S. planetary missions; and, for the first time in over twenty years, a U.S. president announced a daring new initiative in human exploration with the goal of first returning humans to the Moon, then going on to Mars.

Lecture 15: Who Grades The Graders?, Lawrence O. Cannon

Last Lectures

No abstract provided.

Pair-Correlation Kinetics And The Reversible Diffusion-Controlled Reaction, David Peak, D C. Greenlaw, L A. Schick

All Physics Faculty Publications

It has long been known that the time course of a bimolecular reaction occurring in a condensed host depends on the behavior of the nonequilibrium pair-correlation function for reactant pairs. The classical analysis of such reactions has led to a kind of standard rule: The association rate constant for a diffusion-controlled reaction is 4πDR and this rate constant produces the fastest possible kinetics. This result is only (approximately) true for the case of an irreversible reaction, however. Here, we reexamine this old problem, looking closely at the reversible case. We report a result that challenges the standard wisdom: When the …

Rate Equation And Scaling For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, Boyd F. Edwards, M. Cai, H. Han

All Physics Faculty Publications

A linear rate equation describes fragmentation with continuous and discrete mass loss typified by consumption of porous reactive solids and two-phase heterogeneous solids. For a mass-dependent fragmentation rate x^α and a continuous-mass-loss rate εx^γ,σ=γ-α-1<0 yields a>‘‘recession regime’’ where small particles lose mass continuously without breaking, σ>0 yields a ‘‘fragmentation regime’’ where all particles break, and σ=0 yields scaling for α>0. Shattering for α<0 and>σ≥0 is runaway fragmentation producing an infinte number of particles in a finite time, Exact and asymptotic solutions, exponent relations, and connections with static percolation are found.

Utah State University Commencement, 1990 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Seventh Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Applying Resource Based Competition Models To Variable Environments, Linda C. Abbott

Biology

Competition for resources can influence patterns of species abundance. Disturbances can alter the outcome of competition, and affect species diversity. In this study, a competition experiment was designed to quantify the effects of disturbance intensity and frequency on the outcome of algal competition for phosphorus. The disturbance chosen was an intermittently supplied limiting resource, phosphorus. The two algal species used represented divergent life history strategies. Pediastrum, a colonial, green alga, is adapted to exploit periods of high phosphorus concentration, while Staurastrum is the superior competitor in phosphorus poor environments. The competition experiment included five treatments that received phosphorus pulses …

The Effects Of Conditioned Reinforcers On Extinction When Delivered On Schedules Of Extinction, Linda L. Barnard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the present research was to examine extinction of responding with regard to the rapidity and thoroughness of the process when conditioned reinforcement was available on one of five schedules during extinction. Forty-five mixed-breed pigeons served as subjects with 15 in each of three experiments. Reinforcement training schedules were as follows: Experiment 1, continuous; Experiment 2, fixed ratio 15; Experiment 3, variable-interval one-minute. After training, subjects experienced one of five extinction procedures (here called schedules of extinction) which were as follows: traditional schedule without keylight did not provide conditioned reinforcement; traditional with keylight had the keylight on continuously …

Pesticide And Water Management Alternatives To Mitigate Potential Ground-Water Contamination For Selected Counties In Utah, Majid Ehteshami, Antonio M. Requena, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Robert W. Hill, Ahmad Yar Ranjha

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Production of adequate supplies of food and fiber currently requires that pesticides be used to limit crop losses from insects, pathogens, weeds and other pests. Although pesticides are necessary in today's agriculture, they can be a serious problem if they reach and contaminate ground water, especially in places where drinking water needs are supplied from ground water. The relative reduction of potential ground-water contamination due to agricultural use of pesticides was analyzed for particular sites in Utah. The potential reduction of pesticides in ground water was considered by utilizing alternative irrigation systems, water management practices and pesticides. A one-dimensional simulation …