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Low-Cost Harvesting Systems For Intensive Utilization In Small-Stem Lodgepole Pine Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

The study reported here had two objectives: (1) examine the feasibility of using inexpensive skidding equipment in a small-stem lodgepole pine stand in western Montana, and (2) determine forest residues volumes (unused wood) resulting from different ground skidding methods and utilization standards. Preharvest volumes, volumes removed, residues left on the ground, and unusable material hauled from the site were determined for various utilization standards. The efficiency of skidding with a horse, small tractor, and small rubber-tired skidder were compared.

Timelag And Equililbrium Moisture Content Of Ponderosa Pine Needles, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

The ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) timber type covers nearly 9 million acres in the Rocky Mountains. The needle litter cast by these trees produces a highly flammable fuel when conditions are dry. The capability for fires to start and spread depends largely on the moisture content of surface fuels and their response to environmental changes. This report summarizes the results of laboratory tests to determine equilibrium moisture contents and absorption-desorption timelags below fiber saturation of ponderosa pine needles. Conducting the tests at conditions below fiber saturation eliminated consideration of the movement of free water and possible leaching of the …

Predicting Slash Depth For Fire Modeling, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Slash or debris created by harvesting and thinning are a major fire management problem because these residues can create unacceptable fire behavior hazards. Treating slash to maintain an acceptable fire hazard is expensive and requires skillful decisionmaking. An inexpensive, simple-to-use, yet objective means of appraising the potential fire behavior of slash is added to aid decisions in managing slash. Knowledge of potential fire behavior can help determine treatment alternatives, the financing of slash treatment activities, and even determine whether the slash should be created. This report describes a method for predicting depth of slash fuels for analytical modeling of fire …

Effects Of Burning Moist Fuels On Seedbed Preparation In Cutover Western Larch Forests, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Natural seeding is normally the preferred method of regenerating conifers in the Northern Rocky Mountains (Schmidt and Shearer 1973). Some seedbed preparation is usually necessary for successful natural regeneration. Shade intolerant species such as western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) regenerate best on bare mineral soil.

Converting Forest Residue To Structural Flakeboard - The Fingerling Concept, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Structural-grade flakeboard experimentally manufactured from forest residues showed mean strengths above 5,500 psi and stiffness (MOE) above 600,000 psi. For economical transport, residues are chipped into "fingerlings" in the woods. Chipping rates are estimated at 50 tons per hour for large residues, and 15 tons per hour for small residues -- using different machines. Depending on the harvesting system selected, estimated costs of fingerlings delivered to the mill range from $25 to $33 per bone-dry ton for systems other than cable yarders.

A Hydrologic Model Of Aspen-Conifer Succession In The Western United States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Hydrologic impacts of grass-forb to aspen to conifer succession in the Rocky Mountain area are simulated by means of a fundamental model. Model algorithms representing hydrologic processes are sensitive to vegetational changes within the subalpine vegetation zone. Reductions in water yield are predicted as the vegetation on a small Utah watershed proceeds from a grass-forb type to aspen to conifers. Streamflow changes are largely attributable to an interaction between seasonal consumption for each vegetation type and the influence of vegetation type on snowpack. The model synthesizes present understanding and provides a framework for future watershed research.

Weight And Density Of Crowns Of Rocky Mountain Conifers, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Relationships between live and dead crown weight and d.b.h. (ranging from 0 to 40 inches), tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 conifer species in the Rocky Mountains. D.b.h. was highly correlated with crown weight; however, for most species, addition of height, crown length, and especially crown ratio improved precision. Site index and stand density improved precision of estimates slightly for about one-half of the species. Crown ratio accounted for most of the differences in crown weight between dominant and intermediate crown classes. Relationships between bole weights and d.b.h. and height are presented for trees up to 4 …

Effect Of Growing Season On Sprouting Of Blue Huckleberry, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Vaccinium globulare, blue huckleberry, was clipped on five dates from May 19 to August 4. All clipping treatments caused more lateral bud release than occurred in control plants. May, June, and early July treatments caused the same amount of dormant bud release. The amount of shoot growth from released buds corresponded to the amount of growing season remaining after treatment. Irregularity between plants in shoot development after the July 8 treatment and the lack of bud development after the August 4 treatment are attributed to the onset of seasonal bud dormancy.

Variation In Suckering Capacity Among And Within Lateral Roots Of An Aspen Clone, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Excised roots were used to determine variation in suckering capacity among and within lateral roots of an aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clone. Differences among lateral roots were significant. Within segments of a lateral root sucker production showed a high degree of polarity, increasing from the distal to proximal ends. There was no evidence of a gradient in suckering capacity in a segmented root; i.e., distal segments were not significantly different from proximal ones. This indicated that aging was not a factor regulating suckering within lateral roots. Sucker production was not affected by root length.

Terpenes For Indirect Selection Of Growth Potential In Rocky Mountain Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Possibilities of using terpene composition for indirect selection of growth potential were explored for Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. Volatile leaf oil analyses were made on 170 5-year-old seedlings that represented full-sib hybrid families, wind-pollinated parental lines of inland origin, and wind-pollinated parental lines of coastal origin. Correlation analyses showed that terpenes could not be used efficiently for indirect selection of growth potential in the inland variety. But, terpenes may be useful in selecting parental lines in programs of intervarietal hybridization.

Linear Measurement: A Method Of Estimating Fascicle Numbers For Larch Casebearer Population Sampling, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Branch samples collected from 23 plots in northern Idaho and western Montana in 1975 had a combined mean distribution of 3.13 fascicles/inch (1.23 fascicles/cm) of branch length. By subsampling, it is possible to determine cumulative lineal inches of branch necessary to obtain a sampling unit of 100 fascicles for a plot, eliminating the need for counting fascicles on each sample.

Genetic Variation In Susceptibility Of Western White Pine To Needle Blight, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Ten clones of western white pine differed in their susceptibility to white pine needle blight. Two clones were significantly less infected than the average and two clones were significantly more infected than the average. This variability suggests a simple inheritance, maybe just one or two genes.

Interstate 15 Through The Bear River Valley, U.S. Department Of Transportation

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

The Utah Ecology Project: Ecological Impact Of Weather Modification Studies In The Uinta Mountains, United States Deparment Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Elusive Documents

The Uinta Mountains are located in extreme northeastern Utah and

northwestern Colorado. The major portion of the range and all areas

rising above 3,050 m (10,000 ft) lie within five Utah counties (Daggett,

Duchesne, Summit, Uintah and Wasatch). The high elevation segment of

the range in Utah is commonly referred to as the High Uintas. This

report will consider only the so-called High Uintas.

The Application Of Ecosym Vegetation Classification To Rangelands Near Price, Utah, Don Shute, Neil E. West

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Desert Biome Aquatic Program: A Literature Search For Biological And Physical Parameters For Use In Estimation Of Zooplankton Production, J. Anne Holman

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Proposal To The National Science Foundation For The Desert Biome Program January 1, 1977-June 30, 1978, Frederic H. Wagner

Progress reports

No abstract provided.

Ecosym: A Classification And Information System For Wildland Resource Management-Final Report, J.A. Henderson, L.S. Davis

Progress reports

No abstract provided.

Ecosym-Plant Community Classification, Jan A. Henderson, Neil E. West

Progress reports

No abstract provided.

Time Lag In Diffusion-Controlled Nucleation, David Peak

All Physics Faculty Publications

Nucleation occurring in the presence of a dense solvent is accompanied by spatial correlations among the reactant clusters and monomers which affect the aggregation rates. The classical theory of nucleation, which does not take such correlations into account, overestimates the observed nucleation rate and underestimates the time lag in condensed systems. An explicit expression for the time lag in diffusion‐controlled nucleation is derived. Values associated with miscibility gap experiments differ from the classical predictions by factors of 5 to 10.

Photoelectron Flux Build-Up In The Plasmasphere, G P. Mantas, Herbert C. Carlson, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

Processes which confine photoelectrons to the plasmasphere (e.g., collisional backscattering from the thermosphere and magnetic trapping due to pitch angle redistribution through Coulomb collisions in the plasmasphere) tend to increase the steady state photoelectron flux in the plasmasphere above the amplitude level that would otherwise have been attained. Theoretical calculations are presented of steady state photoelectron fluxes in the plasmasphere, for specified atmospheric and ionospheric conditions. (Observational plasma line intensity data for these conditions exist and will be compared elsewhere.) General features of the angular distribution are presented and compared with observations. The transparency of the plasmasphere and the backscattering …

Mathematical Equations Describing Chick Performance And Carcass Composition As A Function Of Diet Protein And Energy Levels, Naiyana Nakhata

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous work at Utah State University determined minimum levels of different nutrients that would produce the maximum rate of gain or gain/feed ratio by feeding graded levels of the nutrients. Fitting broken lines to the data from work with one nutrient tended to underestimate the minimum requirement for that nutrient. It appeared that the response was not linear up to the level required to give maximum performance as the "broken line" approach to estimating the requirement assumes. It seemed worthwhile to try to describe the relation between ration level of a nutrient and chick performance by means of a mathematical …

Water Quality Analysis Laboratory Procedures Syllabus, P. A. Cowan, D. B. Porcella, V. D. Adams, L. A. Gardner

Reports

Introduction: The 1976 edition of "Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes" describes chemical analytical procedures to be sued in Water Quality Office (WQO) laboratoires. The methods were chose through the combined efforts of the Regional Analytical Quality Control (AQC) Coordinators, Laboratory Quality Control Officers, and other senior chemicsts in both federal and state laboratories. Method selection was based on the following criteria: 1. The method should measure the desired constitutent with precision and accuracy suffiecient to meet the data needs of WQO in the presence of the interferences normally encountered in polluted waters. 2. The procedures should utilize …

Cell Quota Growth And Uptake Models Applied To Growth Of Selenastrum Capricornutum, Printz In A Non-Steady State Environment, Kenneth A. Voos, Ronald F. Malone, William J. Grenney

Reports

Recently propsed algal uptake and growth models dependent on the cell quote (Q), the intracellular limiting nutrient to cell population quotient, were analyze and applied to experimental data. The data base used for comparing the models consisted of

Cost Minimization For Coal Conversion Pollution Control: A Mixed Integer Programming Model, Michael F. Torpy, A. Bruce Bishop, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

A mixed integer program was structured to identify the least cost combination of recycling and treatment alternatives that can be used to control the liquid, solid, and gas waste streams produced from a 750-megawatt coat fired steam electric power plant. The model compared methods of liquid stream recycle and waste discharge treatment to meet given air and water quality standards. The model was then used to study the effects on the optimal solution of changes in capital, operation and maintenance, and energy and water costs. In addition, the effects on optimum system design of changes in particulate and sulfur oxide …

Feasibility Of Accelerating Construction Of The Central Utah Project, Trevor C. Hughes, L. Douglas James, Frank Haws, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Introduction: Objective: In April, 1977 the President's statement on water projects recommended that a number of federal water development projects, including the Conneville unit of the Central Utah Project, not be completed. The ensuing efforts of project supporters brought about a review of the projected costs, benefits, and other political, social and environmental factors and consequently, the current issue is not whether or not the project should be constructed. Rather, the objective of this report is to examine the following question: Given the fact that at least the 5 units of the CUP which have already been authorized will eventually …

Utah's 1977 Drought, Trevor C. Hughes, Clark Bigler, Jerry Olds, Richard Griffin, Arlo Richardson, L. Douglas James, Norris Stenquist, James Harvey

Reports

The Utah Drought of 1976-1977 has been characterized as the wettest drought in history. It was produced by the driest winter season of record followed by summer rains which were much wetter than normal in many regions of the state. Stream-flow is highly correlated with winter rather than summer precipitation and therefore the most severe impacts of the drought were related to the record low stream-flow during 1977 plus the ski industry impacts which were directly related to 1976-1977 snowfall. Drought impacts upon several sectors of the economy plus the extensive responses of all levels of government in the form …

Boeing Engineering And Construction; Groundwater And Surface Water Investigation Report, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Boeing Engineering and Construction (BEAC) is investigating the feasibility of transporting Utah coal via slurry pipeline to the west coast. Such an investigation requires an abundance of data concerning such things as they availability and quality of water which can be slurried with coal, the location of such water with respect to the deposits of coal, and the ultimate disposal of the water at the pipeline's end.

This study generated a limited amount of new data and gathered existing data and information related to surface and underground water within a 50-mile radius of Emery, Utah, but restricted primarily to the …

Research On Increased Precipitation By Cloud Seeding: Development Phase, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

Development of several instrumentation systems for measuring atmospheric variables related to winter orogaraphic cloud seeding was undertaken. A heated tipping bucket precipitation gage was modified both for reliable use and accuracy of data. A solid state memory device was also developed at UWRL for this project. A parachute dropsonde for measuring vertical air motion was further developed. In addition, instrumentation was placed on board an aircraft for measuring concentrations of super cooled water, ice nuclei, and ice crystals. Airborne measurements during cloud seeding with silver iodide showed that the plumes of seeding material could be detected over a target area, …

Evaluation Of The Long Term Effects Of Irrigation With Wastewater, James H. Reynolds, M. O. Braun, W. F. Campbell, R. W. Miller, L. R. Anderson

Reports

Introduction: Background: The application of municipal wastewater to the land or using the soil mantle as a wastewater treatment system has been practiced for many years. The history of land application dates back to ancient Athens. Sewage farming or the transportation of wastewater to rural areas for irrigation and disposal was practiced in Eurpose as early as 1559. The practice became fairly widespread in England, France, Germany, Poland, Austria, and the United States during the late 1800's [