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Surface Roughness Contribution To The Auger Electron Emission, D. Wehbi, C. Roques-Carmes

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) experiments have shown that z height and θ slope relative to the analysed spot are parameters that contribute to the measured Auger intensity I(z, θ). For greater analysed areas specific to Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), the knowledge of height and slope statistical distributions P(z) and P(θ) is required. These functions have been determined by means of profilometric data. The spatial resolution of the used tactile profilometer is similar to that which characterizes AES. A mathematical relationship I { P(z), P(θ) } has been set up for Si samples whose roughness is well defined. On the other …

An Integrated Gis/Remote Sensing Data Base In North Cache Soil Conservation District, Utah: A Pilot Project For The Utah Department Of Agricultures Rims (Resource Inventory And Monitoring System), Douglas J. Wheeler, Merrill K. Ridd, John A. Merola

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The RIMS program is designed "To provide SCD (Soil Conservation District) supervisory with adequate data about agriculture and related natural resources of their district and to use this data for district responsibilities" (Utah Department of Agriculture 1984). The department's guidelines for RIMS go on to describe SCD responsibilities for short and long-term conservation inputs into various state resource plans, giving direction to Agriculture Resource Development Loan fund programs, and giving direction to SCD programs. The guidelines emphasize the established institutional role of the SCD as a local body to deal with local resource issues in the context of a regional …

Assessment Of Landsat For Rangeland Mapping, Rush Valley, Utah, United States, National Aeronautics And Space Administration

Range Management

The objective of this investigation is to assess the feasibility of using Landsat MSS (multispectral scanner) data to identify and map cover types for rangeland, and to determine comparative condition of the ecotypes. A supporting objective is to assess the utility of various forms of aerial photography in the process.

If rangeland can be efficiently mapped with Landsat data, as supported by appropriate aerial photography and field data, then uniform standards of cover classification and condition may be applied across the rangelands of the state. Further, a foundation may be established for long-term monitoring of range trend, using the same …

High Recovery Desalting Of Brackish Water By Electrodialysis: Field Tests At Yuma Desalting Test Facility & At La Verkin Springs, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

An ED (electrodialysis pilot plant achieved high desalting recoveries of nearly 95 percent at the YDTF (Yuma Desalting Test Facility, Arizona) and 92 percent at LVS (La Verkin Springs, Utah) during over 4000 hours of operation. Brine TDS (total dissolved solids) concentrations of nearly 100 000 g/m³ were obtained at LVS, which is a greater brine concentration than is possible using RO (reverse osmosis). The LVS required ED energy (while producing a product TDS concentration of about 1000 g/m³) is estimated to be about one-third the energy requirements of a commercially available distillation brine concentrator. Lowering product …

Digital Processing Of Electron Energy Loss Spectra And Images, R. D. Leapman, K. E. Gorlen, C. R. Swyt

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Processing in electron energy loss spectroscopy involves both data acquisition and analysis. The interface of an analytical electron microscope to a laboratory computer with a satellite microcomputer dedicated to data acquisition results in a system with a high degree of flexibility. In spectrum acquisition, channels may be selected around specific core edges, or dwell times may be varied continuously as a function of energy loss to reduce the dynamic range of the signal. Data transfer to the host computer allows further analysis such as the removal of plural scattering by spectral deconvolution. Elemental maps and line-scans can be recorded with …

String Induced Space Compactification, P. G. Freund, P. Oh, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

Motivated by the possibility of a finite theory of gravity provided by superstrings in ten space-time dimensions, we analyze the problem of space compactification in the context of string dynamics. Such an analysis is hampered by conceptual and technical problems, stemming from the existence of the quantum string's own graviton mode on the one hand, and from Witten's observation of anomalies in a not specially chosen curves space-time on the other hand. Still, in the context of a classical local field presentation of string theory à la Nambu and Hosotani, supplemented by gravitational and Kalb-Ramond interactions, we are able to …

High Accuracy And Automatic Measurement Of The Pattern Linewidth On Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits, H. Yamaji, M. Miyoshi, M. Kano, K. Okumura

Scanning Electron Microscopy

High accuracy measurement of pattern linewidth is particularly important in Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) manufacturing.

The measurement of pattern linewidth has been done by optical methods. However, the optical methods have several problems: as the measured value depends on slope angle at pattern edge, thickness and optical property of film and also substrate, there exists a large difference in size (0.3 μm) between the defined edge and the true edge in case of photoresist linewidth measurements. Especially, the optical methods have severe problems to measure bottom of pattern edge and are unsuitable to measure pattern linewidth in VLSI's …

The Spectral Momentum Density Of Amorphous Carbon From (E, 2e) Spectroscopy, A. L. Ritter, John R. Dennison, R. Jones

All Physics Faculty Publications

The spectral momentum density of the valence band of an amorphous carbon film has been measured by (e, 2e) spectroscopy. Two "bands," energy as a function of momentum, are resolved. One extends from 23 eV below the Fermi energy to about 10 eV below E_F. The other, ∼ 9 eV below E_F, does not disperse significantly. Although the existence of diamond bonding in the film cannot be ruled out, the bands are more suggestive of the graphite band structure.

Some Considerations Of The Ultimate Spatial Resolution Achievable In Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Anthony J. Garratt-Reed

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The fundamental limitations on spatial resolution of X-ray microanalysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope are set by the interrelationships between the gun brightness, operating voltage, probe convergence angle, size and current, specimen thickness, beam broadening, the probability of characteristic and Bremsstrahlung X-ray production and the statistics of the X-ray spectrum. Manipulation of expressions describing these interrelationships leads to equations predicting the optimum probe size and specimen thickness for the best achievable spatial resolution (defined as the diameter of a cylinder containing 90% of the X-ray production) in microscopes fitted with different electron sources and operating at different voltages in …

A Statistical Comparison Of A Direct Filtration And A Conventional Water Treatment Facility In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Interest in low-cost direct filtration facilities and their effectiveness in treating the potable water sources of the Intermountain Region is increasing as the need for treated water supplies increase. Direct filtration is a water treatment scheme which does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirement, and decreased sludge quantities. Moreover, the direct filtration process may offer large reductions in coagulant dosages and costs.

Currently information comparing a direct filtration system to a conventional water treatment system in the Intermountain area is not readily available. The specific …

Onset Of Oscillations In Rayleigh-Benard Convection: Horizontally Unbounded Slab, Boyd F. Edwards, A. L. Fetter

All Physics Faculty Publications

Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a laterally unbounded classical fluid layer with low Prandtl number P (ratio of kinematic viscosity to thermal diffusivity) is reexamined. An amplitude expansion with only a few normal modes yields lateral oscillations of the convective rolls, which are therefore only weakly nonlinear. For free boundary conditions, additional modes (absent for rigid boundaries) lead to long wavelength (‘‘hydrodynamic’’) oscillations, with explicit nonlinear distortions in the velocity and temperature fields. For oscillations with rigid boundaries, the finite critical wavenumbers are approximately independent of P for small P, and the calculated Rayleigh number, frequency, and wavenumber at onset agree well …

Mix Design Investigation - Roller Compacted Concrete Construction, Upper Stillwater Dam, Utah, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Dams

Upper Stillwater Dam will be the first concrete dam constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation utilizing the RCC (roller compacted concrete) construction technique. RCC is concrete with zero slump consistency, which is deposited in horizontal lifts and consolidated in place by a smooth drum vibrating roller. This method of construction was first proposed in the early 1970's [1, 2, 3]* and was demonstrated successfully in emergency spillway repairs at Tarbela Dam, Pakistan [3], in the construction of Shimajigawa Dam, Japan, and Willow Creek Dam, Oregon.

Utah Science Vol. 45 No. 2, Summer 1984

Utah Science

33 DRAIN ENVELOPES L. S. Willardson Research efforts to improve drainage conditions with the assurance that installed drains will function in a trouble-free manner for a long period of time is continuing at USU.

36 TOUGH TURFS FOR UTAH W. F. Campbell and W. A. Varga Turfs are important in human activities because of their functional, recreational and aesthetic aspects. Although there are hundreds of different species of grasses, learn how to choose the one that is best suited to your region.

41 TRACKING THE SUNFLOWER BEES L. M. Brown and F. D. Parker The USDA Bee Laboratory, situated at …

Sunlight And Plants, Some Pursuits In Physiological Ecology, Martyn M. Caldwell

Faculty Honor Lectures

A physiological ecologist, as the name suggests, focuses on the interface between plant physiology and the ecology of individual organisms. Yet, one in this field should know something about disciplines ranging from physiology, or in the case of the subject of this lecture, even photochemistry, to the study of entire ecosystems.

Utah State University Commencement, 1984 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-First Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation, North-Central Utah And Southeastern Idaho, Edward James Deputy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation was studied in the Bear River Range and the Wellsville Mountains of north-central Utah and southeastern Idaho. The depositional textures and sedimentary structures found within the rocks were compared with similar modern sediments and ancient rocks to determine depositional environments, paleogeography, and diagenetic alterations.

The rocks of the Ute Formation were divided into five basic types. These five rock types were formed within four identifiable lithofacies: 1) elastic marine shelf; 2) carbonate marine shelf; 3) agitated shoal; and 4) quiet-water shoal.

The sequence of elastic and carbonate sediments is believed to have been deposited in …

Estimation Of Cost And Benefit Of Instream Flow, Parvaneh Amirfathi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water flowing in streams has value for various types of recreationists and is essential for fish and wildlife. Since water demands for offstream uses in the arid west have been steadily increasing, increasing instream flows to enhance the recreational experience might be in conflict with established withdrawals for uses such as agriculture, industries and households.

It is the intent of this study to contribute to an economic assessment of the tradeoff between maintaining instream flow for river recreation use and offstream uses; that is, to develop and apply a method to measure costs and benefits of water used for recreation …

Energy Analysis Of Flat Water Recreation: An Economic Assessment, Craig Leon Howell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Energy analysts believe that traditional economics and energy markets undervalue the only absolutely limited resource, energy. They have produced methods to supplement or supercede economics.

However, theoretical underpinnings of these methods include an energy theory of value which is shown to be too narrow to support workable economic models or numeraires. Sample rankings of recreational values on four Utah reservoirs, using energy analysis and economic methods, show that the two methods yield opposite rankings.

An Economic Analysis Of Watershed Practices: Impact Of Grazing On Watershed, In-Hwan Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A theoretical analysis for estimating the social cost and benefits associated with the impact of grazing on rangeland watersheds has been made in this study. A dynamic maximization model is used to derive an optimal utilization of forage by grazing, where forage utilization is treated as a decision variable and the hydrologic outputs of water and sediment are considered as a possible impact resulting from grazing.

A modeling approach to predict the quantities of water runoff and sediment yield from watersheds was employed. A water balance equation and a curve number procedure were used to predict water runoff. For the …

Fear Of Crime Within The Boomtown Setting, Jerry Bartlett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the phenomenon of fear of crime in the context of two highly distinct small town environments: one characterized by extremely rapid population growth due to energy development, and the other characterized by relative stability and slow population expansion. Although in general prior fear of crime research has indicated relatively low levels of fear in rural small towns, the altered social environment of the rapid growth community may result in substantially heightened fear of crime. Using survey data collected from random samples of households in each of the study communities, the relationships between …

Photoaffinity Labeling Of The Antimycin Binding Site In Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides, Emily Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the site of interaction of antimycin with the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c1 oxidoreductase in the photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. To accomplish this goal, three areas of research were undertaken: the synthesis of a radiolabeled, photoaffinity analog of antimycin, identification of the inhibitory characteristics of this analog, and the photoaffinity labeling of the antimycin binding site. All three areas were accomplished.

The major finding of this study was the identification of an 11,000 dalton polypeptide as the predominantly labeled protein. Although this polypeptide was not exclusively labeled, it was consistently labeled and showed competition …

The Cost Effective Acquisition And Dissemination Of Market Information: A Computerized Approach, Tammy Burton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Clearly, many of the developments in computerized market systems are regarded as revolutionary in an industry which has undergone diminutive changes in marketing its products and acquiring current market information. Cognizance of the agricultural market situation is pertinent for maximum production efficiency, bargaining strength, and financial success for producers.

Collectively, producers in Utah face the dilemma of receiving approximately ten percent less in cash receipts for their commodities than their counterparts in surrounding states. Market information that was attainable by producers was often obsolete, redundant, expensive, and irrelevant to the market situation in Utah.

The implementation of a Computerized Market …

Range Beef Cattle Productivity In Southern Utah, Mouslim A. Maiga

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-six range beef cattle ranches in southern Utah were surveyed by personal interview to obtain production data. The data were used to characterize the level of production efficiency in terms of calving rate, weaning rate, weaning weight, and net weaning weight in these operations; and to identify factors associated with differences in productivity.

The data revealed that productive efficiency was generally lower than the potential.

Mean calving rate of cows exposed for breeding was 83.4%. Stepwise regression involving calf death losses at or shortly after birth and heifer replacement rate accounted for 98.3% of the variance in calving rate. Calving …

Evaluation Of Low-Temperature Geothermal Potential In North-Central Box Elder County, Utah, Matthew C. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to continue the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources in Utah started by the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey. The area of interest with in this report is north-central Box Elder County, Utah. Exploration techniques used included chemical analyses of water from wells and springs, temperature surveys, and temperature-depth measurements in unused wells within the study area. The highest water temperatures (31, 30, and 29°C) recorded in this research were located in three separate geographic regions, suggesting that no single warm water occurrence dominates the study area.

Total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations ranged from 294 …

Structure And Petrology Of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks In Parts Of Toms Cabin Spring And Lucin Nw Quadrangles (Box Elder Co.), Utah, Bruce Edward Scarbrough

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of late Tertiary rhyolitic and dacitic flows, domes, and minor pyroclastic rocks form an elongate volanic mass along the northwestern Utah-northeastern Nevada border. The structure of the flow banding and the linear arrangement of vents indicate that the mass represents a multi-sourced extrusive complex which erupted through many fissure-type conduits. A 39 km² area at the southern end of the mass was studied in detail in order to gain a better understanding of the eruptive nature and history of these Tertiary volcanic rocks. Age dating reveals that volcanism in the study area was episodic, and covered a …

Petrology Of The Middle Jurassic Twin Creek Limestone, Lincoln And Sublette Counties, Southwestern Wyoming, David R. Raubvogel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Twin Creek Limestone of Middle Jurassic age was studied in the Tunp, Salt River, and Wyoming Ranges in southwestern Wyoming. Modern carbonate environments and their ancient analogs were compared with information obtained from field study and petrographic analysis of samples of the Twin Creek Limestone in order to delineate environments of deposition, paleogeography, and diagenetic history.

Six major lithofacies were recognized: (1) carbonate mudstone; (2) carbonate mudstone breccia; (3) fossiliferous wackestone; (4) packstone-grainstone; (5) terrigenous mudstone; and (6) sandstone. These lithofacies were deposited in a variety of environments, including outer shelf platforms (carbonate mudstone and fossiliferous wackestone), oolitic sand …

Effect Of Casein/Fat Ratio On Milk Fat Recovery In Cheddar Cheese, Nana A. Yiadom-Farkye

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cheddar cheese was made by the traditional 4.5-h method from three experimental lots of milk, each standardized to casein/fat ratios of approximately 0.64, 0.67 and 0.70. The effect of casein/fat ratio on milk fat recovery was determined. The effects of milk composition on curd firmness at cutting, cheese composition and resulting yield of cheese were evaluated. Correlations between milk constituents and various cheese components were obtained. Milk fat recovery was unaffected by casein/fat ratios within the limits of 0.64 and 0.71. Average milk fat recovery was 91.58 ± 1.73%. Cheese yield was a function of milk protein, milk fat and …

Improvement Of Deep Tubewell Irrigation Project Performance In Bangladesh, Md. Mirjahan Miah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A computer model for use in predicting the impact of various improvement options on command area expansion of a deep tubewell irrigation system has been developed. A field study was conducted on 11 selected deep tubewells located at two sites, namely Dhamrai and Thakurgaon, in Bangladesh to collect necessary physical data to provide irrigation engineering insight and a basis for testing and application of the model. The results of the investigation revealed that the actual discharge of most of the deep tubewells was lower than the design or rated capacity. The duration of pump operation in the majority of the …

The Relationship Of Ewe Body Mass To Lamb Production, Sebhatu Gebrelul

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Body size was estimated by multiplying the average of the hip and chest widths by body length and chest depth in 208 ewes of three genotypes: Targhee x Targhee (TXT), Finn x Targhee (FXT), and Suffolk x Targhee (SXT), and two seasons, fall (pre-breeding) and spring (post-lambing). The estimated ewe body size did not fluctuate with season, body condition or physiological stress and proved to be a constant measure of size. Measuring linear body dimension is time consuming; and hence ewe body size can best be approximated by the chest depth in a regression equation. In the absence of linear …

Chemical Composition And Acceptability Of Rain Damaged, Field Dried Alfalfa Hay, Cesar Augusto Araque H.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water was applied to swaths of cut alfalfa forage with oscillating sprinklers to stimulate rain damage to field drying alfalfa hay to determine the changes in chemical composition, loss of yield, and acceptability of rain damaged hay to sheep. An additional objective was to develop models to estimate yield losses form experimental hay. The experimental hay was prepared with a 2x2x4x4x2 factorial design. The factors were two different cuttings (July and September), two width of swath (3.05 m and 4.27 m), four times of applying artificial rain (3h, 8h, 13h, and 24h after cutting), four levels of artificial rain (no …