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Evaluating Reports Of Deer Damage To Crops: Implications For Wildlife Research And Management Programs, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We examined damage permit records to determine the incidence of reported white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage to crops in Virginia from 1982 to 1984. Permits were issued to 144, 252, and 195 landholders in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively. The total number of permits issued in 1983 (355), a drought year, was greater than that of 1982 (199) or 1984 (258). Most permits were issued for peanuts and soybeans in the southeastern section of the state and for orchards in the western portion of the state. Permits were also issued for gardens, corn, and tobacco. We found some …

Dispersing Blackbird-Starling Roosts With Helium-Filled Balloons, Donald F. Mott

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Large (120 cm diameter) helium-filled balloons (2-10 per ha of roost) tethered about 8 m above the vegetation were effective in dispersing blackbirds and starlings from roosting sites. Bird population estimates before, during, and after balloon exposure showed that the balloons frightened the birds and caused most of them to abandon the roost. Roosting bird numbers at each of 5 test roost sites (0.3 to 1.7 ha) were reduced an average of 82% (min-max 47-100%) during 3 to 4 evenings of balloon exposure. Winds >16 km/h during the study made it difficult to keep the balloons aloft and not entangled …

A Note On The Optimal Forest Rotation When Non-Operators Deplete Resource Stock, Rabindra N. Bhattacharyya, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The disparity between theory and practice has definitely contributed to a continuing interest in the determination of the optimal harvest age for a growing forest. The Faustmann model has played a key role in this respect. The optimal rotation problem, as viewed by Faustmann (1849), is a timber management problem when knowledge of the forest operator about the resource biomass is certain and depends only on the natural biological growth characteristics of the tree population.

Liquid Metal Sources In Ion Microscopy And Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, G. L. R. Mair, T. Mulvey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reports on state-of-the-art developments in liquid metal sources and some of the finer points of their operating characteristics that are especially relevant to the satisfactory functioning of analytical ion scanning microscopes equipped with secondary ion mass spectrometers. Such effects include unwanted emissions from the source and their exclusion by means of filters and mass separators in the ion-optical column. The design of the ion-optical column is also discussed and some applications of this rapidly advancing form of analytical microscopy are described.

The Cathodoluminescence Mode Of The Scanning Electron Microscope: A Powerful Microcharacterization Technique, D. B. Holt, F. M. Saba

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By detecting cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), pan and monochromatic micrographs and CL spectral analyses analogous to x-ray mode point analyses can be obtained. Complete microcharacterization requires alternate examination of both micrographs and spectra. New techniques for near infra-red CL and low-temperatures to produce sharp spectra are of increasing importance. CL emission is due to electron transitions between quantum mechanical states so the radiative defects present can be unambiguously identified at liquid helium temperatures. Strongly luminescent impurities can be detected to below one part in 10⁸. This is 10⁴ times as sensitive as the …

World Coal Markets And Their Impact On Intermountain Energy Development: A Programming Approach, John E. Keith, Terrence F. Glover, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The development of international markets for coals from the Intermountain West will create competition for those resources for other uses, particularly the production of electrical power. Coal exports may have considerable effect upon the location of electrical generation facilities and their use of alternative coal sources. This, in turn, may cause redistributions of economic activity within the Intermountain West and the State of Utah. Most state governments are actively pursuing export markets in the Pacific Rim (Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia), without a knowledge of the possible results to local industry. An analysis of the competitiveness of various coals …

The Optimal Forest Rotation: Some Economic Dimensions, Rabindra N. Bhattacharyya, Donald L. Snyder, Basudeb Biswas

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Forest lands provide numerous things adding to the social, cultural, and economic aspects of life for many people including fuel, water, forage, stabilization of shifting sands, protection of catchment areas, soil erosion and flood control, watershed, habitat for wildlife, and sites for outdoor recreation. Because of their large area and wide geographic dispersion, they are also important in maintaining the natural environment. They are the source of timber, an important industry in many parts of the world. Products made from trees affect everyone, including those who may never have the opportunity to enjoy the natural beauty of a forest or …

The Mechanics Of Low Orbiting Satellites Implications In Communication, Lane Brostrom

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Low orbiting satellite communication networks will be competing with geosynchronous satellites for a share of the communications market. In world-wide communications that do not require immediate real time transmissions, low orbiting satellites are competitive with geosynchronous satellites because the system is reliable and low in cost.

Since satellites are a clear example of Newtonian laws, the distinct patterns they make in their orbiting process are predictable. Newton's law states that an object will remain in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force: a satellite remains in motion around the earth because there is no atmosphere to slow it down. …

An Inflation Forecasting Model For The 1980s, Peter J. Saunders

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The 1970s and early 1980s were characterized by accelerating inflation associated with increasing levels of unemployment. The traditional demandpull and cost-push theories of inflation failed to satisfactorily explain the prevailing situation. Instead, a plausible explanation for this unusual economic occurrence was offered by the rational expectations theory. It could conceivably be argued that under the conditions of increasing uncertainty about future price movements, the economic participants may adopt rational type in favor of the traditional adaptive approach.

Costs, Benefits And The Optimal Rotation Of Standing Forests, Donald L. Snyder, Rabindra N. Bhattacharyya

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The Faustmann model has played a key role in the determination of optimal forest rotations. Faustmann introduced a simple and deterministic competitive economic model, the objective of which was to maximize the present value of perpetual returns to the fixed factor of production, a unit of timber land. The optimal rotation problem, as viewed by him, is a timber management problem abstracting from the important multiple use characteristics of forest land. Hartman (1976) and Strang (1983) developed a modified Faustmann model where the forest resource stock 'per se' is assumed to have consumptive value in the form of "recreation", a …

Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Volcanic Rocks West And Southwest Of Kelton (Box Elder Co.), Utah, R. L. Voit

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Kelton, Utah, area has numerous, isolated basaltic outcrops of probable Tertiary age mostly in the form of cuestas with steep faces displaying columnar joints. One ash-flow tuff is located in the southeastern part of the study area. Basaltic fragments in the tuff indicate that pyroclastic activity was preceded by extrusion of basalt.

Effects of Lake Bonneville on the basaltic outcrops include wave­cut terraces, scarps, and other wave-built forms in low lying areas. Massive carbonate deposits formed at levels of former shorelines of Lake Bonneville. Tertiary and Quaternary deposits cover the low- lying areas between basaltic flows, and consist of …

Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Volcanic Rocks Of Snowville Area, Utah, And Tertiary-Quaternary(?) Volcanic Rocks Of Table Mountain And Holbrook Areas, Idaho, Yunshuen Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Basalt flows occur in the Snowville area of north-central Utah and the Table Mountain and Holbrook areas of south-central Idaho. All basalt flows are aphanitic in groundmass, and contain olivine, plagioclase, augite, and opaque oxides. They can be distinguished by texture. Snowville basalt has predominantly subophitic to intergranular textures. Table Mountain basalt is fine grained, with stumpy groundmass plagioclase and equant ilmenite crystals. Holbrook basalt has pilotaxitic to intergranular textures, with the presence of plagioclase phenocrysts and characteristic exsolution lamellae in Fe-Ti oxides. The olivine grains in Holbrook area are intensely oxidized to Fe-Ti oxides.

Snowville basalt contains olivine phenocrysts …

Design And Field Layout Of Irrigation Flow Measuring Devices In The River-Lab At Utah State University, Abelardo M. Arriaran

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this report was to develop a design and field layout of irrigation flow measuring devices in a design channel in teh River-Laboratory at Utah State University. This study was conducted considering a maximum discharge of 3.5 cfs and the profile of the channel in the selected area. Four kinds of flow measuring devices to be installed in series one after another were considered: a Parshall flume, a broad-creasted weir, a cutthroat flume, and the rectangular sharp-crested weir. The locations given are based on the hydraulic conditions for each device, the available head, the head loss that each …

Brownian Motion Applied To Partial Differential Equations, Steven M. Mckay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This work is a study of the relationship between Brownian motion and elementary, linear partial differential equations. In the text, I have shown that Brownian motion is a Markov process, and that Brownian motion itself, and certain Stochastic processes involving Brownian motion are also martingales. In particular, Dynkin's formula for Brownian motion was shown. Using Dynkin's formula and Brownian motion, I then constructed solutions for the classical Dirichlet problem and the heat equation, given by Δu=0 and u_t= 1/2Δu+g, respectively. I have shown that the bounded solution is unique if Brownian motion will always exit the domain of …

Parameters Controlling Sediment Composition Of Modern And Pleistocene Jamaican Reefs, Stephen K. Boss

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent carbonate sediments from Jamaican north coast fringing reefs display variation in constituent composition, texture, and mineralogy related to their location on the reef. Samples were collected along lines which traversed the back reef and fore reef (0.5m to 70m).

The sediment is dominated by highly comminuted coral fragments, plates of the calcareous green alga, Halimeda, coralline algae, and the encrusting Foraminifera, Homotrema rubrum, with lesser amounts of other taxonomic groups (Foraminifera; molluscs; echinoderms). Relative abundances of these biotic components vary between sites. Q-mode cluster analysis indicates that constituent composition can be used to delineate the different reef …

Structural Geology Of The Northern Part Of Elkhorn Mountain, Bannock Range, Idaho, Stephen R. Crook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Northern Elkhorn Mountain was unmapped previous to this investigation. The mapped area is located north of Malad City, Idaho, in the Bannock Range. It is within the Basin and Range Province. The mapped area measures 5.4 mi. in the north-south direction and 8.9 mi. in the east-west direction.

The oldest exposed stratigraphic unit, within the mapped area, consists of orthoquartzite and is of Early Cambrian age. Cambrian formations of the mapped area, in ascending order, are as follows: Camelback Mountain Quartzite, Gibson Jack Formation, Elkhead Formation, Bloomington Formation, Nounan Formation, and St. Charles Formation. Units of Ordovician age are the …

The Petrology Of The Early Middle Cambrian Giles Creek And Upper Chandler Formations, Northeastern Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, James A. Deckelman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Giles Creek and upper Chandler formations crop out in the northeastern Amadeus Basin from the north flank of Ross River syncline south to the Pillar Range, and from the nose of Ooraminna anticline east to the Simpson Desert. Twenty-four sections of the Giles Creek and nineteen sections of the upper Chandler were measured by the author in this area. The Giles Creek lies disconformably above the upper Chandler Formation and conformably below the Shannon Formation. The upper Chandler is conformably underlain by the lower Chandler throughout the area except at Ross River Gorge and Wallaby No. 1 well. There …

Structural Geology Of Eastern Part Of Dairy Ridge Quadrangle And Western Part Of Meachum Ridge Quadrangle, Utah, Val A. Kienast

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A detailed geologic investigation was made of the eastern part of the Dairy Ridge Quadrangle and the western part of the Meachum Ridge Quadrangle, Utah. The area is located in north-central Utah in Rich County. It lies between lat. 41°22'30" N. and lat. 41°28'50" N. and between long. 111°21'40" W. and long. 111°25'15" W. The area measures 13.8 km in the north-south direction and 5.5 km in the east-west direction. It is on the eastern side of the Wasatch Range about 20 km west-southwest of Randolph, Utah.

Stratigraphic units of Precambrian to Cambrian age crop out in the western part …

Petrology Of The Late Proterozoic(?)-Early Cambrian Arumbera Sandstone, Western Macdonnell Ranges, North-Central Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, Lonn P. Hamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Arumbera Sandstone consists of mappable informal units which are repeated in a vertical, cyclic succession. Sandstones of fluvial origin form resistant strike ridges separated by strike valleys, which consist of recessive sandstones and mudrocks of marine origin.

Lithofacies 1a, 2b, and 3a are probably of marine origin in intertidal environments. Trace fossil assemblages in lithofacies 3a suggest Skolithos and Cruziana inchnofacies were present. Lithofacies 1e, 2a, 2c, 3b, and 4a are probably of fluvial origin, as the result of coalescing braided stream deposits. The Arumbera Sandstone probably was deposited in a deltaic environment characterized by low wave energy, a …

Effects Of Bulk Starter Media And Proteolytic Lactic Streptococci On Protein Loss In Cheddar Curd Manufacture, Steven A. Winkel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of whey-based and milk-based starter media, and low concentrations (0.02% each) of citrate, phosphate and calcium upon various milk coagulation properties were measured. Samples inoculated with milk-based starter medium had shorter coagulation times, faster rate of curd formation, and greater final curd firmness than those inoculated with externally neutralized whey-based starter. Starter medium treatment was statistically interacted with calcium for coagulation time and rate of curd formation. Citrate addition caused longer coagulation times, slower rates of curd formation, and weaker final coagula. Citrate interacted with calcium and phosphate for several of the parameters measured. Addition of phosphate did …

A Comparison Of Evaluation Models For Handicap Intervention In A Head Start Program, Carin Niebuhr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Model A and Model C Title I evaluation options were compared by using both options to measure the effectiveness of handicap intervention in a Head Start program. Two hundred three children in Jackson County (Oregon) were pretested with the Developmental Indicators of Learning Test (DIAL), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Visual-Motor Integration Scale (VMI), and the Carrow Elicited Language Inventory (CELI). The 43 children who scored below the predetermined cut-off level were placed in a six-month intervention program. One hundred forty-nine children remaining in the Head Start program in May were posttested with the same tests. Model …

The Petrology And Mineralogy Of Tertiary(?) Olivine Trachyte In The Harrington Peak Quadrangle, Southeastern Idaho, Amanda Shearer-Fullerton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Harrington Peak Quadrangle is located within the Caribou National Forest of southeast Idaho. Within this quadrangle are outcrops of olivine trachyte of Pliocene(?) age overlying sedimentary rocks of Mississippian to Tertiary age. The region contains thrust faults and later normal faults (generally trending north-south} formed during Basin and Range extension.

The Largest outcrop of olivine trachyte (approximately1 1/2 X 3 km) probably formed as the result of a fissure eruption. Two other outcrop areas show evidence of being sites of local extrusion.

Whole-rock chemical analyses revealed the olivine trachyte to have moderate amounts of SiO₂ and Al_{2O …}

Sequential Thrusting Beneath The Willard Thrust Fault, Wasatch Mountains, Ogden, Utah, Tad William Schirmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The downstructure of viewing geologic maps, balanced and cross sections, and hanging-wall-sequence diagrams are applied to produce the first comprehensive synthesis of the structure below the willard thrust sheet.

Development of the duplex beneath the Willard thrust may be explained with a "piggyback" thrust model where younger thrust slices form below and fold an older, overlying thrust sheet. Progressive failure of the footwall ramp of the Willard thrust sheet extended the sole thrust eastward and produced a duplex consisting of thrust slices (horses) which adhered to the overriding thrust sheet where it ramped from a lower sole thrust to an …

Analysis Of A Rocket-Borne Resonant Scatter System For Measurement Of Atomic Oxygen, Neil B. Myers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A computer model has been developed at Utah State University for interpreting the results of a rocket-borne resonant scatter measurement system using 1304 A radiation. Atomic oxygen densities are obtained from 65 to 140 km from three rocket flights. The resolution of the system is < 0.1 km, and considerable structure has been observed. The variety of shapes exhibited by the three profiles suggest a dynamic nature to atomic oxygen density profiles in the lower ionosphere. Maximum densities between 2.6 x 10¹¹ and 1.2 x 10¹² cm^-3 were observed at altitudes between 92 and 95 km.

Optimal Forest Rotation: Decisions Under Conditions Of Certainty And Uncertainty, Rabindra Nath Bhattacharyya

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The existing literature determining the optimal rotation period of a forest stand under conditions of certainty, as well as under uncertainty, lacks the genera 1 scope to be useful. A forest provides timber of commercial value, a flow of recreational services, and other valuable environmental services. Providing goods and services involves benefits as well as costs. Relevant management decisions depend on the net values that can be obtained. The present work developes a more general model for determining an optimal rotation period incorporating various fixed and variable costs associated with timber production and recreational services in an environment of certainty …

Effect Of Overall Indispensible Amino Acid Levels On Performance Of Broiler Chicks, Jack D. Kelly

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An attempt was made to determine the effect of overall indispensible amino acids (IAAs) level on growth rate and efficiency of broiler chicks. There were two overall levels: the low (8.33% IAA, 17.6% CP containing all IAAs at the minimum requirement found in preliminary studies), and the high (10.77% IAA, 21.5% CP with IAAs increased by 28%). Both diets contained 13.7 Megajoules ME (3277 Kcal) per kilogram.

These two diets along with other variations of the two diets were fed to Hubbard chicks. Growth rate, with the low IAA diet was as good as with the high, but feed efficiency …

Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate And Magnesium Oxide For Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects Upon Milk Coagulation Parameters, Shu-Chuan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-eight Holstein cows at Utah State Dairy Farm were blocked statistically according to date of calving, previous milk production, and numbers of lactation at parturition. The cattle were assigned randomly to one of four treatments within blocks. The four treatments included a base ration (control, treatment #1), base ration plus .8% of sodium bicarbonate (treatment #2), base ration plus .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #3), and base ration plus both .8% of sodium bicarbonate and .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #4). The research was conducted from February 1983 to November 1984. A formagraph was used to measure milk coagulation parameters …

Chemical Weathering Of Pyrite In Soils, Aaron D. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The products of pyrite oxidation, including solution phase Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S₂O₃^2-, S₄O₆^2-, SO₃^2- and SO₄^2- and solid phase Fe(OH)₃, were measured under controlled conditions in order to investigate the behavior of pyrite in calcareous and alkaline soils.

The distribution of sulfur oxidation products is pH dependent and can be interpreted in terms of metastable equilibrium among thiosulfate, disulfane disulfonate and sulfite. Thiosulfate and sulfite predominate in the pH range greater than about pH 7 or 8. Sulfane disulfonates are more …

The Reconstruction Conjecture In Graph Theory, Susan M. Loveland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In this paper we show that specific classes of graphs are reconstructible; we explore the relationship between the reconstruction and edge-reconstruction conjectures; we prove that several classes of graphs are actually Harary to the reconstructible; and we give counterexamples reconstruction and edge-reconstruction conjectures for infinite graphs.

Data Analysis Using Experimental Design Model Factorial Analysis Of Variance/Covariance (Dmaovc.Bas), Wesley E. Newton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

DMAOVC.BAS is a computer program written in the compiler version of microsoft basic which performs factorial analysis of variance/covariance with expected mean squares. The program accommodates factorial and other hierarchical experimental designs with balanced sets of data. The program is writ ten for use on most modest sized microprocessors, in which the compiler is available. The program is parameter file driven where the parameter file consists of the response variable structure, the experimental design model expressed in a similar structure as seen in most textbooks, information concerning the factors (i.e. fixed or random, and the number of levels), and necessary …