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Symmetric Solutions To The Gauss-Bonnet Extended Einstein Equations, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

Low-energy limits of string theories suggest that gravity lagrangians should include quadratic and higheorder curvature terms, in the form of dimensionally continued Gauss-Bonnet densities. In an arbitrary number of dimensions, we consider the static, spherically symmetric solutions to the lowest order Gauss-Bonnet extended Einstein equations. We also find isotropic, homogeneous cosmological solutions with an ideal fluid source.

Solar- Terrestrial Physics: A Space Age Birth, R. W. Schunk

Faculty Honor Lectures

Solar- Terrestrial Physics, in its broadest sense, is concerned with the transport of energy, particles, and fields from the sun to the earth and their consequent effect on the terrestrial environment. Most of the solar energy eventually deposited in our atmosphere, at a rate of approximately a trillion megawatts, arrives in the form of visible light. The study of how this energy affects our environment falls within the purview of meteorology, a discipline that has experienced an independent development and that has sufficiently different problems from solar-terrestrial physics that it can be regarded as a separate but neighboring discipline. In …

The Genetic Relatedness Of United States Prototype Bluetongue Viruses By Rna/Rna Hybridization, Timothy F. Kowalik

Biology

The genetic relatedness of the prototype bluetongue viruses isolated in the United States were examined by RNA/RNA hybridization. Genomic dsRNAs of the five United States prototype bluetongue viruses were separated by either SOS-PAGE or NuSieve agarose gel electrophoresis. These were blotted by both standard Northern technique and a recently developed, rapid alkali-blotting method to positively charged nylon membranes. The blotted RNAs were then probed with 3'-end labeled dsRNA of each serotype. Initially, single segments were individually hybridized to identify cognate genes. Total genomic dsRNAs were subsequently probed to determine genetic relatedness. The genes coding for the nonstructural proteins NS1 and …

Computer Simulations Of Biological Growth Patterns: Tree Modeling Success And Applications, Robert L. Nagel Jr.

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the depiction of trees in three dimensions on a microcomputer. While the use of computer-aided design in landscape architecture is increasing, imagery for plant materials is found to be at a more or less symbolic level. The literature concerning previous inquiries into the mechanisms of tree growth and differentiation provide a good deal of information ranging from physiological basics to sophisticated structural and mathematical growth models. This forms the basis from which programming work proceeded.

In this context, the body of work reported here emphasizes the development of a programming methodology for …

Classification And Interpretation Of Selected Soil Data From A Tropical Region Of Bolivia, Noemi Sabillon

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

"Half of the uncultivated land of the world, or some 80 million hectars (ha), lies in the humid tropics, where the climatic environment offers a high potential for crop production. If only 2 per-cent of this area were put into cultivation with good management practices, enough food could be produced to feed the present population of Latin America" (Committee on Tropical Soils, National Academy of Sciences, 1972).

Estimating Optimum Overstory Vegetation Reduction For Increasing Understory Production, John A. Tanaka

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate analytical approaches for estimating the optimum (profit maximizing) rate of initial overstory kill for increasing seasonal forage availability on a specific ranch. The models were developed using the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) - crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum) vegetation type on a Utah cow-calf-yearling operation as an example. The models should be applicable on any ranching situation where understory forage production is constrained by the establishment and growth of undesirable overstory vegetation.

Three model forms were developed and compared for their applicability to on-the-ground investment decision …

Direct Simulation From A Model Specification Language, Richard Pimentel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to develop a program that would accept, as input, a finite set of algebraic equations and simple if-then conditional expressions that model a natural system, and then produce a continuous computer simulation with graphics and tabular output. The equations and conditionals can be in any order and key elements can be missing. The program can be used to run existing models or as a development tool to produce immediate prototypic computer simulations through synergistic man-machine interactions.

The theoretical aspects of automatic program generation were discussed, as well as the architectural design of the system. …

On The Generalizations Of Gershgorin's Theorem, Sang-Gu Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper deals with generalization fo Gershgorin's theorem. This theorem is investigated and generalized in terms of contour integrals, directed graphs, convex analysis, and clock matrices.

These results are shown to apply to some specified matrices such as stable and stochastic matrices and some examples will show the relationship of eigenvalue inclusion regions among them.

The Classroom Modification Of Children's Gender Stereotyping Of Careers, Paul Vance Campbell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research tested the use of non-sexist occupational modules of teaching activities and toys for preschool, second grade and fourth grade classes. In addition to brief descriptions of biological, cognitive development and social learning theories of gender role development, the literature review also focuses on factors which contribute to gender stereotyping in schools: teachers, teacher training, toys, teaching materials and activities. Several hypotheses were tested comparing project members as presenters of modules versus module use by regular classroom teachers and a module-free control group in each grade. Also, second graders were tested in third grade to assess persistence of module …

Structural Geology Of The Central Part Of Clarkston Mountain, Malad Range, Utah, Douglas A. Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The central part of Clarkston Mountain is located in northcentral Utah in the southern part of the Malad Range. It is northwest of Clarkston, Utah. The mapped area measures 2.5 mi. in the north-south direction and 6.5 mi. in the east-west direction. It is within the Basin and Range Province.

The Ute Formation of Middle Cambrian age is the oldest exposed stratigraphic unit. Other Cambrian units, in ascending order, are: Blacksmith Formation, Bloomington Formation, Nounan Formation, and St. Charles Formation. These units consist predominantly of limestone, dolostone, and shale. Units of Ordovician age include the Garden City Formation and the …

Sedimentological And Foraminiferal Characterization Of A Holocene Island Slope (130-240m), North Jamaica, Craig V. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent carbonate sediments from (133-236m) on the northern Jamaican island slope are significantly different from shallower reef zones (l-70m) in grain constituents, textural parameters, and foraminiferal assemblages. The island slope sediment is dominated by coral fragments, calcareous algae, Halimeda plates, and foraminiferal tests. The sediment is characteristically poorly-sorted, nearly-symmetrically skewed, and mesokurtic, with a mean grain size in the fine sand range. Mineralogically, the sediment is predominantly aragonite (66%) and high-Mg calcite (22%), with some calcite (8%), and minor amounts of clays and other insoluble minerals (4%).

Q-mode cluster analyses of sediment constituents, textural parameters, and foraminiferal species and larger …

Diagenesis And Water Chemistry Of The Woodbine Group In The East Texas Basin, Helmuth Victor Wuerch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Petrographic and SEM study of flu vial-deltaic sections of the Woodbine Group in the East Texas Basin indicates that authigenic mineral suites are controlled, in part, by the presence of organic-rich matrix.

During early, precompaction diagenesis, organic matter supplied the metabolic fuel required by sulfate-reducing bacteria to reduce sulfate in depositional waters ultimately to pyrite. With burial the sulfate supply was ultimately exhausted, and bicarbonate activity thereafter controlled the precipitation of siderite and Fe-calcite.

Matrix material supplied the components and reaction sites for the most import ant porosity-occluding reaction: kaolinite --> Fe,M g chlorite. Matrix physically inhibited the growth of …

Petrology Of The Late Proterozoic(?) - Early Cambrian Arumbera Sandstone And The Late Proterozoic Quandong Conglomerate, East-Central Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, Johnnie O. Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout the James Ranges and Gardiner Range the Arumbera Sandstone forms prominent strike ridges with distinctive dark reddish slopes and pale red to orange-white cliffs. Because of their lithologic and stratigraphic similarities, the names Eninta and ''Quandong" for these units should be suppressed in favor of the name of Arumbera Sandstone, which has precedence. The stratigraphic and lithologic differences observed between the Quandong Conglomerate in the type locality and the Arumbera Sandstone in the study area suggest that these units are not equivalent. Similarites with the Areyonga Formation suggest the Quandong Conglomerate could be part of the Areyonga Formation.

Lithofacies …

Carnivore Competition And Resource Use In The Serengeti Ecosystem Of Tanzania, George Walter Frame

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Coexisting ungulate-eating carnivores--lion, spotted hyena, cheetah, leopard, African wild dog, black-backed jackal, common jackal, and six species of vulture--are examined in East Africa's Serengeti ecosystem. Niche similarities year-round, by season, and by location are described using food, habitat, time of hunting, and other variables. Intraspecific niches of cheetah sex, age, and social groups show that male coalitions differ most from the others in hunting behavior and habitat use. Tests using the carnivore data failed to support hypotheses about niche breadth variation, niche overlap variation, range of food items, and niche inclusion. Densities of the five largest Carnivora in the 35,500 …

Boron Composition Of Alfalfa In Utah As Related To Soils And Irrigation Waters, Robert N. Radtke Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eighteen field plots at 15 locations were selected throughout the state to evaluate the status of the boron content in irrigation waters, soils, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plant tissue under irrigated conditions.

No boron deficiency symptoms were observed in any of the alfalfa plants at any of these locations, nor were any of the plant tissue boron levels inadequate. Only two locations were found in which the alfalfa plants exibited toxicity symptoms. These locations were along the Indian and Antelope Creeks in Duchesne County which contain high boron levels in the water. All the alfalfa and soil tested …

Contextual Control Of Stimulus Equivalence With Preschool Children, M. Regina Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research asked whether a contextual stimulus in a visual conditional discrimination task controlled membership in classes of stimuli related hierarchically. Six experiments with nonreading preschool children posed the following question:

Does a stimulus juxtaposed with a conditional discrimination task control relations among the stimuli involved in the task? In Experiments I and II, printed instance or concept words were juxtaposed with conditional discrimination tasks involving symbols. Results for eight of nine children demonstrated neither conditional nor equivalence relations between words and symbols.

Would conditional discrimination training establish classes of visual stimuli composed of selectively nonequivalent subsets? In Experiment III, …

The Vertical Distribution Of Salts In A Soil Profile During The Drainage Process, Adel Taha Yassin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a model to predict water extraction patterns and therefore salt distribution patterns in a one dimensional homogeneous soil profile for a specified root distribution.

Water extraction was simulated as a function of the total potential and the root density at any level of the profile.

Salt redistribution caused by irrigation was simulated by assuming a partial and proportional displacement of the water in each soil layer.

A computer program was written for the model in Fortran language and implemented on the Vax. To evaluate the performance of the model, test studies were …

The Surficial Geology And Neotectonics Of Hansel Valley, Box Elder County, Utah, Robert M. Robison

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Hansel Valley, located at the north end of the Great Salt Lake in Box Elder County, Utah, has exposures of the lacustrine sediments of the Little Valley, Bonneville, and Gilbert lake cycles. A 1:50,000 scale map was constructed of the surface geology. Although no trenches were dug for this study, about 240m of logs were compiled in an arroyo in lake bottom sediments. Sediments from at least three lake cycles were found in this gully: 1) compact bottom deposits from the Little Valley cycle; 2) bottom sediments from an intermediate cycle (the Hansel Valley cycle); and 3) beach gravel and …

Investigation Of Host Selection By Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Ponderosae) Hopk. In Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) Dougl., Thomas James Eager

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lodgepole pines Pinus contorta (Douglas) were treated by girdling to assess the response by an endemic population of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Capture in 'sticky traps' indicated that the beetles were attracted while in flight towards the wounded trees. A significant difference in the landing rates of bark beetles between the treated and untreated trees indicated that the beetles were able to distinguish wounded from non-wounded trees while still in flight. Pressure chamber readings demonstrated that water stress developed in the girded trees when compared to the non-girdled trees.

Impact Of The Western Spruce Budworm On Buds, Developing Cones And Seeds Of Douglas-Fir In The Intermountain Region, Charles Joseph Frank

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious defoliator of conifers in the western U.S. and western Canada. In 1985 epidemic levels of the budworm caused average tree defoliation in west-central Idaho to increase to 83%, up substantially from the 35% average tree defoliation of 1984. Associated with this increase in defoliation was a change in the relative stand defolation ranking between the two years. found to damage all types and In 1985 the budworm was developmental stages of reproductive structures of Douglas- fir, including: seedcone buds, pollen-cones buds, maturing cones, and seeds. Differential selection of …

The Effects Of Recreation Specialization And Motivations On The Environmental Setting Preferences Of Backcountry Hikers, Randy J. Virden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study explored how recreation specialization and different types of motivations were related to environmental settings preferred by backcountry hikers. A questionnaire was developed that measured the level of hiking specialization, desired psychological outcomes, and preferred environmental setting attributes. Questionnaires were mailed to 619 backcountry hikers from three Intermountain West hiking areas; a response rate of 68 percent was attained.

Results of the study revealed significant associations between the level of hiking specialization and the psychological states desired by backcountry hikers. In general, increased hiking specialization served to increase the importance of specific psychological outcomes such as autonomy, exercise, achievement …

The Redevelopment Of Plant Community Diversity On A Surface Coal Mine In Southwestern Wyoming, Thomas Joseph Hatton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was initiated in 1981 to investigate the redevelopment of plant communities on a recontoured, surface-mined site in southwestern Wyoming. The landscape pattern of vegetation was compared with topographic position, the initial topsoil pattern, and cultural practices including shrub planting density, shrub planting pattern and topsoil treatments for the years 1982-1985. In addition, differences in vascular plant species diversity within these various factors and treatments were determined, along with the trend in intracommunity (alpha), intercommunity (beta) and landscape (gamma) diversity for the entire study area.

The influence of site factors and tested cultural practices on the differentiation of the …

A Market Analysis For Adult Outdoor Education In Five Western States, Karla Joy Vanderzanden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Organizations that offer Outdoor Education programs for adults are concerned with how to best attract people to their programs. Effective program design begins with a clear understanding of the people to be served. A marketing orientation--meeting the needs of participants--has begun to pervade non-profit management; specific information on the adult market for Outdoor Education remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize segments based upon the benefits people seek from such an experience. Secondly, this analysis describes current programs 1n a five state region and identifies discrepancies between available and needed services.

A mail survey of …

Animal Nutritional Response To Sward Structure Under Short Duration Grazing Management, Kenneth C. Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A ten-paddock short duration grazing cell was stocked with yearling heifers at a stocking rate of 0.7 ha per animal unit month and a stocking density of 0.14 ha per animal unit. A continuously-season- long-grazed (CSLG) pasture was used as a control. It was stocked at the same stocking rate, but at a stocking density of 1.4 ha per animal unit. Grazing periods in SDG paddocks were two or three days. Dietary quality was assessed by crude protein · content and in vitro digestibility of esophageal fistula estrusa samples. Three variables of ingestive behavior were measured, including ingestion rate, biting …

Mineral Recognition And Liberation Degree Measurements In Industrial Ore Processing, G. Bonifazi, P. Massacci

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This study aims at identifying calculation procedures and representation methods for identifying the mineral species present in a rock. The goal of the study is to identify: the characteristic spectrum for each mineral species identified in the ore; the main shape of the individual species; the preferential arrangement of the individual mineral species; the grain-size distribution of the individual mineral species and of the grains resulting from comminution processes; the degree of liberation for each mineral; and the degree of liberation of the comminution products obtained from the ores.

An Optimal Control Model For Analysis Of Timber Resource Utilization In Southeast Asia, Kenneth S. Lyon, Roger A. Sedjo, Bambang P. Adiwiyoto

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

A discrete time optimal control forestry model is built and a shooting method solution algorithm identified. The applicability of the model and algorithm to public policies that affect forestry resources is demonstrated in an application of the model to examine the development of wood processing capacity in Southeast Asia. The necessary conditions of the optimal control model are manipulated to identify a difference equation problem with initial and terminal conditions. The solution to this boundry value problem is identified using a search routine that repetitively, numerically evaluates (shoots) the difference equations. The solution is the trajectory that satisfies the initial …

Utah Science Vol. 47 No. 1, Spring 1986

Utah Science

2 ANNUAL FLOWERS W. A. Varga Looking for ways to add color and interest to the landscape? A USU horticulturist reviews the attributes of some annual flowers.

6 UNDERSTANDING PLANT-MICROBE COMMUNICATION Anne Anderson Eavesdropping on the "conversations" between plants and microbes may help researchers genetically engineer plants more resistant to pathogens and that can better utilize beneficial microorganisms.

9 WHOLE MILK OR MILK REPLACERS: A NUTRITIONAL AND ECONOMIC COMPARISON S. L. Maxfield. J. L. Walters, R. D. White, and S. D. Allen Even though prices for whole milk have declined in recent months, it still isn't economical to substitute marketable …

Characteristics Of Western Region Flash Flood Events In Goes Imagery And Conventional Data, United States Department Of Commerce, National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration

Water

This memorandum presents characteristics of western region convective and extratropical cyclone flash flood events as observed in (VIS and IR) GOES imagery, and conventional surface and upper air data. One hundred and thirty-seven convective heavy rainfall events from 1981 through 1983 were examined and categorized into time of year, time of day of maximum precipitation, minimum cloud top temperature at time of maximum precipitation, and type of satellite observed convective system. Detailed analyses of conventional data for the largest flash flood producing mesoscale convective systems (MCS's) yielded four distinct atmospheric patterns at the surface, 700, and 500 mb levels. Twenty-four …

Dynamic Economic Model Of The Optimal Forest Rotation Revisited, Rabindra N. Bhattacharyya, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The introduction of the "maximum principle" by Pontryagin et al. (1964) elevated optimal control as a research tool in economics to prominence. Optimal control models describe the evolvement of a system over a time horizon and determine optimal levels of decision variables over time. Anderson (1976), in comparing the net present value (NPV) model of forest rotation and the optimal control approach to resource management, generated a rotation rule comparable to the Faustmann rule (1968). But both of these approaches assume that timber production is the sole objective of forest management and abstract from multiple forest benefits. The purpose of …

Effects Of Monetary Changes On The Price Level And Output In The U.S. Agricultural Sector, Peter J. Saunders, Deevon Bailey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Accelerating inflation in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to renewed interest in empirical testing the causes of inflation. Although several possible causes of inflation have been suggested, all can be broadly divided into two major categories. The first is the keynesian or structuralist explanation asserting that inflation is directly caused by real shocks in some sectors of the economy. These exogenous shocks can be due to many factors, such as global crop failures, increases in prices of raw material, and other factors of this nature. The real shocks lead to a contraction in output which in turn increases …