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The Relative Susceptibilities Of Interresponse Times And Post-Reinforcement Pauses To Differential Reinforcement, Nancy L. Trapp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Post-reinforcement pauses (PRP) and interresponse times (IRTs) were examined to determine if these two temporal units changed in a similar fashion as a function of the delivery of differential reinforcement. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, four pigeons were exposed to a series of procedures in which PRP and IRT durations were gradually increased and then decreased. A fixed-ratio two (FR 2) differentiation schedule was used. Reinforcement was delivered if the PRP or IRT durations were greater than (PRP > and IRT > procedures) or less than (PRP < and IRT < procedures) specified temporal criteria. Criteria were gradually changed across procedures. Results showed that PRPs and IRTs changed in accordance with the differential reinforcement as specified by the various contingencies. When PRPs and IRTs were free to vary, the PRPs tended to change in a direction consistent with the IRT shaping contingencys whereas, the IRTs tended to shorten regardless of the PRP shaping contingency. In Experiment 2, two subjects were exposed to both an FR 2 and FR 1 schedule to determine if schedule size influenced the effects obtained on the differentiation procedures. PRPs were systematically changed using a differentiation procedure with a response requirement of either FR 1 or FR 2. Results showed similar changes in PRP durations between FR 1 and FR 2 differentiation procedures. An analysis of errors made on each shaping condition in both experiments was conducted to determine whether PRPs or IRTs were more susceptible to the differential reinforcement contingencies. Fewer errors were made on the PRP shaping conditions, indicating that PRPs were more easily changed. Implications for a comprehensive theory of reinforcement were discussed.

Study Of America's Adopt-A-Horse (Or Burro) Program, Peter A. Lawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study analyzes aspects of Wild and Free-Roaming Horse and Burro adoptions. After primary data are gathered by a questionnaire sent to wild horse and burro adopters, various statistics, and regression test results are reported, which indicate that the demand for the wild horses is multifaceted and that the wild animals are not a homogeneous product. The results overwhelmingly indicate that young and female horses are preferred by the majority of adopters. This finding had supportive evidence in both a price determination model as well as adopters' responses to the survey that was conducted as a part of this study. …

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Langston And Ute Formations In Southeastern Idaho, Daniel T. Rogers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Middle Cambrian Langston and Ute formations were studied in the northern portion of the Bear River Range and the south-central part of the Portneuf Range in southeastern Idaho.

The rocks of the Langston and Ute formations were divided into 17 different rock types. The 17 rock types were formed within four recognizable lithofacies: I) Shoal - or Coastal-Peritidal Carbonate Complex; 2) Agitated Shoal; 3) Inner Marine Shelf; and 4) Outer Marine Shelf. Clastic sediments belonging to the Spence Shale Member of the Langston Formation (outer marine shelf) were deposited over the carbonate complex. A transgressive sequence marks the base …

A Comparison Of Rank And Bootstrap Procedures For Completely Randomized Designs With Jittering, Feng-Ling Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper discusses results of a computer simulation to investigate the effect of jittering to simulate measurement error. In addition, the classical F ratio, the bootstrap F and the F for ranked data are compared. Empirical powers and p-values suggest the bootstrap is a good and robust procedure and the rank procedure seems to be too liberal when compared to the classical F ratio.

A Test For Determining An Appropriate Model For Accelerated Life Data, Yuan-Who Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate a method for testing the appropriateness of accelerated life model. This method is based upon a polynomial approximation. The parameters are estimated and used for testing the appropriateness of the model.

An example illustrates the polynomial method. Real data are applied for this method. Comparison with another method demonstrates that the polynomial method is much simpler and has comparable accuracy.

Spatial And Temporal Landslide Distribution And Hazard Evaluation Analyzed By Photogeologic Mapping And Relative-Dating Techniques, Salt River Range, Wyoming, John B. Rice Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The distribution of landslide type and age was analyzed to determine the causes and timing of landsliding, and to assess landslide hazards in the study area. 1173 landslides and zones of landsliding were mapped on 1:15,840 scale air photos and designated by their style of movement and age. Slides were assigned to one of four age classes based on their degree of morphologic modification visible on air photos. Relative dating (RD) methods previously applied to glacial deposits were used to refine and calibrate the age classification.

Eleven RD para meters were measured on 21 rockslide and 19 glacial deposits. Cluster …

Petrology Of Pliocene (?) Basalts Of Curlew Valley (Box Elder Co.), Utah, Steven Brent Kerr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Basalt outcrops in Curlew Valley consist of several flow remnants and eruptive centers situated along the valley margins. Basalt is also found in association with salic rocks that erupted in the central portion of the valley. The basalts are of probable Pliocene age and were erupted during a period of active extensional tectonics. Since their emplacement, the basalts have been extensively eroded and downfaulted. The present morphology reflects the erosional and depositional processes of prehistoric Lake Bonneville.

Twelve samples were analyzed chemically for major oxides, trace elements, and rare-earth elements. The basalts form a hypersthene normative series ranging from olivine …

Demographic And Professional Dimensions Of Child Care Providers, Carol Joan Armga

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a demographic profile of current child care providers in 3 selected Western states. Further, this study sought to assess dimensions of professionally in the day to day activities of child care workers.

Utilizing a mailed questionnaire, 226 child care providers in Salt Lake City, Utah; Eugene, Oregon; and Boise, Idaho were surveyed for information on demographics and professional dimensions. Results suggest that the demographic profile created by a cross-sectional sample of child care providers differs markedly from a profile created by a sample based on professional affiliation. Statistical analyses suggest that education …

The Relationship Between The Content Component Of Cognitive Moral Development And Premarital Sexual Standards, Janet H. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the content of moral thought and premarital sexual standards. The sample used (n=159) was homogeneous and purposive; the majority of the sample was female, second year college students, and Caucasian. A discriminant analysis using the sexual standards of permissiveness with affection and the traditional standard as dependent variables, and the moral constructs of egoism, hedonism, nonhedonism, utilitarianism, deontology, rule-utilitarianism, act-utilitarianism, rule-orientation, and act-orientation as independent (predictor) variables was run. This analysis resulted in a final model in which egoism, hedonism, nonhedonism, act-utilitarianism, and rule-orientation were found to …

The Effect Of Ultrafiltration On Protein Quality Of Skimmilk And Cottage Cheese, Rita Y. Y. Tung

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein quality in freeze-dried skimmilk (SM), regular cottage cheese (RCC), retentate (Ret) and cottage cheese made from ultrafiltrated skimmilk (UFCC) were evaluated by chemical (amino acid score) and biological methods. Biological evaluation was at 5, 8 and 11% protein level in growing rats by measuring biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and nitrogen efficiency for growth (NEG) over a 14-day period. A 28-day protein efficiency ratio (PER) was determined on the same products at 10% protein level. Effects of added lactose on PER of retentate, regular and UFCC were also evaluated. The most limiting amino acids were cystine + …

Verbal Interactions Among Elementary Students With The Jigsaw Ii Learning Method, Katherine Gilbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The cooperative learning method, Jigsaw II, was implemented in a grade four social studies class for the purpose of examining the verbal interactions among students as they learned from each other. Jigsaw II is structured to enhance cooperation because each student has exclusive information that is needed by other group members to do well on a test. It was hypothesized that the more capable students in a heterogeneous learning group would help the less capable ones learn the material. As the lower ability students gained proficiency in teaching their information, the variance in the rates of speaking would be less …

Academic Achievement Of Bereaved Children: Comparison With A Nonbereaved Population, Rebecca W. Valcarce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of bereavement on the academic achievement of secondary school students who had lost a parent through death by comparing them with students attending the same schools but who were living with both natural parents. The subjects in both groups were matched on pretest scores and demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. Achievement posttest scores and overall high school grade point averages of both groups were compared using ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses. None of the analyses were found to be statistically significant, implying that academic achievement is not …

Hydrogeology And Hydrochemistry Of Springs In Mantua Valley And Vicinity, North-Central Utah, Karen C. Rice

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chemical and tritium analyses of groundwater, precipitation and discharge records, fracture orientations, lineaments, and structural, stratigraphic, and topographic relationships have been used to describe the groundwater systems of Mantua Valley, north-central Utah. Groundwater flows through fractured Paleozoic quartzites and carbonate rocks and discharges from eleven perennial springs in Mantua Valley. Permeability in quartzites is the result of intense faulting and jointing. Groundwater in carbonate aquifers flows through fractures and/or fractures modified by solution and discharges as relatively large springs (up to 227 liters per second). Neogene normal faulting, rather than extensive karst processes, has produced valleys which are closed or …

Performance And Design Of Labyrinth Spillway, Nosratollah Amanian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In recent years, the general interest in the safety of dams and reservoirs has grown appreciably. This research describes the application and design of labyrinth weirs to improve the performance of existing reservoirs and also to be used for the construction of new dams. The parameters that can affect the performance of labyrinth weirs are discussed. Tests were conducted on normal linear weirs with four different crest shapes to determine the rate of change of discharge coefficient when each type of weir is used. It is found that weirs with rounded-crest shape can pass more flow than other types of …

Nonparametric Confidence Intervals For The Reliability Of Real Systems Calculated From Component Data, Jean Spooner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A methodology which calculates a point estimate and confidence intervals for system reliability directly from component failure data is proposed and evaluated. This is a nonparametric approach which does not require the component time to failures to follow a known reliability distribution.

The proposed methods have similar accuracy to the traditional parametric approaches, can be used when the distribution of component reliability is unknown or there is a limited amount of sample component data, are simpler to compute, and use less computer resources. Depuy et al. (1982) studied several parametric approaches to calculating confidence intervals on system reliability. The test …

Synthetic Studies Toward B-Alkylthiolanthionines, Hwa-Ok Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Synthetic routes toward a B-alkylthiolanthionine derivative, as found in the quinomycin depsipeptide antibiotics, have been studied through a sequence involving as the key intermediates and steps (a) (S) - Z-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3,3-dimethoxy-l-propanol (2), prepared from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-serine in 3 or 4 steps, (b) N-benzyloxycarbonyl- 0 - tetrahydropyranyl-B,B-(ethylsulfinylethylthio)-alaninol (4a), converted from 2, and (c) attempted Lewis acid catalyzed replacement of alkylsulfinyl function by thiol moiety of cysteine, which gave undesired products. Stability of protecting groups used in this study, which are N,0-isopropylidenyl and tetrahydropyranyl functions in N-protected-L-serinol 20 or 26, under acidic conditions was found to play an important role in determining the optical …

The Association Of Seed And Cone Predator Populations And Cone Crop Production In Engelmann Spruce, Dawn E. Cameron

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) exhibits cone crop periodicity, producing seed in a cyclic pattern. Variation in seed production has been noted between individuals of a population, but synchronization on a large scale is common. The theory that ultimately these periodic large cone crops have resulted from the selective pressures of seed and cone predators, referred to as the predator satiation hypothesis, is considered. Assuming predator pressures have operated over evolutionary time to select for periodic synchrony, associations between seed and cone predators and cone crop production levels were anticipated. These potential consequences of predator satiation were …

Variational Principles Of Fluid Mechanics And Electromagnetism: Imposition And Neglect Of The Lin Constraint, Ross Roundy Allen Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Variational principles in classical fluid mechanics and electromagnetism have sprinkled the literature since the eighteenth century. Even so, no adequate variational principle in the Eulerian description of matter was had until 1968 when an Eulerian variational principle was introduced which reproduces Euler's equation of fluid dynamics. Although it successfully produces the appropriate equation of motion for a perfect fluid, the variational principle requires imposition of a constraint which was not fully understood at the time the variational principle was introduced. That constraint is the Lin constraint. The Lin constraint has subsequently been utilized by a number of authors who have …

Shamat: A Matrix Manipulation Program, Shahriyar Dadkhah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This report is both a users guide and a programmers manual for running and modifying the program SHAMAT, an interactive matrix calculator. The program is written in Turbo Pascal version 3.0 for MS-DOS computers. This software enables the user to type in matrix equations for solving statistical problems such as multiple regression, analysis of variance, etc. All matrix operations necessary for linear models analysis are included in this program. Since each operation uses a separate subroutine, program enhancement, modification and updating is demonstrated to be easy.

Program Development For Computer Simulation And Analysis For Multiplex Chromatography, Barbara Pawliszyn

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In this report, the programs developed for the analysis of simulated data in multiplex chromatography are written in the ASYST language. The integration of the program modules into a menu-driven, user-friendly prototype program is outlined. The program is developed to allow for flexibility and easy upgrading of the code.

This report examines the calculation procedures potentially useful in multiplex chromatography. Analysis of the mutliplex chromatograms is done by three mathematical methods, Cross-Correlation, Hadamard Transform and Fast Fourier Transform. The effects of experimental length/chromatogram length and decision sequences on correlation noise present in a single chromatogram, are discussed. As the number …

Scanning Electron Microscopy In Oral Mucosal Research: A Review, A. Kullaa-Mikkonen

Scanning Microscopy

This review paper highlights some aspects of the contribution of SEM in the field of oral mucosa research. These include 1) different preparative techniques, 2) structure of the oral mucosa and its role in normal function, 3) advances in oral microbiology, 4) development of the oral mucosal epithelium, 5) pathological diagnosis and 6) morphometry.

There are four main ways to study the oral mucosa with SEM; biopsy (autopsy) samples, smears, replica technique, and cell culture techniques. The structural studies can be divided as studies of the surface structure of the superficial cells of the oral mucosa and studies of the …

The Application Of An Improved Laser Microprobe In Art Analysis, Gary W. Carriveau, Lin Chang-Shan, David M. Coleman

Scanning Microscopy

The laser microprobe has many features which would seem to make it an ideal tool for analysis of art objects. These include high spatial resolution, extremely small sample requirements, a wide variety of possible elements for analysis over a large dynamic range of concentrations and capability of sampling a variety of sizes and shapes. Problems of surface damage, spectral insensitivity, and poor accuracy and precision had limited the applicability of this technique in the past. Following a systematic study of these limitations, improved performance has been achieved. In addition, a mathematical model of the sampling process has been developed in …

Theory Of Electron Beam Induced Current And Cathodoluminescence Contrasts From Structural Defects Of Semiconductor Crystals; Steady-State And Time-Resolved Problems, A. Jakubowicz

Scanning Microscopy

Electron-beam-induced current and cathodoluminescence are powerful tools for revealing and characterizing point-like defects, dislocations, and grain boundaries in semiconductor crystals.

This paper reviews the theoretical studies of electron-beam-induced current and cathodoluminescence contrasts from local structure defects of semiconductor crystals (the geometrical aspects of both contrasts, the assessment of the defect properties from the contrast, the evaluation of bulk parameters in the presence of defects, and time-resolved characterization of defects), including recent developments in this area.

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy And Biology, C. Jeanguillaume

Scanning Microscopy

Although most of the recent work concerning EELS in electron microscopy is related to instrumental developments, there are a number of papers relating to biological applications. The aim of this paper is to attempt to present in a pedagogical manner the subject of EELS and biology. The biologist will be taught about EELS and the physicist about the possible biological applications of this technique. The paper thus consists of: 1) a presentation of a minimum background on EELS required for biologists to realize what its potential is; 2) a description of why EELS is a useful tool in biology; 3) …

Unsteady Flow Modeling Of The Releases From Glen Canyon Dam At Selected Locations In The Grand Canyon, Jerold F. Lazenby

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Theoretical Study Of The Effect Of Ionospheric Return Currents On The Electron Temperature, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka, M. D. Bowline

All Physics Faculty Publications

An electron heat flow can occur in a partially ionized plasma in response to either an electron temperature gradient (thermal conduction) or an electron current (thermoelectric heat flow). The former process has been extensively studied, while the latter process has received relatively little attention. Therefore a time-dependent three-dimensional model of the high-latitude ionosphere was used to study the effect of field-aligned ionospheric return currents on auroral electron temperatures for different seasonal and solar cycle conditions as well as for different upper boundary heat fluxes. The results of this study lead to the following conclusions: (1) The average, large-scale, return current …

Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

To complete economic analysis of range improvements completed on the Oak Creek Management area of central Utah, we needed an estimate of the value of forage. A review of the literature revealed several methods of estimating forage values. These methods yielded eight estimates of public rangeland forage ranging from $1.23 to $30 per animal unit month (AUM). Six of the estimates were based on actual market transactions or current administered prices and were the most reflective of actual economic processes. The best estimates of value were those for leasing similar rangeland in the immediate area.

Adjustment Costs Of Trade Liberalization: Dairy And Meat Industries In Utah, Basudeb Biswas, Tyler Bowles

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The United States is an efficient and low-cost agricultural producer demonstrated by huge domestic agricultural surpluses and exports. This is a partial reason however for the crisis now facing American agriculture: we can produce more agricultural products than can be sold at prices which provide a reasonable profit (Johnson). While the problem is quite clear, the solution is not.

Insites, Winter 1987, Utah State University

inSites

Magazine of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning

Project Reports 1987-1991, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.