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The Utah Statesman, September 30, 1983, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, September 28, 1983, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Integrated Pest Management: A Useful Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has become a popular phrase and is looked upon by some persons as the solution to all pest problems and many environmental issues. Unfortunately, the concept of IPM is often misunderstood and at times misused.

Mid-Atlantic States Raccoon Rabies Outbreak, Suzanne R. Jenkins, William G. Winkler

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In the mid-1950s, an outbreak of raccoon rabies was recognized in South Florida and marked the beginning of epizootic/enzootic rabies in raccoons in this country. It spread at a rate of about 25 miles per year and currently includes eastern Alabama and most of Georgia and South Carolina. Up until the recent mid-Atlantic outbreak, the southern focus accounted for about 85 to 90% of the approximately 400 confirmed rabid raccoons reported in the United States each year.

Parasites Of Wildlife Transmissible To Domestic Animals And Humans, Jay R. Georgi

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Parasites of wild animals are of great importance to the health of humans and their domestic animals. Wild birds serve as reservoirs of various forms of viral encephalitis that are transmitted to humans and domestic animals through the bites of mosquitoes. Wild rodents serve as reservoirs of plague and tularemia and feed the ticks that transmit rickettsial dis-eases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. These are familiar examples that do not require further elaboration here. The objective of the following out-line is to review several less notorious but nevertheless important parasitisms that are communicable from wildlife to domestic animals and …

Bird Hazards At Airports, Richard L. Thompson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This is a 137-slide audio-visual presentation of approximately 21 minutes duration produced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide an awareness of bird hazards to aircraft in the airport environment and some procedures to reduce the hazard. The audio-visual is a semi-technical orientation and training program for airport/airfield managers, aircraft controllers, airline managers. pilots, and other airport users.

Summary Comments, Merrill L. Petoskey

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Thank you for asking me to participate in this conference, the first of its kind in the eastern United States. We are glad that some funding from the Renewable Resources Extension Act has helped to make this conference possible. Jim Miller, National Pro-gram Leader for Fish and Wildlife, Extension Service-USDA, provided early impetus in planning the program, and as a member of the conference committee, served as chairman of publicity and encouraged wide participation. We are pleased that, along with SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, the Extension Service, USDA, could …

Nuisance Bird Control In Virginia, Jim Hartlage, Bob Thomas, Joe May, Phil Eggborn

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In the mid-1960s, State officials of Virginia recognized an increasing bird damage problem, yet no legislation existed that allowed any state agency the authority to initiate a nuisance bird control program. In 1968, with bird damage estimated at 25 million dollars, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Nuisance Bird Law. This law provided the basic legislation for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Commerce (VDAC) to allow its personnel to investigate complaints, conduct surveys, and initiate bird control programs when necessary. Administration of the law is by the Plant Pest Control Section of the VDAC along with a cooperative agreement …

Population Status Of Blackbirds And Starlings In North America, 1966-81, Richard A. Dolbeer, Robert A. Stehn

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In the early 1800s, the Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) was the most abundant bird in North America (and perhaps the world) with a population size of at least 3 billion (Schorger 1955). With the clearing of the forests in the East and Great Lakes Region, food supplies and cover were depleted and the Pigeon population declined rapidly. Undoubtedly, large scale market hunting accelerated the inevitable decline. The population was extinct in the wild in 1900 and the last individual died in captivity in 1914.

Structural Bird Control - An Overview, Charles W. Areson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Structural pest bird control is probably the most environmentally sensitive area of all pest control. The potential hazards associated with bird control are far greater and far more open to public scrutiny than in any other type of pest control. One error in judgment may bring the wrath of an entire community on you, as well as involve you with legal repercussions from both federal and state agencies. Hazards to non-target species are always a threat when using any type of program with toxics, and potential secondary hazards to protected and endangered species must always be considered. There is no …

The Use Of Eurasian Dogs To Protect Sheep From Predators In North America: A Summary Of Research At The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Jeffrey S. Green, Roger A. Woodruff

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The authors thank the sheep producers who cooperated in the study. R. Harman, R. VanHorn, S. Ecret, K. Havelock, J. Geiser, W. Bowers, G. Pendleton, D. Johnson, and C. Schwartz helped with the care and evaluation of the dogs.

In the search for methods to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) predation on sheep, livestock guarding dogs have been found to be a relatively successful technique in a variety of conditions including open rangeland (Green and Woodruff in press) and fenced pastures (Linhart et al. 1979, McGrew and Bakesley 1982, Pfeifer and Goos 1982, Green et al. In Press a). …

The Effects Of Soil Texture And Related Soil Properties On The Distribution And Control Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) In New York State Apple Orchards, John R. Whitney

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The semifossorial microtine rodent Microtus pinetorum or the pine vole is well known as a destructive pest in fruit orchards (Hamilton 1935; Benton 1955; Burt 1957). The subterranean burrows of the pine vole often parallel the roots of apple trees, and damage occurs when the rodent gnaws the bark and cambial layers of large roots and severs smaller roots, occasionally even girdling the tree to more than a foot below the surface (Benton 1955; Pearson and Forshey 1978).

Evaluation Of Induced Sterility For Beaver (Castor Canadensis) Management Problems, J. J. Kennelly, P. J. Lyons

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The concept of controlling animal damage problems by reducing fecundity of offending species through induced sterility first was proposed by Knipling (1955) for insect control and was applied successfully by that author (Knipling 1959) for eradication of the screw-worm fly. The potential application to vertebrate pest problems was recognized immediately by David (1961) and, subsequently, by many other workers for a variety of pests (e.g. Balser 1964; Kennelly et al. 1970: Murton et al. 1972; McDonald 1980; Potvin et al. 1982) including beaver (Arner 1964; Blanchard 1964; Nevers 1968; Hill 1977). Unfortunately, the method remains today largely unavailable for routine …

Bats In Human Dwellings: Health Concerns And Management, Stephen C. Frantz, Charles V. Trimarchi

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The natural roosts of insectivorous bats in the north-east US are typically caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees. A few species, primarily Myotis lucifigus (little brown bat) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), have readily adapted to living in the houses and other structures of humans. During the warmer months of April through October, commensal bats sometimes become a nuisance due to their colonial habits and resultant odors, noises, guano deposits, and associated aesthetic and economic damages. Bat ectoparasites and at least one fungal disease, histoplasmosis, are of some medical import and the observation of bats flying about a residence …

Wildlife Population Cycles: Implications For Damage Control Planning, Richard E. Griffiths

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Animal population cycles are not a newly discovered phenomena. References to irruptions (sic, Leopold 1933 p. 50) of small rodents can be found in the Old Testament, the writings of Aristotle and in European histories (Orr 1963 p. 360). The wildlife literature is filled with descriptions and studies of the population fluctuations of numerous species. Despite the vast amounts of data collected and speculation engaged in, biologists only partially understand the reasons for these fluctuations (Archibald 1977, Chitty 1952, Christian 1950, Cole 1951, Frank 1957, Hoffman 1958 Swinton 1883 and many others).

Chem-News - An On-Line Pesticide Information Program, W. G. Smith, R. I. Carruthers, J. Barnard

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Computerization of pesticide information is rapidly becoming a necessity as regulatory agencies expand their activities through enforcement, monitoring, and certification of pesticide applicators. Educational institutions responsible for providing pesticide information and pesticide applicator training for certification must also expand their capabilities for immediate updating and faster retrieval. Two programs at Cornell University, the Chemical-Pesticides Program and the Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (PIAP), are presently involved in developing on-line pesticide information for researchers, extension personnel, and regulatory agencies, as well as for those using pesticides.

Animal Damage Control In Eastern United States, Donald A. Spencer

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This report is an overview of ongoing animal damage control programs in the 31 Eastern States, made possible by scores of individuals and the organizations they represent. The response to requests for data was excellent. For example, all 31 State Wildlife Agencies contributed information on their programs. As was to be expected, the organizations contacted do not use the same format in discharging their responsibilities nor in the records they keep. Thus precisely recorded figures have to march side by side with "educated estimates", but at least the estimates were made by personnel intimately acquainted with a particular project. As …

Beaver Management In The Southeastern United States: A Review And Update, David K. Woodward

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Beaver populations in primitive times have been estimated at 60 million animals distributed across the North American continent where adequate food and water existed (Seton 1900). History books document well the exploitation of this resource by trappers in the settling of the new world. The search for beaver was so efficient that by the beginning of the twentieth century only small numbers of animals remained in remote areas. During the early 1900's however, beaver populations began to increase for a variety of reasons. Foremost among these were trapping restrictions, but the absence of natural predators, reversion of abandoned farms to …

Wildlife Damage Control In Eastern Cities And Suburbs, Vagn Flyger, Daniel L. Leedy, Thomas M. Franklin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The topics covered in this paper are based mainly on experiences with people seeking help from the University of Maryland and the National Institute for Urban Wildlife. Although most residents of cities and suburbs enjoy and appreciate wildlife, we are frequently reminded that some do not, other people only tolerate and enjoy selected animal species, provided that these animals ''behave" - they don't make noise, keep their distance, don't damage ornamentals, and are not messy. Some people are so intolerant of wildlife that they even complain about frog choruses from nearby ponds. Response to wildlife varies such that one resident …

Comparison Of 8 Physical Barriers Used For Protecting Douglas-Fir Seedlings From Deer Browse, David R. Deyoe, Wieger Schaap

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The success or failure of forest regeneration efforts in western Oregon and Washington often depends on adequate control of animal damage to young seedlings. Cutover and partially stocked forest lands provide excellent habitat for animals that clip or browse young seedlings. Black and Dimock (1969) estimated that animals were responsible for roughly one out of five reforestation failures. The Cooperative Animal Damage study of coniferous plantations in Oregon and Washington (1963-1975) found that animals damaged an average of 30 percent of all unprotected Douglas-fir seedlings each year on the 165 plots studied (Black et al. 1979). Browsing by deer and …

Crop Depredations By Canada Geese In East-Central Wisconsin, Richard A. Hunt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1973, I presented a paper on "Waterfowl Crop Damage in Wisconsin" at the 6th Bird Control Seminar at Bowling Green, Ohio (Hunt & Bell 1983). That paper reviewed crop damage by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) around Horicon National Wildlife Refuge and the program developed to pay for and control damage, and suggested some recommendations related to future depredations management. At that time the fall goose population was about 200,000 at peak levels on the refuge. Since 1973, some significant changes were implemented in the Horicon area that reduced the peak concentration to less than 100,000. Crop depredations …

Wildlife Damage Control And Wildlife Management, Dale A. Jones, Hugh C. Black

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

It is a distinct pleasure and privilege to help kick off this conference. But, first, we want to commend the Co-chairmen, Jim Caslick, Dan Decker, and John Kelley, and the Conference Committee involved in putting this excellent and timely program together.

Control Of Beaver Damage, James E. Miller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Beaver activity often conflicts with human's interests when damage occurs. It also has significant impact on the ecology of an area modified extensively by constant flooding. This often makes control of these animals somewhat different than for some other vertebrate species which cause serious damage. However, even though in biological terms beaver control may seem rather simple, in reality other factors including social, economic, and political pressures often dictate our actions more than dealing with the biological parameters of the species.

The Utah Statesman, September 26, 1983, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Residents' Annoyance Responses To Aircraft Noise Events, United States, National Aeronautics And Space Administration

Transportation

In a study conducted in the vicinity of Salt Lake City International Airport, community residents reported their annoyance with individual aircraft flyovers during rating sessions conducted in their homes. Annoyance ratings were obtained at different times of the day. Aircraft noise levels were measured, and other characteristics of the aircraft were noted by trained observers. Metrics commonly used for assessing aircraft noise were compared, but none performed significantly better than A-weighted sound pressure level. A significant difference was found between the ratings of commercial jet aircraft and general aviation propeller aircraft, with the latter being judged less annoying. After the …

Utah Science Vol. 44 No. 3, Fall 1983

Utah Science

57 CHEESEMAKERS ALTER THE DAIRY COW'S DIET R. C. Lamb Dairy herd management involves more than breeding for higher milk yields. Because cheesemakers are willing to pay higher prices for milk containing more fat and protein, cows are now feeding on more specialized, high-fiber, high-protein diets.

60 USU'S GROWING LACTIC CULTURE SYSTEM G. H. Richardson The Quality and Quantity of cheese a manufacturer produces depend on many factors. The choice and treatment of bacteria are among the most important decisions to be made. USU's lactic culture system can greatly increase cheese production and lower costs.

64 STORING NUTRITION D. G. …

Prostaglandins And Cyclic Nucleotides In The Ram Reproductive Tract, M. James Cosentino

Biology

It was the purpose of this study to examine various characteristics of the sperm and surrounding fluids in the testis, cauda epididymis and vas deferens in the adult ram, with an emphasis on prostaglandins, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclic nucleotides. Cannulas were placed into these three areas of 16 mature rams and samples were collected in a vial sutured to the scrotum of each animal. The data indicate a high degree of fluid reabsorption as the epididymis is traversed, resulting in an elevated sperm concentration in the distal regions. In addition, the number of sperm collected per day from each …

Inactivation Of Reovirus, Rotavirus, And Poliovirus By Chlorine In Water, Blair Takashi Fujimoto

Biology

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the rates of inactivation by chlorine of reovirus, rotavirus, and poliovirus at pH 6 and pH 10. The inactivation rates at pH 6 were greater than those at pH 10. Hypochlorous acid was found to be more effective than hypochlorite ion in the inactivation of all three viruses. The efficiency of inactivation of reovirus and rotavirus increased as the concentration of hypochlorite ion was increased. Conversely, the efficiency of inactivation decreased as the concentration of hypochlorous acid was increased. Infectious reovirus was inactivated at a faster rate than the potentially …

Nothing Succeeds Like Succession: Ecology And The Human Lot, James A. Macmahon

Faculty Honor Lectures

An Honor Lecture provides a rare opportunity for me as a scientist. First, I have the chance to share, and in a sense to justify, my chosen and cherished discipline, ecology, before an eclectic audience. Second, I have a reason to consider my profession in a broader perspective than I normally do, given the pressures of day-to-day teaching, of grantsmanship, and of acting the role of stern taskmaster to my graduate students. I relish the opportunity to dabble, with an ecological perspective, in history, in philosophy, and in other areas. First, I will discuss my discipline in the context of …

Development Of A Microflotation System To Continuously Sample Water For Reovirus Concentration And Detection, Daniel Dalton Marton

Biology

In order to monitor virus levels in most water systems, a virus concentration step is necessary for current assay systems to detect the presence of the virus. Microscopic fluorescent particles were used to determine the efficiency of a microflotation apparatus developed for use in a virus concentration method. The adsorption of particles or viruses onto bubbles in water, enhanced by added or natural foaming agents, is the governing principle of the concentration method investigated. Tests were conducted with organic fluorescent particles in distilled water containing different foaming agents: skim milk, protease peptone, yeast extract, and polyethylene glycol 20M. Tests were …