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A Guide In Working With Elementary-Aged Navajo Children Of Alcoholic Parents, George Ray Henry

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Programs which provide intervention services for children of alcoholics are very new and in their developing stages nationwide. Despite this, the need for such programs exists, particularly on the Navajo Reservation. All available literature was reviewed that relates to the state-of-the-art in programming for intervention with children of alcoholic parents. Programs in use with children are described and the rationale for adapting such programs for use with Navajo children is discussed. A Navajo intervention pilot program for children of alcoholics is outlined.

Public School Preschool For Disadvantaged Children: Program Quality And Long-Term Effects, Ellen Frede

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although preschool for disadvantaged children is strongly supported nationally as a beneficial endeavor, the research that underlies this support has mostly been limited to small-scale, high-quality experiments. Some have questioned the ability of public schools to provide similar experiences for young children and to produce long-term effects. This study is a long-term follow-up in first-grade children who attended preschool in a statewide public school program. The classrooms were observed to assess the quality of treatment. It was determined that children who attended classrooms that provided medium- to high-quality experiences outperformed those in poor-quality classrooms, as well as comparison children who …

Characterization Of Anti-Pichinde Virus Monoclonal Antibodies For The Directed Delivery Of Antiviral Drugs And Toxins, Noah Jefferson Burns Iii

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against Pichinde virus (PCV) were produced to evaluate their application as vehicles for the delivery of antiviral drugs or toxins to virus-infected cells. Four monoclonal antibodies, PC4.9A6, PC4.9D3, PC4.7C2, and PC4.8D3, were of the IgG2a subisotype and reacted with acetone-fixed and live PCV-infected Vero-76 cells. In vivo stained splenic macrophages derived from PCV-infected hamsters that had been injected with fluorescein-labeled PC4.9A6 (FITC9A6) demonstrated a 400% increase in total fluorescence over similarly treated, non-infected cells when analyzed by flow cytometry. This is an indication that FITC-9A6 does have some ability to specifically target PCV infected cells in …

Immunologic, Hematologic, And Endocrine Responses To Subacute And Subchronic Exposures To Graded, Subanesthetic Levels Of Nitrous Oxide In Cd-1 Mice, Charles E. Healy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) oxidizes vitamin B12. disrupting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Occupational exposures to subanesthetic levels of the gas have been documented that may result in suppressed proliferative cell activities. Male CD-I mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, and 5000 parts of N₂O per million parts of air (ppm) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 and 13 weeks. Splenic lymphocytes were assayed for responsiveness to mitogens and for the ability to produce interleukin-2 (lL-2) . Tritiated-thymidine ([³H]-TdR) uptake was measured in CD-I splenic lymphocytes cultured in a mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC). Cytolytic cell …

Change In Serum Iron As A Measure Of Bioavailability Of Dietary Iron, Mary Beth Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Methods currently used to determine iron bioavailability have disadvantages for both the subjects and researchers involved. One safe and simple method that needs further evaluation, the serum iron absorption method, involves an initial blood drawing, dosages of iron, and blood drawings taken at intervals thereafter. Generally, the rise in serum iron or area under the curve is used to determine iron uptake. Two experiments were conducted using the serum iron absorption method in an effort to improve the utility of this method for the measurement of iron bioavailability. With this effort in mind, an equation adjusting for dose of iron …

Chemical Evaluation And Biological Vitamin A Activity Of The Major Carotenoids In The Hybrid Carrot Beta Iii, Cynthia M. Schweitzer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Genetically enhanced high-carotene Beta III hybrid carrot was compared to a commercial carrot cultivar, Nantes Coreless, for carotene content and macronutrient composition. Beta III contained more than twice the total carotene content of Nantes Coreless, with α-carotene/β-carotene ratios higher in Beta III. Total solids from protein, lipids, and carbohydrate were greater in Beta III than in Nantes Coreless. Beta III contained about five times the amount of sucrose and one-fifth the amount of glucose and fructose than Nantes Coreless or reported literature values.

Comparison of the bioavailability of carotenes in Beta III and Nantes Coreless to purified β-carotene and retinyl …

A Quantitative Assessment Of Minerals Of Toxicological Importance In Utah Fast Foods, Lisa R. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

X-ray flourescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) measurements for manganese, iron, copper, and zinc were compared for 96 samples of 21 foods from different sources. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 for manganese, 0.99 for iron, 0.93 for copper, and 0.91 for zinc for XRF vs. AAS determinations.

Similiar comparisons were performed on 228 samples of fast foods purchased in Utah retail outlets. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 for copper to 0.97 for iron and zinc. Comparisons of values generated by XRF for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and aluminum to values certified by the National Bureau of Standards indicated …

Selenium And Iron In The Rat Intestine: Effects On Lipid Peroxidation, Sileny Vega

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Effects of Fe and Se status on GSHPx activity and lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal mucosa were studied. Rats were Se and Fe supplemented (+Se+Fe), Se-deficient and Fe-supplemented (-Se+Fe), Se supplemented and Fe overloaded (+Se++Fe) by intramuscular injection, or Se deficient and Fe overloaded (-Se++Fe) for 20d. Fe overloaded tissues had more Fe, but hemoglobin was unaffected. Liver and mucosal GSHPx activity was low in Se-deficient rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in Fe overloaded and -Se++Fe vs +Se++Fe tissues. Mucosal TBARS was higher in -Se++Fe rats gavaged with CBrCl₃. In experiment 2, Fe overload …

Psychosis In A Developmental Psychopathology Context: A Factor Analytic Study Of Schizophrenia In Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients, Paul R. Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Demographic, historical, psychometric, and clinical data were obtained from the psychiatric files of all patients manifesting schizophrenic symptomatology who were hospitalized in an adolescent psychiatric facility during a five year period (N= 71). Factor analysis of the usable data resulted in three interpretable factors, which included: (1) aggressive behavior; (2) disturbed family functioning; and, (3) thought disorder. Age of first hospitalization correlated positively with factor three.

The results provide support for concerns expressed by a number of scientists and clinicians that schizophrenia may not be a discrete, unitary disorder; and that uncritical downward extension of adult diagnoses to adolescents and …

The Reliability And Validity Of An Instrument Designed To Measure Attitudes Toward The Elderly, Jane Schultz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An attitude is a mental state that influences the way an individual responds to relevant objects and situations. Attitudes toward the elderly have a potential impact on all Americans, as the population is growing older. These attitudes constitute an important area of study because their nature is unclear and their impact extensive.

The Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (OP) was examined to establish reliability and validity estimates. A questionnaire, consisting of this scale and four others, was administered to a sample of adults. Factor analysis of the OP revealed two factors, which were somewhat ambiguous. Internal consistency estimates for …

The Ute Indians And The Public School System: A Historical Analysis, 1900-1985, Kim M. Gruenwald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis is a historical case study of the Ute Indians of eastern Utah. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how federal Indian education policy is implemented at the local level. Ute children attend school in the Uintah and Duchesne county school districts.

The thesis traces Ute experiences in public schools during crucial transitions in federal policy. From 1900 to 1930, the federal government sought to enroll Indians in public schools in order to teach them white ways. Indian enrollment increased in the 1940s and 1950s when federal funding made the attendance of Ute children lucrative to the …

Factors Affecting The Long-Term Market And Profit Potential Of The Utah Apple Industry, Jodie R. Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Utah apple industry is a small competitor in a major market. Efforts were made to analyze the long-term market and profitability potential of the industry. This study consisted of two parts, whole farm simulations and a consumer preference survey.

A whole-farm simulation model (FLIPSIM) was used to evaluate and test variations in price, debt load and sizes of Utah apple production units. These variations examined the effects of various possible market and financial conditions that producers could face given the current situation of the apple industry. FLIPSIM was used to demonstrate the stochastic nature of prices and yields of …

Utilization Of Poultry Waste (Composted Caged-Layer) As A Supplement For Sheep Fed Straw During Late Pregnancy, Raul Meneses R.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The utilization of composed caged-layer waste (CCLW) in diets for pregnant ewes fed cereal straw was evaluated. Five sheep were assigned to five diets containing, 0, 5.72, 11.37, 23.80, and 32.69% CCLW in a 5x5 Latin square design. Water intake, feed intake and feces output were measured. Feed and feces were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter, hemicellulose and minerals. Thus, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance could be calculated. Forty dry, pregnant ewes in the last third of generation were assigned to four dietary treatments contained 0, 11.25, 22.08 and …

An Estimation Of Primary Benefits Realized On Three Bureau Of Reclamation Projects, Steven D. C. Mcqueen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three Bureau of Reclamation projects, which represent a broad cross-section of the eleven total in Utah, are studied in order to shed light on the value of the invested resources to U.S. taxpayers, the people of Utah, and the local farmers.

The bureau's nonmultiple-purpose projects in Utah are termed "supplemental" as opposed to "full-service" because some amount of irrigation was already in place.

Recent findings from field trials of yield vs. evapotranspiration for major crops grown in the Western states were employed to assess the annual productive value of existing river water rights had the three projects not been built. …

Socio-Behavioral Correlates Of 6- To 11-Year-Old Offspring Of Alcohol Consuming Parents, Jan Garver Bacon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There is a lack of simple random sample based research into whether there are social skill and behavior problem differences for six- to eleven-year-old boys and girls which correlate with rates of parental alcohol consumption, social sequelae of parental alcohol consumption, reported level of marital conflict, and extended family history of alcoholism.

This simple random sample study correlates the above variables with T scores on the behavior problem and social competence scales of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and Child Behavior Checklist - Teacher's Report Form for six- to eleven-year-old children (N=100). Behavior problem scales include disorders of affect, thought, …

Mental Status And Functional Behavior In Male Geriatric Patients, Gregory Lee Mayer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It was the goal of this study to examine the ecological validity of a number of measures of mental status for geriatric individuals. Subjects were 40 alert, ambulatory male VA patients. Mental status instruments included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Vocabulary subtest of the WAIS-R. Measures of functional behavior included the Woodcock-Johnson Scales of Independent Behavior (SIB) and the Parachek Geriatric Behavior Rating Scale (PGBRS). Significant relationships were found between the MMSE and the SIB, between the WMS and the SIB, and between the WMS and the PGBRS. It was found that estimation …

Obesity Management: A Meta-Analysis Of Key Factors, David E. Christian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Obesity is a prevalent and refractory disorder. This study consisted of a meta-analysis of research focusing on diet and exercise treatments and their impact on obesity related measures. Only studies that report data for periods of 6 months or more after treatment onset were included. Forty-four studies were analyzed. These were drawn from 16 previous reviews of the literature as well as several computer data bases.

Following are some of the tentative conclusions drawn: (a) diets consisting of improved nutritional quality yield superior results to restricted calorie diets; (b) flexible, self-directed exercise yields better results than more regimented exercise; (c) …

Reducing Stress Of Inservice Teachers, Jeffrey R. Curley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A prototype treatment developed to significantly reduce symptoms of stress among inservice teachers was tested in this experiment. Thirty participants selected for high stress levels were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. They were assessed on environmental, personality, and emotional variables, using self-report and expert-judge measures, both pre- and posttreatment. The experimental treatment was holistic, incorporating all processes previously found to be related to reducing teacher stress. At posttreatment, the treatment group averaged 1.02 standard deviations lower on the stress measures than the control group. Significant differences in the posttest means, favoring the experimental group, were found for 23 …

The Effects Of Diary Writing Support Groups On Women's Depression, Self-Acceptance And Well-Being, Linda Elaine Barnes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether learning specific writing techniques and discussing them in a small group is more beneficial to women than writing a journal using self-taught techniques, or not writing at all.

Instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory and the California Personality Inventory (Self-Acceptance and Well-Being scales).

The literature review covers four general areas: a brief discussion of the impact of contemporary feminism on traditional therapy; an examination of feminist therapy, specifically its advocacy of consciousness-raising groups as a therapy alternative; women's self-reports on diary or journal writing; and information on modern non-literary journal uses including …

The Involvement And Relationship Of Ferritin And Ceruloplasmin In Oxygen Radical Toxicities, David Wilson Reif

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The intent of this dissertation is to demonstrate that ferritin iron may be involved in alloxan, diquat, and radiation-dependent damage and that ceruloplasmin may afford protection by limiting the availability of ferritin iron. Initial studies demonstrated that the alloxan radical formed by glutathione-dependent reduction of alloxan reductively mobilized ferritin iron and the released iron catalyzed lipid peroxidation. SOD and catalase were without effect, whereas ceruloplasmin effectively inhibited both iron release and lipid peroxidation. Using ¹³⁷Cs gamma-radiation it was demonstrated that radiolytically generated superoxide released iron from ferritin with an efficiency of 67%. Lipid peroxidation strictly required both superoxide and …

Cornerstone For Growth: How Minorities Are Vital To The Future Of Newspapers, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

A comprehensive newspaper industry report on minority demographics recommends that American newspapers turn to minority readers, employees and advertisers to improve readership rates and stimulate stagnant circulation growth.

Kerner Plus 20: Minority News Coverage In The Columbus Dispatch – Acomparative Content Study, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

An examination of news content about minorities in the Columbus Dispatch finds little change in amount of coverage between 1965 - three years before the Kerner Commission Report - and 1987 but some improvement in the kind and tone of minority coverage.

Utah Science Vol. 50 No. 1, Spring 1989

Utah Science

2 FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH R. G. Hansen An overview of some issues concerning diet and health.

6 PATTERNS OF FAT AND CHOLESTEROL CONSUMPTION OF AMERICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN C. T. Windham Classifying people according to their eating habits will improve nutritional recommendations.

13 HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION: A NUTRITIONAL SCORECARD N. B. Schvaneveldt For almost a decade, federal agencies have sought to help Americans prevent disease by improving nutrition. Some of the objectives have been met

18 ADEQUATE NUTRITION: AN EDGE FOR THE COLLEGIATE GYMNAST K. A. Gabel An educational program helps USU gymnasts eat and perform well. …

Agricultural Pesticide Hazard To Groundwater In Utah, Hubert Eisele, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Terry T. Tindall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the Utah Department of Agriculture and the following offices at Utah State University. The Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, the International Irrigation Center, the Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, the Department of Soil Science and Biometerology, and the University Extension Services.

Solution-Mediated Transformation Of Octacalcium Phosphate (Ocp) To Apatite, R. Z. Legeros, G. Daculsi, I. Orly, T. Abergas, W. Torres

Scanning Microscopy

OCP crystals were hydrolyzed in solutions containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HPO₄^2-, CO₃^2-, F^-, citrate or P₂O₇ ions. Products of hydrolysis were analyzed using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction.

Results demonstrated that the OCP to Apatite (AP) transformation is influenced by: (1) types of ions in solution: inhibited by Mg²⁺, citrate or P₂O₇^4-; facilitated by F^-, CO₃^2-, HPO₄^2- or Ca²⁺ ions; (2) ionic concentrations; (3) …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Mammalian Salivary Glands, Godfried M. Roomans, R. Margareta Müller, Samuel Sagström, Gun-Britt Sagulin, Susan M. Scarlett, Joanna Wroblewski, Maria Albertsson

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of major salivary glands in rat and man. The elemental composition of the acinar cells is influenced by a variety of factors. Stimulation of fluid secretion by cholinergic, α-adrenergic or peptidergic agonists leads to a sustained increase of the Na/K ratio. The elemental composition and ultrastructure of the acinar cells of rat submandibular gland, as well as flow rate and composition of pilocarpinestimulated submandibular saliva are significantly affected by thyroxine, but less by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Hypercalcemia (induced by chronic vitamin D treatment) as well as hypocalcemia (induced by calcitonin) …

Analyses Of Dental Pulp In Restored Teeth, D. L. Lentz, J. T. Buchanan, D. R. Basinger

Scanning Microscopy

Restored teeth were extracted from test animals at four time intervals (1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 3 months) following amalgam insertion. Extracted teeth were frozen in liquid nitrogen, cryo-fractured so as to expose the pulps and then freeze-dried. Pulps were analyzed for mercury content by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury levels appeared below the detection limits of EDS but could be detected by AAS which showed the highest readings seven days after amalgam insertion.

The Response Phase - The First Six Hours After Acute Airway Injury By So2 Inhalation: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study, W. C. Hulbert, S. F. P. Man, M. K. Rosychuk, G. Braybrook, J. G. Mehta

Scanning Microscopy

We have identified an airway epithelial response following acute injury that cannot be termed 'repair' or regeneration. It precedes these well characterized events and it is termed the 'response phase'. We tested the hypothesis that for the first 6 h following acute injury to the tracheal mucosa, the initial cellular events of the response phase will continue as in vivo even if the tissue is maintained in vitro in an Ussing chamber. The tracheal mucosa of anesthetized, intubated mongrel dogs was injured by the inhalation of SO₂ 500 ppm for 1 h (7 dogs); controls (3 dogs) breathed filtered, …

Mechanism Of Hydrolysis Of Octacalcium Phosphate, B. B. Tomazic, M. S. Tung, T. M. Gregory, W. E. Brown

Scanning Microscopy

The chemical and structural properties of hydrolyzed octacalcium phosphate (OCP) appear to be of high relevance to tooth, bone and pathological bioapatites. Hydrolysis of synthetic well-crystallized OCP was studied at constant pH by using the pH stat method over the 6.1 to 8.6 range at 50°C and to a lesser extent at 37°C. Hydrolytic transformation proceeds according to thermodynamic requirements except for some retardation at the highest pH value as a consequence of decreased solubility of OCP which may be rate determining. The product of hydrolysis, OCP-hydrolyzate (OCPH), was characterized by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, electron microprobe …

Soluble And Insoluble Dietary Fiber In Cooked Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Seeds, Joe S. Hughes, Barry G. Swanson

Food Structure

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) requires cooking for extended periods of time prior to consumption. In this investigation both quantitative and microstructural changes in common bean dietary fiber as a result of cooking were examined. Cooking resulted in a slight decrease in soluble dietary fiber and a marked increase in insoluble dietary fiber. The increase in insoluble dietary fiber was responsible for a 15 -30 percent increase in total dietary fiber.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of uncooked and cooked bean flours and the insoluble and soluble dietary fiber fractions of these two fl ours. In …