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Utah Water Quality- Utah Ground Water, Howard Deer, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill

All Archived Publications

Ground water is important to the economic and physical well-being of the people of Utah. About 95% of Utah's fresh water is ground water. It provides more than 70% of the state's drinking water and is a major source of water for agriculture and irrigation.

Assessing Pesticide Contamination To Groundwater: A Rapid Approach, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta, Hubert Eisele, Howard M. Deer, Terry Tindall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A methodology has been developed for identifying hazardous pesticides/site combinations threatening ground-water contamination. Screening methodologies are required to determine which locations and pesticides now in use should receive the greatest attention to safeguard the public health. The presented method uses a hazard to ground-water hydrogeological screening model (DRASTIC) and employs a one-dimensional pesticide transport model ( CMLS). The method is an efficient and practical technique to identify where particular combinations of pesticides, water management practices, soils, and geology result in the greatest potential hazard to ground-water contamination. Use of the presented approach can reduce sampling needs and expense.

Studies Related To Nutrients Entering Groundwater From The Heber Valley Sewer Farm And Dairies, Roland W. Jeppson, Joan Mclean, Calvin G. Clyde, Scott Korom

Reports

Foreword: This report includes the results from a two year study in the Heber Valley to determine amounts of nutrients that are entering the groundwaters of the Heber Valley, and might ultimately enter Deer Creek Reservoir. Since Deer Creek Reservoir in Heber Valley, Utah supplies approximately 65 percent of the water distributed to Salt Lake County, the maintenance of its quality is of considerable importance. To maintain the quality of this reservoir and limit its eutrophication "best management" practices for surface water have been implemented gradually during the past decade in Heber Valley. These practices have significantly improved the qualities …

Innervation And Vascular Pharmacodynamics Of The Mouse Spleen, Frank D. Reilly

Scanning Microscopy

Neurohistochemical and in vivo and electron microscopic methods demonstrated α-and ,β-adrenergic receptors and adrenergic innervation in arterioles and "arterial" capillaries of the mouse spleen. Such innervation and receptors in venules and channels within the red pulp were sparse. Cholinergic innervation and receptors were judged to be absent in the microvasculature. Histamine elicited arteriolar dilation which was blocked by metiamide suggesting the presence of H₂ receptors. However , following blockade of H₂ receptors, histamine produced arteriolar constriction. Serotonin elicited only venular constriction. Lactic acid caused arteriolar constriction; bradykinin and prostaglandins (PG) E₂ and PGF_2α triggered arteriolar constriction, …

Development And Use Of A Pneumoconiosis Database Of Human Pulmonary Inorganic Particulate Burden In Over 400 Lungs, Jerrold L. Abraham, Bryan R. Burnett, Andrew Hunt

Scanning Microscopy

Over 400 cases with data from in situ electron microprobe quantitation of non-fibrous inorganic particles (e.g., silica, alumino-silicates, talc, metals) in pulmonary tissue sections, and data from quantitative digestion analyses for fiber content (e.g., asbestos, silica, alumino-silicates, man-made fibers, talc) comprise an extensive microcomputer data set of lung particle burden. When allied with demographic and histopathologic information the result is a comprehensive database of occupational pulmonary pathology. Examples of the kinds of information which can be extracted from the database include: 1) summary information on the types sizes and associations of particles in lungs with a variety of exposures, 2) …

Ultrastructural Effects Of Ionizing Radiation On Plant Cells, Á. Keresztes, E. Kovács

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural effects of ionizing irradiation were investigated on the specific constituents of plant cells, primarily in fruits, with reference to mushroom cells and comparable data in the literature. In the cell wall the dissolution of the middle lamellae, probably due to radiation damage of pectin, and irregular thickenings were found. In the vacuole the quantity of inclusions changed, or unusual aggregations appeared, presumably in connection with altered phenolic biosynthesis . In chloroplasts the senescence was inhibited, and dedifferentiation occurred into agranal state. In amyloplasts starch hydrolysis was hind ere d. These platidial effects are considered as visible signs of inhibition …

The Role Of Polar Pili In The Adherence Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa To Injured Canine Tracheal Cells: A Semiquantitative Morphologic Study, D. E. Zoutman, W. C. Hulbert, B. L. Pasloske, A. M. Joffe, K. Volpel, M. K. Trebilcock, W. Paranchych

Scanning Microscopy

Pseudomonas aeruginosa adheres to respiratory epithelial cells in a highly specific fashion. In order to study the role of P. aeruginosa polar pili in the adherence process we conducted a quantitative morphological electron microscopic examination of P. aeruginosa adherence to SO₂ injured canine tracheal cells in vitro. A pilin lacking background strain of P. aeruginosa PAK (BLP2) was constructed using a gene replacement and it in turn was engineered to express either the pilin gene of P. aeruginosa PAO, PAK , or no pilin gene . After 30 minutes incubation of these bacterial strains with injured canine tracheal …

Aids: Implications To Society And Approaches To Control, Robert W. Sidwell

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is perhaps a measure of today's society that a new disease of potentially world-wide implication does not gain national or international attention until a famous person contracts it. This was particularly seen with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) when it became known that Rock Hudson of movie and TV acclaim was dying of it. By the time the celebrated pianist and entertainer Liberace died of AIDS, the various public health agencies around the world had begun to focus on the problem, and enormous sums of money were being committed toward its control. Today, more U.s. dollars are budgeted for AIDS …

Lung Particulate Burdens Of Subjects From The Cincinnati, Ohio Urban Area, L. E. Stettler, S. F. Platek, R. D. Riley, J. P. Mastin, S. D. Simon

Scanning Microscopy

Because of the relatively small data base existing for lung particulate burdens of subjects with no overt pneumoconioses, the total exogenous lung particulate concentrations of 91 subjects from the Cincinnati, Ohio urban area were determined using an automated scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray analysis-image analysis system. Four of these subjects were foundry workers and had the highest exogenous particle concentrations seen in the 91 lungs, ranging from 1860 to 2990 x 10⁶ particles per gram of dry lung (ppg). The average exogenous particle concentration for the remaining 87 subjects was 476 ± 380 x 10⁶ ppg with a …

Microcirculatory Pathways And Blood Flow In Spleen: New Insights From Washout Kinetics, Corrosion Casts, And Quantitative Intravital Videomicroscopy, A. C. Groom, E. E. Schmidt, I. C. Macdonald

Scanning Microscopy

The dynamics of splenic microcirculatory blood flow and the role of the spleen with respect to red blood cells (RBCs) have been elucidated by means of several different experimental approaches. First, the organ was treated as a 'black box' and input/output relationships were studied, such as the kinetics of RBC and plasma washout during Ringer perfusion. Second, micro-corrosion casts were prepared from minimal amounts of injected material, such that 'fast' pathways for flow were selectively identified. Third, high-resolution video-microscopy was carried out in rat and mouse spleens transilluminated in vivo, with subsequent quantitative analysis of the data. New insights were …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis Of Mineral Fiber Content Of Lung Tissue In The Evaluation Of Diffuse Pulmonary Fibrosis, Victor L. Roggli

Scanning Microscopy

The mineral fiber content of lung parenchyma in 24 cases of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis of unknown cause was determined by scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of 36 autopsy cases of histologically confirmed asbestosis and 20 autopsy cases of patients with normal lungs . Fibers were isolated from the lung using a hypochlorite digestion technique and collected on the surface of a polycarbonate filter. In addition, the types of fibers present (asbestos vs. other mineral fibers) were determined by energy dispersive x - ray analysis (EDXA). When the histologic grade of fibrosis in the cases of asbestosis was compared …

High Energy Proton Induced X-Ray Emission And Its Applications, J. S. C. Mckee, G. R. Smith, A. A. Mirzai, M. S. Mathur, N. M. Halden, C. Pinsky, R. Bose

Scanning Microscopy

High energy protons of energies between 30 and 60 MeV are particularly valuable in particle induced X-ray analysis of elements in the rare earth region and above. Transmission samples of thickness up to 100 μm can be used, and damage to both biological and mineral samples is minimal. Detection limits are estimated, and the use of Fourier transformation techniques in the analysis of data is discussed in some detail. The quality of the raw data from mineralogical and biological experiments is such as to permit immediate identification of all elements above Germanium present at the part per million level or …

Utah Science Vol. 51 No. 3, Fall 1990

Utah Science

96 Shouting from the Rooftop and Lo king under the Table

100 Food Fear That Fizzled

104 When You and Microbes Share the Same Food: How to Prevent Foodborne Illnesses

106 Bacteria 1, Director 0

109 Research in Brief

113 “Natural Isn’t Necessarily Nontoxic

116 Clarifying the Risk of Pesticide Residues

119 Taking Step for Safe Food

120 Home Canning: Do it Safely

121 Tip for Handling Meat and Poultry

124 Food Substitute Pose Nutritional Concerns

125 National Research Council Dietary and Health Recommendations

127 Tests Guarantee Milk’S Safety

128 No Compromises when Safety is Involved

Backscattered Electron Imaging And Windowless Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis: A New Technique For Gallstone Analysis, H. S. Kaufman, K. D. Lillemoe, T. H. Magnuson, P. Frasca, H. A. Pitt

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy with or without conventional energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis is currently used to identify gallstone microstructure and inorganic composition. Organic calcium salts are among many biliary constituents thought to have a role in gallstone nidation and growth. However, current analytical techniques which identify these salts are destructive and compromise gallstone microstructural data. We have developed a new technique for gallstone analysis which provides simultaneous structural and compositional identification of calcium salts within gallstones. Backscattered electron imaging is used to localize calcium within cholesterol at minimum concentrations of 0.01%. Windowless energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis produces elemental spectra of gallstone …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Quantitative Study Of Changes With Age In Closing Pattern Of Openings Of Dentinal Tubules On Worn Occlusal Surfaces Of Japanese Permanent Mandibular Incisors, Teruyuki Hojo

Scanning Microscopy

Age-related changes in the closing of dentinal tubules of Japanese permanent mandibular incisors were surveyed using a non-destructive replication technique suitable for SEM analysis at the magnifications of up to X3,000. The areas of openings of dentinal tubules on occlusal surfaces decreased significantly between a 20-39-year age group and a 40+ age group, but the number of the openings tended to decrease. Heavy toothwear on occlusal surfaces of these Japanese permanent incisors was evident even at 27 years of age. A subject or 30 years of age showed surprisingly small number of the opening of dentinal tubules on occlusal surface. …

A Ranking Of Critical Issues Facing American Families, Glen O. Jenson Ph.D, Ted W. Warstadt

All Archived Publications

In April 1990 a documented list of 33 Critical Issues Facing American Families was sent to a nationwide sample of 1,23 I persons. This list identified and briefly overviewed various social concerns which effect the family as an institution. The sample was selected by State Extension Specialists serving the needs of families. Each specialist was asked to identify 20 people from their state. The sample included persons who were professional staff working for Extension, University teachers/researchers in a family-related discipline, public school educators, and other persons who had and had not used Extension Services in the recent past.

A Flexible Object Oriented Spacecraft Operating System (Fos), Dave Ladouceur

Small Satellite Conference

Satellite Operating Software has traditionally been highly specialized custom software which operates one satellite according to deterministic rules. Software changes are usually accomplished with a complete reload from the ground, and performing patches require explicit knowledge of memory maps, variable locations, etc. and can often result in long term satellite down times. As computer, sensor and communication technology increases, more and more of the computing, routing and decision functions of small satellite systems are occurring onboard, and a need exists for adaptable flexible software. The object oriented approach to satellite operating systems provides a malleable system, resilient to failure, distributable …

"Lone Star," A Small Communication Satellite For Texas, J.P. Andrews, N. Eaker, J.D. King

Small Satellite Conference

The Texas State Legislature has passed a bill recommending that the state examine the feasibility of developing a "home grown" satellite for communications applications. Such a satellite would be built in Texas by a state, industry and university consortium with the intent that it be launched by a Texas built launch vehicle. This paper reports on a quick look design and trade-off study that was performed to determine the characteristics and possible configurations that such a small satellite system would have. The communications link budget is discussed and used to define the communications payload that would be carried by the …

Space Qualification Proceeds On The Common Data Link Program, Major Curt Osterheld, Doug Bowen, Susan Opp

Small Satellite Conference

A modular Communication, Command, and Control (C3) architecture has been developed for use in a variety of Department of Defense (DoD) applications by the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force/Defense Support Project Office (OSAF/DSPO). The C3 architecture is implemented under the direction of the SAF/DSPO's Common Data Links Program Office using government defined and controlled common modules. This set of common modules is now being qualified for space applications. The family of common modules provide the building block to satisfy a wide range of unique operational requirements while achieving commonality, tri-service interoperability, multi-system connectivity, and a flexible baseline …

Field Command Of A Tactical Satellite System, Ron Turner, Stephen Hopkins

Small Satellite Conference

One way to ensure tactical satellite systems remain fully responsive to a field commander's needs would be to place all command and control aspects of the system under direct field control. This paper presents the results of a study to evaluate the feasibility of field command of a notional tactical imaging satellite system. The study indicates that such a system is feasible. A satellite constellation can be designed to provide the field commander with significant, timely, tactical data. The hardware is available, or will be within the near term, that enables field command and control facilities manned by a team …

Pegsat - First Pegasus Payload, Robert Pincus, Jack Pownell, James Rast

Small Satellite Conference

Pegsat was designed, built and tested in slightly more than 6 months to meet the planned launch date for the first launch of the Pegasus vehicle. The primary objective of this multifunction spacecraft was to obtain environmental data from the Pegasus vehicle for use in designing future satellite busses. Taking full advantage of the opportunity, Pegsat also deployed a small Navy experimental satellite, and conducted scientific experiments over Northern Canada in support of the upcoming CRRES mission.

Reserves: A Responsive, Multi-Mission Tactical Satellite Architecture, Jack Farrell

Small Satellite Conference

This paper summarizes the 1st phase of the Responsive Replacement Vehicles, RESERVES, study performed by the McDonnell Douglas Electronic Systems Company (MDESC) for the Air Force Space Systems Division/DCS Development Planning (SSD/XRP). This summary comprises the results of a comprehensive analysis of responsive satellite system requirements, complete architectural design, and operational concepts.

Autonomous Surveillance Satellite, Gary Grisbeck, John Doleman, Robert Reed

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes the potential to enhance the performance and reliability of small satellites by using increased levels of digital processing on-board the spacecraft. It describes an architecture, developed by Control Data, that will satisfy its users' needs and provide mechanisms for high reliability. The term "SMARTSAT" means a small satellite that has significant "smarts" (processing capability) on-board.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy And Spectroscopy Of Plasmid Dna, D. P. Allison, J. R. Thompson, K. Bruce Jacobson, R. J. Warmack, T. L. Ferrell

Scanning Microscopy

We present scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of uncoated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemically mounted on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and imaged in air. Images of linear abnormalities inherent to HOPG surfaces that can be confused with DNA are also presented. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic (STS) images generated by superimposing a small, high frequency ac bias onto the de tunnel bias and recording the ac current signal were taken simultaneously with the topographic images. These spectroscopic images reveal contrast due to local conductivity variations and can be used to differentiate DNA molecules from graphite artifacts.

Imaging Single-Stranded Dna, Antigen-Antibody Reaction And Polymerized Langmuir-Blodgett Films With An Atomic Force Microscope, A. L. Weisenhorn, H. E. Gaub, H. G. Hansma, R. L. Sinsheimer, G. L. Kelderman, P. K. Hansma

Scanning Microscopy

The combination of an (AFM) atomic force microscope together with microfabricated cantilevers that have integrated tips opens many possibilities for imaging systems of great importance in biology. We have imaged single-stranded 25mer DNA that was adsorbed on treated mica or that was covalently bound with a crosslinker to a polymerized Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film, the top monolayer of a bilayer system. At low magnification the AFM shows cracks between solid domains, like in an image taken with a fluorescence microscope. At higher magnification, however, the AFM reveals much finer cracks and at still higher magnification it reveals rows of individual molecules …

Morphological Abnormalities In Vitamin B6 Deficient Tarsometatarsal Chick Cartilage, P. G. Masse, V. E. Colombo, F. Gerber, D. S. Howell, H. Weiser

Scanning Microscopy

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that deficiency of vitamin B₆ would produce morphological characteristics of osteochondral lathyrism. To accomplish this goal, morphological characteristics of chick cartilage in which lathyrism was produced by two separate dietary regimens was compared to morphological changes encountered in vitamin B₆ deficiency. Vitamin B₆ deficiency should reduce activity of lysyloxidase needed for producing intermolecular cross-links. The question to be addressed was: would this latter deficiency impair collagen morphological features and secondarily other structures indirectly by reducing collagen molecular assembly? Failure of cross-linking of collagen in the positive controls …

The Physical State Of Potassium Ion In The Living Cell, G. N. Ling

Scanning Microscopy

This review summarizes more than 30 years of experimental testing (and confirmation) of a key postulate of the association-induction (AI) hypothesis: most K⁺ ions in resting cells are adsorbed on 𝛃-and 𝛄-carboxyl group of cell proteins in a close-contact one ion-one site manner. Failure of healthy, cytoplasm-free, squid axon-membrane sacs to selectively accumulate K⁺ over Na⁺ and success of muscle cells without a functional cell membrane (and postulated pumps) to achieve the same, point to the cytoplasm as the seat of selective K⁺ accumulation. Four independent techniques unanimously confirmed the predicted localization in striated muscle cells, …

Superfund Record Of Decision: Monticello Mill Tailings (Doe), Ut First Remedial Action, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office Of Emergency And Remedial Response

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 300-acre Monticello Mill Tailings site is comprised of a 7S-acre inactive uranium and vanadium milling operation and affected peripheral properties in Monticello, San Juan County, Utah. Surrounding land use is rural residential and agricultural. The site overlies a shallow alluvial aquifer, and part of the site lies within the floodplain of Montezuma Creek. Approximately IS-acres of wetlands adjacent to Montezuma Creek also have been contaminated by tailings. In 1940, the site was operated as a vanadium ore-buying station. Milling of ore began in 1942, and a vanadium/uranium sludge product was produced onsite from 1943 to 1944. Onsite uranium milling …

Microbial Colonization In Human Periodontal Disease: An Illustrated Tutorial On Selected Ultrastructural And Ecologic Considerations, Charles M. Cobb, William J. Killoy

Scanning Microscopy

The oral cavity is populated by a prodigious microbial flora that exhibits a unique successional colonization of enamel and subgingival root surfaces. A wide range of oral sites provide different ecologic conditions and are, therefore, populated by different commensal microbial combinations. The sequence of microbial colonization, regardless of location within the oral cavity, commences with the acquisition of salivary and/or crevicular fluid-derived pellicle.

As the process of successional colonization of the gingival crevice area proceeds uninterrupted, achieving critical mass between 10 and 21 days, gingivitis becomes evident at a clinical level. However, at a histologic level, gingivitis may be evident …

Radiation Cataractogenesis Induced By Neutron Or Gamma Irradiation In The Rat Lens Is Reduced By Vitamin E, W. M. Ross, M. O. Creighton, J. R. Trevithick

Scanning Microscopy

Although cataract of the eye lens is a known late effect of ionizing radiation exposure, most of the experimental work to date has concentrated on single, acute high doses or multiple, fractionated, chronic exposures. Many papers have dealt with biochemical alterations in metabolism and cellular components, with microscopic and electron microscopic lesions to the epithelial and cortical layers, and with clinical cataract formation. However, the minimum cataractogenic dose for rats has for many years been considered to be about 2 Gy for a single, acute dose of low LET radiation.

Our purpose in designing this pilot study was three fold: …