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Restricted Energy Transfer In Laser Desorption Of High Molecular Weight Biomolecules, Akos Vertes, Renaat Gijbels

Scanning Microscopy

Producing ions from large molecules is of distinguished importance in mass spectrometry. In our present study we survey different laser desorption methods in view of their virtues and drawbacks in volatilization and ion generation. Laser induced thermal desorption and matrix assisted laser desorption are assessed with special emphasis to the recent breakthrough in the field (m/z > 100,000 ions produced by matrix assisted laser desorption). Efforts to understand and describe laser desorption and ionization are also reported. We emphasize the role of restricted energy transfer pathways as a possible explanation to the volatilization of non-degraded large molecules.

Comparison Of The Laryngeal Behavior Of A Young Stutterer Before And After Fluency Treatment, Trista Farmer

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Stuttering is one of the most complex of all speech and language disorders (Caruso, Conture, & Colton, 1988). Understanding of its etiology and treatment is vague, yet growing. Much research is needed in the area of disfluency to increase our knowledge of the disorder and to provide a clearer picture of how to improve therapeutic intervention. Routine evaluation of disfluency typically includes the assessment of stuttering frequency and rate. However, as stated by Ingham (1984), the minimum evaluation data collected (fluency and rate) should be supplemented by the assessment of a number of additional aspects of speech quality (Ingham, 1984, …

Comparison Of Laryngographic Waveforms Of An Adult And Child, Elaine Hicken

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The ability to accurately identify and differentially diagnose voice disorders is an important concern for the speech-language pathologist. This need has resulted in the development of methods which focus on identifying "objective, reliable, valid procedures for assessing voice disorders" (Costello, 1985). Several methods that allow direct observation of the laryngeal mechanism are invasive and time consuming. A method that is noninvasive and that provides valuable information about the vocal fold movement pattern is needed for clinical use.

Blaming The Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers As Public Enemy No. 1, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

The 1,328 newspaper journalists responding to a national study place "inept managers" atop a list of reasons they think the industry is losing talent. "Bad managers have disillusioned more journalists than I can count," one reporter said, "and I don't see the industry doing anything about it."

Utah Science Vol. 52 No. 1, Spring 1991

Utah Science

4 Reduce Leaching to Save Water

5 Learning about Leaching

6 Sego Lily Propagated as Ornamental Plant

7 Utah's Guru of Gardening

8 Keep Gardening Records

9 New Hy: New Saline-Tolerant Grass Hybrid Produces High-Quality Forage

9 Experiment Station Tests New Sweet Cherries

10 Encouraging Landscapes that Thrive on Less Water

12 Breeding Small Grains: First You Combine Genes, Then You Unravel Them

13 Three of the Best

14 Additional Nitrogen May Boost Alfalfa Yields

14 Tests Help Duplicate the Friendly Environment of a Seed

15 Getting Closer to Hybrid Wheat

16 Weed Threatens National Forest

17 Research in Brief …

Ultrastructure Of Coronary Arterial Endothelium In Atherosclerotic Swine Suggests Lipid Retro-Endocytosis, Keith A. Robinson, Robert P. Apkarian

Scanning Microscopy

During experimental atherosclerosis, arterial endothelial cells show characteristic ultrastructural changes including the appearance of increased numbers of plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic vesicles. These structures have been shown by tracer studies to participate in the transcellular transport of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and β-very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the arterial lumen into the abluminal extracellular matrix. Although this probably represents the major lipid transport pathway, other forms of transport may exist. We document the presence of apparent lipid structures averaging approximately 300 nm in diameter at or near the luminal surface of coronary arterial endothelium of atherosclerotic miniature swine. The structures exhibited a particulate …

Three-Dimensional Morphology Of Cerebellar Protoplasmic Islands And Proteoglycan Content Of Mossy Fiber Glomerulus: A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscope Study, O. J. Castejón, H. V. Castejón

Scanning Microscopy

The present review summarizes the outer and inner surface features of mossy fiber glomeruli in vertebrate cerebellar granular layer as seen by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM freeze-fracture method. The intracortical trajectory of mossy fibers and their synaptic contacts with granule cell dendrites were traced by the slicing and freeze-fracture techniques revealing the radial distribution of granule cell dendrites around the central mossy rosette. The "en passant" nature of mossy fiber synaptic contacts and the participation of Golgi cell axonal ramifications were demonstrated. The results obtained were compared with available light and transmission electron microscopy data. The freeze-etching …

Alpha-Particle Irradiation-Induced Change In Bronchopulmonary Macrophage Morphology, In Vitro, T. M. Seed, G. K. Niiro

Scanning Microscopy

Bronchopulmonary macrophages, isolated from canine lungs by saline lavage and grown in tissue culture for short periods, were acutely irradiated with a range of doses of either Americium-241 alpha particles (0.03-48 Gy) or 250 keV x-rays (0.5-24 Gy). Following a 24-hour reincubation and "expression" period, cells were examined for radiation-induced changes in overall viability, as well as in cell morphology and ultrastructure. Results indicated that neither quality of radiation had much effect on cell viability over dose ranges examined, but substantial changes in cell volume, surface topography, and cytoplasmic features were noted, especially in the alpha-particle-irradiated specimens. Results support the …

Transplacental Cardiotoxicity Of Cocaine: Atrial Damage Following Treatment In Early Pregnancy, Jacques Gilloteaux, John P. Dalbec

Scanning Microscopy

Using light, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, cocaine-induced defects were observed in hamster atria. Compared with controls, the treated atria from neonates show endocardial and myocardial damages as the atrial walls thicken. SEM micrographs show intensive blebbing, damage and incomplete coverage of myocardium by the endocardial endothelium. TEM data demonstrate blebs, thinning, and other endothelial cell injuries and complement the SEM findings. Areas of endothelial sloughing may facilitate the formation of luminal and mural thrombi as noticed in many neonatal atria. Adjacent subendocardial myocardial cells display contraction bands, swellings, and vacuolizations. Local and large areas of damaged myocardial …

Effects Of Low Energy Beta-Irradiation From Tritiated Water On The Morphology Of 3t3 Fibroblasts, Z. Somosy, Tamara Kubasova, J. Kovács, G. J. Köteles

Scanning Microscopy

Cellular alterations of cultured 3T3 cells irradiated with beta-rays from tritiated water were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We observed decreased negative surface charges, vacuolization of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-complex, degeneration of mitochondria, increase of lysosomal activity and changes in distribution and amount of microfilaments in the irradiated cells, that parallelled changes in cell shape.

Structures And Properties Of Stabilized Vitamin And Carotenoid Dry Powders, Victor E. Colombo, Francoise Gerber

Food Structure

The development of special formulated forms of vitamin and carotenoid dry powders solved most of the technical problems encountered in handling the original pure crystalline or oily compounds. Various procedures to obtain stabilized products have been introduced on an industrial scale for feed , food and pharmaceutical purposes. Proven modes of manufacture of formulated dry powders includes the numerous spraying processes for emulsions, dispersions or solutions, and the production of adsorbates of fat-based products.

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of stabilized vitamin and carotenoid dry powders. This contribution is intended to demonstrate the usefulness of …

Analysis Of Protein Adsorption On Retrieved Human Vascular Grafts Using Immunogold Labelling With Silver Enhancement, N. P. Ziats, N. S. Topham, D. A. Pankowsky, J. M. Anderson

Cells and Materials

The adsorption of proteins on biomedical materials such as vascular grafts is important in modulating thrombosis, one eventual cause of vascular graft failure. We have identified proteins expressed on the surfaces of retrieved vascular grafts to determine if certain proteins were present at the end stage of vascular failure. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of protein adsorption on the surfaces of retrieved vascular prostheses was determined using antibodies to human blood proteins fibrinogen, fibronectin, Hageman factor (factor XII) and factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor. The detection of these proteins on the blood contacting surface was evaluated by immunogold labelling with protein A-gold …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of The Fractured Surfaces Of Canine Calculi From Substrata With Different Surface Free Energy, H. M. W. Uyen, W. L. Jongebloed, H. J. Busscher

Cells and Materials

The strength of adhesion between dental calculus and enamel or dentin surfaces determines the ease with which the calculus can be removed by brushing or professional dental treatment. In this study, we examined the adhesion of canine calculi formed on substrata with different surface free energies (sfe) and roughness by means of scanning electron microscopy. In 4 beagle dogs fenestrated crowns were made on the upper fourth premolars. Subsequently, facings of glass (sfe = 120 mJ. m-2), bovine enamel (sfe = 85 mJ.m-2), bovine dentin (sfe = 92 mJ.m-2), polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA, sfe = 56 mJ.m-2) and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, sfe = …

Polylysine Stimulation Of Ectopic Cartilage Formation, Rocky S. Tuan, Dina M. Turchi, David S. Kreitzer

Cells and Materials

Cartilage development, or chondrogenesis, is a process which involves the condensation of prechondrogenic mesenchymal cells, followed by the expression of the cartilage phenotype characterized by the biosynthesis of cartilage-specific, extracellular matrix components. We have previously shown that the cationic biopolymer, polylysine (PL), is able to stimulate chondrogenesis by embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro. In this study, we have evaluated the chondrogenesis-stimulating activity of PL in vivo using an experimental system consisting of chick embryonic muscle explants, which were grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos maintained in long-term shell-less culture. The muscle grafts were treated with PL …

Fracture Toughness And Fractography Of Dental Ceramics, H. J. Mueller

Cells and Materials

Chevron-notch short-rod fracture toughness (KIv) and scanning electron microscopy analyses of leucite-, tetrasilicic fluormica-, and alumina- reinforced dental ceramics and control materials were investigated. Short-rod fracture toughness is a measure of the bulk resistance to crack propagation but not of the surface resistance to crack initiation. Results indicated significant differences in KIv among the following six groups (from lowest to highest (a) Dicor and Optec, (b) Optec, Excelco's Incisal, Macor and Excelco's Gingival, (c) Excelco's Brush-O-Paque, (d) Vitadur-N core, (e) Coming's 9606 glass-ceramic, and (t) Vita Hi Ceram. Good agreement occurred with published data for Macor and 9606. Comparisons of …

A Comparative Study Of Bovine Pericardium Mineralization: A Basic And Practical Approach, Branko B. Tomazic, Chakwan Siew, Walter E. Brown

Cells and Materials

The biomineralization of bovine pericardium (BP) heart valve bioprostheses was investigated by simulation of the process under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The nature and composition of calcific deposits that formed in human heart valve bioprostheses were compared with the mineral formed on BP discs immersed in a calcifying medium or subcutaneously implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats. The early stage of experimental biomineralization in vitro took place on the surface only, while in vivo deposition appeared to be intrinsic, as documented by histological cross sections. The chemical composition of the initial mineral phase formed under in vitro conditions had a …

The Articular Cartilage Of The Rabbit Knee: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study, Daniel Levanon, Haim Stein

Cells and Materials

The surface morphology of eight sectors in the rabbit knee articular cartilage was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Cartilage surfaces showed wide variation in the shape, dimensions , and density of gaps and acellular processes. Patellas and load-bearing condyles revealed a relatively higher density of processes than did load-free condyles. Surface processes and gaps were abundant. They might represent a condensation product(s) of hyaluronic acid/protein complex that accrues during cycles of loading/weight bearing.

Natural Systems For Preventing Contamination And Growth Of Microorganisms In Foods, King-Thom Chung, Chris A. Murdock

Food Structure

Food-borne illness is a vast and costly worldwide problem. Although complex, it may be divided into two major types of animal and human disease: intoxication caused by toxic substances in food and secondly, infection, caused by microorganisms. Toxic substances may be already present in foods, or they may be produced by microorganisms through contamination and proliferation in food. Prevention of the invasion of foods by microorganisms may be achieved by effective use of intrinsic factors found in plants and animals. These factors include pH, moisture content, oxidationreduction potential, nutrient content, biological structures, and antimicrobial constituents. A second type of natural …

Dusts Produced During Cutting Of Modern Splinting Bandages, R. Wytch, D. W. Gregory, R. Clayton, D. Wardlaw

Cells and Materials

Previous work carried out by the authors (Wytch et al ., 1988a) has shown that airborne dust generated during removal of orthopaedic casts with a power saw could represent a respiratory hazard. Further work has been carried out on all types of splinting bandage currently available in the United Kingdom to assess the potential dust hazard when sawing these materials. It has been shown that although plaster of Paris bandage produces significant concentrations of airborne dust, most of the polyurethane-impregnated fabric bandages generate extremely low levels of dust and in the case of the non-glass fabrics, the level is insignificant. …

Reservation Leadership And The Progressive-Traditional Dichotomy: William Wash And The Northern Utes, 1865-1928, Davis Rich Lewis

History Faculty Publications

In the early twentieth century, Indian Bureau officials noted an increasing incidence of tribal factionalism parallel to changes in Indian reservation leadership. They described this factionalism in terms of a progressive-traditional dichotomy. Modern scholars have unintentionally fallen into this semantic trap. This article explores the complexity of individual motivations and factional politics among the Northern Utes through the life of William Wash and suggests that such cultural middlemen offer a more complete picture of reservation politics.

High Voltage Electron Microscopy And Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Human Neoplastic Cell Culture, Marek Malecki

Scanning Microscopy

Improved procedures were developed to correlate cell culture data with the images provided by advanced ultrastructural technologies. These procedures were compatible with the two main types of cellular behavior: adherent, spreading (melanomas, rhabdomyosarcomas) and non-adherent in suspension (leukemias).

The ultrastructure and function of spreading neoplastic cells primarily depend on surface properties of the attaching substrates. Therefore, the films used for cultured cell whole-mount ultrastructural analysis must have adherence features identical to those of standard cell culture vessels. Improved procedures were developed to produce the polystyrene films of required qualities. These films allowed processing of cells for electron microscopy including chemical …

Rainbow Bridge National Monument General Management Plan, Development Concept Plan, Resource Management Plan, Interpretive Prospectus, And Environmental Assessment, United States, Department Of The Interior, National Park Service

Resource Management Plans (UT)

This General Management Plan provides the National Park Service with direction for long-range management, development, and use of the Rainbow Bridge National Monument. The plan responds to new issues identified during the planning process when the draft plan was published in September of 1990. A main concern expressed during public review of the draft plan was diverse public expectations for visitor experience, crowding, and the high number of visitors accessing a limited area of Rainbow Bridge. In addition, the plan and environmental assessment address these diverse public expectations along with the issues of a visitor experience, protection of natural and …

Theoretical Vibrational Study Of Fx...Nh3 (X=H, D, Li) Complexes, Y. Bouteiller, Z. Latajka, H. Ratajczak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

This paper presents the first ab initio attempt to construct the stretching fundamentals ν_FX and ν_F...N (X=H, D, Li) in the FX...NH₃ complexes taking into account the mechanical anharmonicity. A potential‐energy surface V(r_FX,R_F...N) grid was generated at the self‐consistent‐field and second‐order Møller–Plesset levels. The coefficients fitting the potential‐energy surface up to the fourth order have been used to compute the ν_FX and ν_F...N stretching modes. The vibrational problem is solved by means of a variational treatment which includes the effects of mechanical …

Ab Initio Study Of Intermolecular Potential Of H2o Trimer, G. Chalasinski, M. M. Szczesniak, P. Cieplak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Nonadditive contribution to the interaction energy in water trimer is analyzed in terms of Heitler–London exchange, SCF deformation, induction and dispersion nonadditivities. Nonadditivity originates mainly from the SCF deformation effect which is due to electric polarization. However, polarization does not serve as a universal mechanism for nonadditivity in water. In the double‐donor configuration, for example, the Heitler–London exchange contribution is the most important and polarization yields the wrong sign. Correlation effects do not contribute significantly to the nonadditivity. A detailed analysis of the pair potential is also provided. The present two‐body potential and its components are compared to the existing …

Scanning Electron Microscope Observations Of Growth And Ochratoxin - A Production Of Aspergillus Alutaceus Variety Alutaceus (Formerly A. Ochraceus) On Gamma-Irradiated Barley, J. G. Szekely, W. S. Chelack, S. Delaney, R. R. Marquardt, A. A. Frohlich

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscope examination, colony counting and biochemical studies were conducted to describe the effect of gammairradiation on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus alutaceus. Irradiation at a dose of 1.0 or 2.0 kGy reduced the level of mold growth greatly relative to unirradiated controls. Growth in the irradiated samples after 7 to 12 day incubation was mainly in cracks in the hull, and less mycelium was seen on the grain surface. In unirradiated controls, mycelial growth was heavy and, although conidial heads were most abundant in cracks in the hull, they were seen over the whole surface. Vhen …

Tissue Interactions With Dermal Sheep Collagen Implants: A Transmission Electron Microscopical Evaluation, P. B. Van Wachem, M. J. A. Van Luyn, L. Olde Damink, J. Feijen, P. Nieuwenhuis

Cells and Materials

Tissue interactions with discs of dermal sheep collagen (DSC), subcutaneously implanted in rats, were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. DSC cross-linked with hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDSC) had already been tested previously. In the present study, we compared tissue interactions of non-cross-linked DSC (NDSC) and glutaraldehyde-cross-linked DSC (GDSC) with those of HDSC. To gain more insight in the relation between basophil-like cells, foreign body multinucleate giant (FBM-G) cells derived from them, and aluminum/silicate (Al/Si)-crystals, we also implanted agarose-embedded Al/Si-crystals. GDSC induced early after implantation extensive lipid formation, cell degeneration and death, but NDSC did not have any cytotoxic effects. Basophil-like (FBM-G) cells specifically …

Utah Science Vol. 52 No. 4, Winter 1991

Utah Science

128 A message to the Dairy Industry: Don’t Be Cowed by Surplus Milk

130 Cheesecake Lovers Take Heart

131 Super Sleuthing to Maintain Milk’s Purity

133 Letting milk Be Milk

134 Microbes Confer Healthful Benefits on Ice Cream and Yogurt

136 Improving the Mozzarella-Pizza Partnership

138 The Commerce of Good Ideas

139 Processing to Improve Yogurt

140 Cheesemaking: Simple Accidents Create a Complex Science

142 Developing Safer Food That Protects Itself

144 Sustainable Agriculture: A New Challenge for Land Grant Universities John E. Ikerd

150 Agricultural Research: A strategy for Success G.W. Bird

156 Trends in Chinese Agriculture Sylvan H. …

Predation Risk And The Importance Of Cover For Juvenile Rainbow Trout In Lentic Systems, R. A. Tabor, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked in midelevation reservoirs in Utah inhabit shallow nearshore areas and are vulnerable to predation from piscivorous fish and birds. We determined the use and importance of nearshore habitats by (1) measuring habitat selection by, prey availability to, and feeding of juvenile rainbow trout in two reservoirs with populations of predators, and (2) measuring survival and growth rates in the presence and absence of cover in a pond experiment where adult brown trout Salmo trutta were predators. In the reservoirs juvenile rainbow trout (60–120 mm standard length) were abundant in complex inshore habitats but avoided …

Ab Initio Study Of The Intermolecular Potential Of Ar–H2o, G. Chalasinski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential‐energy surface of Ar–H₂O. The surface is very isotropic with the lowest barrier for rotation of ∼35 cm⁻¹ above the absolute minimum. The lower bound for D_e is found to be 108 cm⁻¹ and the complex reveals a very floppy structure, with Ar moving freely from the H‐bridged structure to the coplanar and almost perpendicular arrangement of the C₂ –water axis and the Ar–O axis, ‘‘T‐shaped’’ structure. This motion is almost isoenergetic (energy change …

Wildlife And Pesticides - A Practical Guide To Reducing The Risk, Terry A. Messmer, G. Dahl

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture today. Producers use pesticides because they are effective and generally reasonably priced. The benefits include reduced yield losses and time savings to the producer, and lower food and fiber costs for consumer.