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Distribution Of Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus And Sulphur In Z-, I- And A-Bands In Mammalian Striated Muscle, Romuald Wróblewski, Lars Edström

Scanning Microscopy

The regularity of the striation of skeletal muscle offers a unique possibility to analyze different bands of the sarcomere in longitudinally cut semithin cryosections. The aim of the present study was to investigate the elemental content of the Z-, I- and A-bands within the sarcomere which may be related to the affinity of an element to different contractile elements and the water content in different bands. The highest potassium levels were found in the Z-band {802 mmol/kg dry weight (d.w.)} as compared to the I-band (697 mmol/kg d.w.) and the A-band (731 mmol/kg d.w.). The difference between A-band and Z-band, …

Investigation Of Touch-Sensitive Responses By Hyphae Of The Human Pathogenic Fungus Candida Albicans, N. A. R. Gow, T. H. S. Perera, J. Sherwood-Higham, G. W. Gooday, D. W. Gregory, D. Marshall

Scanning Microscopy

Candida albicans is a fungus that commonly infects the mucosal surface of humans. The hyphal growth form of this fungus may initiate the primary invasion of the host. Here we show that hyphae respond thigmotropically and morphologically to cues such as the presence of a surface, pores, grooves and ridges. Growth on some firm surfaces elicits a helical growth response. Hyphae follow grooves and ridges of inert substrates and penetrate pores of filtration membranes. Our in vitro experiments suggest that thigmotropism may enhance the ability of a hypha to invade epithelia of a host at sites of weakened integrity.

Community Environmental Response, Facilitation Act Report For Tooele Army Depot - North Area, Tooele, Utah, Final, Ageiss Environmental, Inc.

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report presents the results of the Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act (CERFA) investigation conducted by AGEISS Environmental, Inc. (AGEISS) at the Tooele Army Depot - North Area (TEAD-N), a U.S. Government property selected for closure by the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission under Public Laws 100-526 and 101-510. The primary objective of this investigation as required under CERFA (Public Law 102-426), is for Federal agencies to expeditiously identify real property offering the greatest opportunity for immediate reuse and redevelopment. Satisfying this objective requires the identification of real property where no Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) …

Proceedings From The 31st Annual Italian And Specialty Cheese Seminar, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

The impact of mixer temperature and mixer screw speeds on fat recovery, protein recovery, and yield of Mozzarella cheese was determined. In the first trial three different cheese temperatures were achieved: 130·F (54.C); 140•F (60.C); and 150.F (66·q. In the mixer temperature trial, a screw speed of 12 rpm (revolutions per minute) was used at all mixer temperatures. In the second trial, three different mixer screw speeds were used for stretching: 5 rpm, slow; 12 rpm, medium (ca. 50o/o of mixer full speed); 19 rpm, fast. Three vats of cheese were made per day. The two trials were conducted at …

Small Deep Space Mission Telecommunications, G.K. Noreen, A.L. Riley, V.M. Pollmeier

Small Satellite Conference

Unique requirements imposed on deep space telecommunications, such as operation at extreme ranges, have historically led to high cost, one-of-a-kind spacecraft telecommunications systems. Yet future deep space missions must fit within severe cost, mass and power constraints. JPL recently completed a study to find ways of reducing telecommunications cost for future deep space missions. Study team members surveyed designers of proposed deep space missions to characterize their telecommunications needs and design constraints. They identified and evaluated alternative telecommunications systems architectures capable of satisfying these needs and constraints. They traded spacecraft capabilities against DSN capabilities to determine optimal flight/ground combinations. The …

Ccsds Spacecraft Uplink Protocol In A Space-Qualified Asic, S.H. Wood, G.S. Bolotin, J.A. Donaldson

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes the capabilities of the Hardware Command Decode (HCD) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for the Cassini spacecraft. The ASIC is used on the spacecraft in the Command and Data Subsystem computer to receive and decode uplink commands. The ASIC receives a serial, digital data stream of uplink data from the antenna receiver electronics. Implemented in the ASIC is the "receiving end coding layer" specified in the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Telecommand standard. The CCSDS Telecommand standard is a widely used, international standard. The ASIC also supports direct ground control of up to 32 …

Msti-3 Dual-Use Applications, Jim Hood, William Jeffrey

Small Satellite Conference

The Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) program will launch MSTI-3 the third satellite in the program's series of satellites, in early September 1994. The MSTI-3 satellite will be instrumented with a visible wedge spectrometer and a MWIR sensor that will support Dual-Use applications. During on orbit operations MSTI-3 will collect data to support ongoing research by the USDA Forestry Service, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, US Fish and Wildlife Services, and US AID AGRHYMET Project. In addition to collecting data in support of these programs, the visible wedge spectrometer will be evaluated for its space-based applications to remote sensing. This paper will …

Toms-Ep Spacecraft, Art Azarbarzin, Boris Dobrotin, Al Fleming

Small Satellite Conference

The TOMS-EP spacecraft is a part of NASA’s Mission to Plant Earth, sponsored by NASA/GSFC for an ozone mapping/surveillance mission. The mission requires a single instrument in a sun synchronous, noon, low earth orbit. The spacecraft must provide the mission capabilities and robustness of larger spacecraft within the weight and volume capabilities of the Pegasus LN, and at a relatively low cost, allowing the spacecraft carry a single instrument. Autonomy is provided for both deployment and safe hold modes, using the full functional redundancy provided. Contamination control is designed to protect the payload instrument. The subsystems were optimized to provide …

Isat-1 Communication System, Minghua Lu, Keshi Chen

Small Satellite Conference

The communication system of the Iowa satellite ISAT-1 provides contact links between the satellite, the ground station, and a moderate number of remote ground data collection systems through the operation of two functional units. In this system, data is transferred over four VHF/UHF channels, each with a bandwidth of 15 KHz, at the rate of 9,600 bps per channel. The continuous phase binary frequency shift keying (CP-BFSK) is used for digital modulation/demodulation in the attempt to achieve a transmission error bit rate of 10(-6) or lower under the constraint of a very limited financial and power budget. Also, a command-driven …

Miniaturization Methods For Deep Space Microspacecraft, Lilac Muller

Small Satellite Conference

Due to the shrinking NASA budget, future scientific spacecraft programs will be driven by their "life-cycle" cost. This cost figure, which includes development integration, launch, and operation, can be reduced by making spacecraft smaller and more autonomous. Such miniature spacecraft allow the launch of several microspacecraft on a single launch vehicle or the launch of a single microspacecraft as a "piggy-back" rider on top a primary payload. Although each of these small spacecraft will not be capable of conducting the diversified science that is accomplished by such grand vehicles as Voyager and Cassini, a group of microspacecraft can conduct a …

Lessons Learned From Clementine On The Way To Pluto, J. Carraway, P. Henry, M. Herman, G. Kissel, H. Price, R. Staehle, M. Underwood

Small Satellite Conference

Clementine has demonstrated a variety of hardware, system design, and operations innovations. The Pluto design team is currently evaluating the applicability of many Clementine approaches for the Pluto Flyby mission, including: 1) A focused science instrument payload exploiting low mass, low power instruments. 2) Using Clementine star cameras. 3) A similar flight computer architecture exploiting separate, dedicated spacecraft and instrument computers. 4) Using the same high order uplink programming / control language (SCL - "Spacecraft Command Language") 5) A similar operations style and organization during cruise. At the same time, differences in the Pluto mission, lifetime, reliability, trajectory, and data …

Dependability Design For The Pluto Flyby Mission, Stephen Johnson, Larry Cooper, Don Uhrich

Small Satellite Conference

The Pluto Flyby mission poses very stringent dependability requirements. These requirements drive a design that must optimize the reliability of the system over a decade, the availability of the spacecraft during the crucial flyby period, and the security of the science data during the long post-encounter playback period. This paper discusses the initial studies of the processes and techniques which will be used for the dependability of this difficult mission. These studies and initial analyses draw from dependability research and development at various institutions over the last two decades. After briefly outlining the major features of this prior work, their …

A Cost Model For A University Satellite Program, Emery Reeves

Small Satellite Conference

A number of universities are involved in designing small satellites for research or for educational projects. The amateur radio community is also engaged in similar projects. Study of the economic basis for these projects shows a number of common elements such as the number of people involved, degree of dedication, use of available hardware, and schedule span times. This paper is an attempt to summarize this experience and formulate a common economic model as an aid to planning future projects and examining process characteristics of such programs.

Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (Msti) Flight Test Results, David Erickson, Jason Feig, Ed Grigsby, Alan Carlson

Small Satellite Conference

The MSTI-2 satellite mission is the second in a series established to test, in realistic scenarios, miniature spacecraft and sensor technologies for missile detection and tracking on low cost, low-earth orbit technology demonstration satellites. Cooperative demonstrations are planned to combine MSTI-provided target track file information, with interceptor technology tests, to fully demonstrate technologies associated with theater missile defense (TMO) targeting. The program is sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) and executed by a government/industry team led by the Air Force Phillips Laboratory's Space Experiments Directorate (operating location Edwards Air Force Base). The MSTI-2 mission will demonstrate several advanced …

Ultrastructural Patterns Of Cell Damage And Death Following Gamma Radiation Exposure Of Murine Erythroleukemia Cells, R. Di Pietro, E. Falcieri, L. Centurione, M. A. Centurione, G. Mazzotti, R. Rana

Scanning Microscopy

Radiation causes damage to cell surface membranes, cytoplasmic organelles, and the nuclear process of DNA synthesis and repair, and this eventually results in different modes of cell death. In this study we examined murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, exposed to 15 and 60 Gy of 10 MeV photonic energy, and left in culture for up to 96 hours. Electron microscopical analysis was performed on conventionally embedded samples and freeze-fracture replicas, in order to detect ultrastructural patterns of cell damage and death. Of interest was the observation of chromatin condensates, nuclear membrane associations and nuclear pore redistribution during early apoptosis. Pronounced rearrangements …

Glycol Methacrylate Embedding And Microwave Staining For Light Microscopy Of The Mouse Cochlea, Bharti Katbamna, Atha Ralston

Scanning Microscopy

This study examined the utility of a methacrylate-based embedding medium and microwave staining for light microscopic quantification of hair cells and spiral ganglion cells in the mouse cochlea. The most important phase of the preparation process involved slowing down the polymerization process. The tissue molecules so locked within the plastic matrix produced excellent preservation of the organ of Corti and adjacent structures including the spiral ganglion, as well as tissue ionic charges. Excitable by microwaves, these ionic charges accelerated the movement of the basic dye (hematoxylin) into the tissue, reducing the time for this segment of the staining process from …

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis Studies Of Several Human Calculi Containing Calcium Phosphate Crystals, Tetsuo Kodaka, Kazuhiro Debari, Tsuneyoshi Sano, Masayuki Yamada

Scanning Microscopy

Human calcium phosphate calculi: two sialoliths, a urolith, a rhinolith, and a tonsillolith were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The sialoliths and urolith had appositional shells with thick cortices, respectively, around several nuclei composed of calcospherulites and a rubber-film fragment. The rhinolith had a thin cortex with appositional laminations around a glomerulus-like mass of calcified cotton-like strings. The tonsillolith had a rough cortex with appositional laminations. Its porous interior was composed of numerous calcified conglomerates with microorganisms and calcified masses with fine appositional laminations around the conglomerates. The major crystals were identified as biological …

Utah Science Vol. 55 No. 2, Summer 1994

Utah Science

No abstract provided.

Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy As A Tool For Structural And Compositional Analysis Of Isolated Ferritin Particles, A. L. D. Beckers, W. C. De Bruijn, J. F. Jongkind, M. I. Cleton-Soeteman, R. P. Apkarian, E. S. Gelsema

Scanning Microscopy

Structural and compositional analysis of isolated horse-spleen ferritin particles was performed by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Ferritin particles were collected in ultrathin (2 nm thick) chromium films and analyzed without any additional stain by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for iron and carbon and by electron-spectroscopic imaging (ESI) for carbon. The ultrastructure of the proteinaceous shell of the ferritin particle, as obtained by the carbon net-intensity electron spectroscopical and carbon concentration-distribution images, was qualitatively compared to the structure as acquired by a negative-staining procedure.

Quantitative analysis of the number of carbon atoms in the ferritin-shell proteins was carried out …

Three-Dimensional Mapping Of Mineral Densities In Carious Dentin: Theory And Method, J. H. Kinney, G. W. Marshall Jr., S. J. Marshall

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM), a three-dimensional X-ray imaging technique, has been used to quantitatively map mineral concentrations in carious dentin. Data analysis from the XTM study indicates that variations in the mineral concentration surrounding the caries can be imaged in three dimensions with a spatial resolution that is sufficient to detect calcified and enlarged tubule spaces in the lesion. A three-dimensional image of the subsurface lesion indicates that lesion penetration is along the direction of the tubules. The mineral concentration in the uninfected dentin was measured by the XTM to be 1.29 ± 0.14 g/cm³ based upon the tabulated …

Is There A Cell-To-Cell Contact Effect On The X-Ray Dose-Survival Response Of Mammalian Cells?, Nandanuri M. S. Reddy, Krystyna A. Cieszka, Samuil Rozenblyum, Christopher S. Lange

Scanning Microscopy

While a cell-to-cell contact effect has been reported for a Chinese hamster subline V79-171B, this was not observed for another subline V79 171-S. Therefore, we tested whether the cell-to-cell contact effect on cell survival depended on the cell line or the experimental conditions used. We have cultured and compared both sublines under identical conditions. Both sublines, cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) with 15% serum, bad nearly identical cell doubling times and radiosensitivities. For both sublines, the survival of spheroid and monolayer cells subcultured immediately after irradiation were nearly the same, i.e., a radio-protective contact effect for spheroid cells …

An Experimental Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Human Cerebellar Cortex Using The T-Butyl Alcohol Freeze-Drying Device, Teruyuki Hojo

Scanning Microscopy

Specimen preparation methods are very important in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of nerve tissues. In the present study, a t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying device was used to prepare cerebellar cortex of the human and that of the rat at 15°C and 160 mm Hg. This method has been previously used with success in the preparation of other tissues, such as pancreas and trachea. Relatively large specimens (about 10 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm) of formalin-fixed human and glutaraldehyde-Millonig buffer perfused (1 hour) Wistar rat were rinsed in water, dehydrated in a series of ethanols, immersed in t-butyl …

Proton-Induced And Electron-Induced X-Ray Microanalysis Of Insulin-Secreting Cells, Eva Pålsgård, Ulf Lindh, Lisa Juntti-Berggren, Per-Olof Berggren, Godfried M. Roomans, Geoffrey W. Grime

Scanning Microscopy

Elemental redistribution induced by insulin secretion, was investigated by electron and proton probe X-ray microanalysis. In particular, ion fluxes following immediately upon stimulation were studied. As the sensitivity of the electron probe was insufficient, the proton microprobe was employed. In order to see whether the cell is asymmetric with respect to Ca²⁺ influx, the cells were stimulated in the presence of Sr²⁺ (as a Ca²⁺ analog). Insulin-secreting cells (RINm5F cells and isolated mouse β-cells) were cultured on grids and shock-frozen at 2-30 seconds after stimulation. In a large number of cells, the major elements and and large …

Intercellular Interactions In Pc12 Cells Overexpressing Beta/A4 Amyloid, Gladys E. Maestre, Barbara A. Tate, Ronald E. Majocha, John Maguire, Charles A. Marotta

Scanning Microscopy

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane component of eukaryotic cells. A variety of research approaches have addressed the contribution of the β amyloid peptide region of the APP to neuritic plaque structure and formation in the Alzheimer disease brain as well as the relationship between β amyloid accumulation and the occurrence of dementia. However, there is limited information available concerning the cellular consequences of amyloid deposition. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship between β amyloid and intercellular junctions. Transfected PC12 cell lines, that overexpress the β amyloid peptide, exhibit structural and functional alterations at …

The Nighthawk Review, 1994, Usu Eastern English Department

Nighthawk Review

An annual publication featuring student work from Utah State University Eastern Campus.

Consumption Of Iron-Fortified Cheese And Lipid Peroxidation In Females, Gene Joseph Giunti

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dairy products are important sources of calcium and other nutrients but are a poor source of dietary iron. Cheese comprises a substantial portion of dairy food consumption and has been determined an appropriate medium for iron-fortification. However, iron may promote the potentially harmful process in food and biological systems known as lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the safety of consuming iron-fortified cheese was examined.

Commercial-scale batches of Cheddar cheese were iron-fortified to a level of two milligrams of iron per ounce with either ferric chloride, ferric-casein complex, or ferric-whey protein complex. Fifty-four premenopausal females were divided into three treatment groups and supplemented …

The Predictive Validity Of The Battelle Developmental Inventory As A Measure Of Adaptive Behavior: A 2-3 Year, Longitudinal Comparison With The Scales Of Independent Behavior, Clarice E. Jentzsch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Within the last 5 years, researchers have given increased attention to preschool assessment. One test, the Battelle Developmental Inventory, has become increasingly popular for use with preschool-age children. Despite its frequent use by early intervention programs, few researchers have studied the technical adequacy of the Battelle. The predictive validity of the Battelle was examined, using 154 children with disabilities. Scores on the Battelle for children 3 to 5 years of age were compared with scores on the Scales of Independent Behavior administered to the same children 2 to 3 years later. Moderate to strong relationships were found between the scores. …

Women In Transition At Midlife, Kay T. Rawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Women in modern America are living longer than ever before and society's expectations are changing. In 1900, it was expected that most women would die in their forties or early fifties. However, with today's life expectancy of approximately 80 years. midlife is a viable component of a woman's total life course. Since midlife is an important part of the lives of today's women, this study examines the elements of well-being in midlife women over three transitional periods surrounding the half century birthday. A random sample of 1,041 midlife women, ages 34-66, living along the Wasatch Front in Utah, responded to …

Psychosocial Correlates Of Criminal Behavior: Identity Styles Of Male Inmates In The Utah State Prison, Joseph M. White

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred ninety-four inmates responded to a measure that taps Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, dealing with the issues of identity. Information concerning previous and current criminal activity, along with basic demographic information, was also collected. Cross-checks conducted on selected information within the Utah State Department of Correction's computer system suggest validity for inmate self-reports. The criminal behavior questions were addressed in two main sections: previous and current criminal behavior.

Results illustrate consistent relationships that exist between criminal behavior and cognitive identity style (the corollary to Marcia's identity statuses). The identity styles represent the process involved with personal decision …

A Monte Carlo Simulation Of Coulomb Collisions And Wave-Particle Interactions In Space Plasma At High Latitudes, Imad Ahmad Barghouthi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Four studies were considered to simulate the ion behavior in the auroral region and the polar wind.

In study I, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the behavior of O⁺ ions that are E x B-drifting through a background of neutral O, with the effect of O⁺(Coulomb) self-collisions included. Wide ranges of the ion-to-neutral density ratio n_i / n_n and electrostatic field E were considered in order to investigate the change of ion behavior with respect to the solar cycle and altitude. For low altitudes and/or solar minimum (n_i / …