Digital Commons Network^™

Lessons Learned From The Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (Msti) -3 Controlled Reentry, Lesley Rahman, Preston Diamond, Todd Probert

Small Satellite Conference

This paper is presented as an overview of the lessons learned from the controlled reentry of the Air Force Miniature Sensor Technology Integration program's third satellite (MSTI-3). Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, the amount of space debris in orbit has progressively increased to potentially hazardous levels. In light of these facts, the National Space Policy directs the United States to minimize the creation of space debris. NASA has already adopted a policy to limit the generation of orbital debris, and DoD policy has supported debris minimization for well over a decade. The MSTI-3 spacecraft was neither designed, nor …

Precision Control, Knowledge And Orbit Determination On A Small Spacecraft Bus: The Orbview-4 Attitutde Control System, Dewey Adams, Dominick Bruno, Piyush Shah, Brian Keller

Small Satellite Conference

High resolution, Earth imaging missions place stringent requirements on the spacecraft Attitude Control System (ACS) in terms of pointing accuracy, attitude knowledge, and orbit knowledge. For OrbView-4, a body scanner, the spacecraft must also be agile to maximize the number of targets that can be imaged each orbit. These requirements dictate a robust, high performance design that allows rapid target acquisition and high line scan rates for mapping while maintaining precise knowledge and control of the camera line of sight vector. The OrbView-4 ACS combines state of the art components with robust algorithm design to meet these objectives. Equipment selection, …

Investigation Of Propulsion System Requirements For Spartan Lite, Michael Urban, Timothy Gruner, James Morrissey, Gary Sneiderman

Small Satellite Conference

This paper discusses the (chemical or electric) propulsion system requirements necessary to increase the Spartan Lite science mission lifetime to over a year. Spartan Lite is an extremely low-cost (< $10M) spacecraft bus being developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to accommodate sounding rocket class (40 W, 45 kg, 35cm dia by 1 m length) payloads. While Spartan Lite is compatible with expendable launch vehicles, most missions are expected to be tertiary payloads deployed by the Space Shuttle. To achieve a one year or longer mission life from typical Shuttle orbits, some form of propulsion system is required. Chemical propulsion systems (characterized by high thrust impulsive maneuvers) and electrical propulsion systems (characterized by low-thrust long duration maneuvers and the additional requirement for electrical power) are discussed. The performance of the Spartan Lite attitude control system in the presence of large disturbance torques is evaluated using the Treetops dynamic simulator. This paper discusses the performance goals and resource constraints for candidate Spartan Lite propulsion systems and uses them to specify quantitative requirements against which the systems are evaluated.

The Software Design For The Wide-Field Infrared Explorer Attitude Control System, Kenneth Barnes, Charles Melhorn, Tom Phillips

Small Satellite Conference

The Wide-Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE), currently scheduled for launch in September 1998, is the fifth spacecraft in NASA's Small Explorer (SMEX) series. WIRE's mission is to perform a four month survey of galaxies with unusually high star formation rates ("starburst galaxies"). It is a momentum-biased three-axis stabilized stellar pointer which provides high-accuracy pointing and autonomous acquisition for eight to ten targets per orbit. Much of the design is based on previous SMEX missions, WIRE's short mission life and limited cryogen supply impose strict new Sun and Earth avoidance requirements which protect the instrument and preserve cryogen. This paper presents the …

Project Spartnik: Microsatellite Design, Construction, Testing, And Operation By Undergraduate Students At San Jose State University, Jeffrey Lin, Francisco Soriano, Michelle Schoenman

Small Satellite Conference

Spartnik is a microsatellite under construction at San Jose State University. Three distinct payloads are being designed, fabricated, tested, and integrated by students solely at the undergraduate level. These payloads consist of a digital color camera, a Micro-Meteorite Impact Detector, and a fairly sophisticated communications package that transmits and receives data on the amateur radio frequency band. As part of a year-long senior design project, students are distributed into seven separate subsystems in which they learn about the design and construction of their specific components and how they interact in a satellite as a whole. Significant progress has been made …

Smaller Than Small, Faster Than Fast, Cheaper Than Cheap: The Barnacle Satellite Project, John O'Boyle, Iii, Pascal Stang, Nick Woods

Small Satellite Conference

The BARNACLE micro-satellite is an extremely simple low-cost space vehicle for the characterization of electronic instruments in space. The satellite was developed in less than one year by a group of seven undergraduate engineering students with no previous spacecraft design experience. The satellite was built for under $2,000 of the students own money with most of the hardware donated by industry and university sponsors. The craft includes a Motorola 68HC11 microprocessor-based subsystem for system control, with a logic system to back up the processor in the case of failure. Power is regulated by high-efficiency switching mode regulators in the power …

A Small/Micro-/Pico- Satellite Program For Investigating Thunderstorm-Related Atmospheric Phenomena, Christopher Kitts

Small Satellite Conference

A low cost, multi-satellite program for conducting novel atmospheric science is described. The program exploits simple visual and radio frequency sensing in order to investigate atmospheric phenomena induced by thunderstorms. The science instrumentation is supported by a variety of standalone and collaborative small, micro-, and picosatellite vehicles in order to meet the program's science requirements while also exploring a spectrum of small satellite approaches for conducting meaningful science. This multi-mission program is being developed jointly by student design teams at Stanford University and Santa Clara University.

Nasa-Gsfc Nano-Satellite Technology Development, Peter Panetta, Harry Culver, John Gagosian, Michael Johnson, James Kellogg, David Mangus, Theodore Michalek, Victor Sank, Steven Tompkins

Small Satellite Conference

The scientific understanding of key physical processes between the Sun and Earth require simultaneous measurements from many vantage points in space. Nano-satellite technologies will enable a class of constellation missions for the NASA Space Science Sun-Earth Connections theme. These technologies will also be of great benefit to other NASA science enterprises. Each nano-satellite will weigh a maximum of 10 kg including the propellant mass. Provisions for orbital maneuvers as well as attitude control, multiple sensors and instruments, and full autonomy will yield a highly capable miniaturized satellite. All onboard electronics will survive a total radiation dose rate of 100 krads …

Techsat 21 - Space Missions Using Collaborating Constellations Of Satellites, Alok Das, Richard Cobb

Small Satellite Conference

New technologies for power systems, electronics, micro-electro-mechanical systems, structures, and payloads are enabling significant reduction in the size, cost, and weight of satellites. It is estimated that satellites supplying 1 kW prime power with 1 GFLOP processing capability can be mass-produced at less than 100 kg in the near future. These capable, lightweight, low cost micro-satellites open up new vistas for space system architectures. Concepts are presented which distribute the function of a satellite to a cluster of such micro-satellites flying in formation. It is shown that simply subdividing a satellite into smaller pieces does not in itself offer more …

The Snoe Spacecraft: Integration, Test, Launch, Operation, And On-Orbit Performance, Stanley Solomon, Scott Bailey, Charles Barth, Randal Davis, John Donnelly, Timothy Holden, Michelle Kelley, Richard Kohnert, Michael Mcgrath, Aimee Merkel, Heather Reed, Sean Ryan, Mark Salada, Stephen Steg, Gail Tate, James Westfall, Jason Westphal, Peter Withnell

Small Satellite Conference

The Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) was launched on 26 February 1998. Its objectives are to measure nitric oxide density in the lower thermosphere, to analyze the solar and auroral fluxes that create it and cause its variation, and to demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost, University-based missions that include a high degree of student participation. The SNOE spacecraft and instruments were designed and built at the University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (CU/LASP). It travels in a 580 x 550 km, sunsynchronous orbit with a 10:30 AM ascending node. It spins at 5 rpm with the spin …

Deep Space One Telecommunication Development, M.I. Herman, S. Valas, W. Hatch, C.C. Chen, S.H. Zingales, R.P. Scaramastra, L.R. Amaro, M.D. Rayman

Small Satellite Conference

Deep Space One (DS1) is the first of the New Millennium Program deep space technology validation missions, to be launched October 1998. This paper focuses on the Telecommunication Subsystem architecture, technology developments, as well as the test results. Technical factors that influenced the subsystem architecture were the ability to command the spacecraft and downlink telemetry data in cruise and emergency situations, and the need to provide radiometric data. Additional challenges included the requirement to demonstrate new telecommunication technology, enable the validation of other system technologies (for example solar electric propulsion, autonomous navigation, and beacon monitor operation), and at the same …

The Internet: Emergent Technologies In Two West African Countries, Jim Rogers

English Faculty Publications

Being connected for most Africans means something completely different from most of us in more (technologically) "developed" countries. Compared to those who have virtually unlimited and relatively cheap access to e-mail and the World Wide Web (WWW), most Africans have limited access to e-mail only. Outside of South Africa, which hosts 70 full Internet Service Providers (ISPs); Egypt, which hosts 25; and Morocco, which hosts 15, most African countries have well under 10 ISPs, the average being loser to 1 or 2 (Jensen, 1998). This example demonstrates the diversity of the African continent; one cannot simply typify the African example. …

Tips For Planning A Successful Timber Sale, Lisa Dennis-Perez

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes 12 steps to follow to help ensure a successful timber sale. Important points to consider when preparing a timber harvest are included, but this publication is intended only as an introduction to the subject. Other fact sheets in this series will address related topics, such as forest management planning and timber sale contract provisions, in more detail.

Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment Launcher System (Shels), Gerry Daelemans

Small Satellite Conference

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Shuttle Small Payloads Project (SSPP), in partnership with the United States Air Force and NASA's Explorer Program, is developing a Shuttle based launch system called SHELS (Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment Launcher System), which shall be capable of launching up to a 400 pound spacecraft from the Shuttle cargo bay. SHELS consists of a Marman band clamp push-plate ejection system mounted to a cast structure; the casted structure is mounted to one Orbiter sidewall adapter beam. Avionics mounted to a second adapter beam will interface with Orbiter electrical services and provide optional umbilical services and ejection circuitry. …

Development Of A Satellite Beacon Receiving Station, Carlos Niederstrasser

Small Satellite Conference

As part of its space operations research program, Stanford University's Space Systems Development Laboratory (SSDL) is implementing an automated state of health assessment and notification system for spacecraft. On board the spacecraft, this system consists of software that filters telemetry to derive a health assessment and a periodic beacon that broadcasts this assessment to the Earth. Throughout the world, a network of low cost receiving stations receive the beacon signal and relay it to a central mission control center via the Internet. This paper addresses the design and development of a beacon receiving station. Each station is designed to be …

An Integrated Payload Development And Operations System (Ipos) For Pi Class Missions, Gerald Murphy, Elaine Hansen

Small Satellite Conference

The IPOS approach recognizes that the real problems in achieving schedule, cost, and science return for PI class missions can only be dealt with by re-examining the basic architecture of payload and satellite systems. We must re-evaluate how they are built, integrated and operated. Reducing integration time and risk, lowering operations cost while increasing science return are absolutely necessary for today's new, low cost, fast turn-around missions. IPOS is systems engineered to match an innovative architecture with both an implementation methodology and enabling technologies. These are designed with recognition of the pitfalls that have historically been problems in satellite/payload integration, …

Jswitch/Jsat: Real-Time And Offiine World Wide Web Interface, Abigail Maury, Anna Critchfield, Jim Langston, Cynthia Adams

Small Satellite Conference

The Java-based spacecraft web interface to telemetry and command handling, Jswitch, is a prototype, platform-independent user interface to a spacecraft command and control system that uses Java technology, readily available security software, standard World Wide Web protocols, and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products. The Java-based science analysis and trending tool, Jsat, is a major element in Jswitch. Jsat is an inexpensive, Web-based, information-on-demand science data trend analysis tool. Both Jswitch and Jsat were developed in Java for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Jsat provides Web interface user access to science data from different satellites. Historically, satellite science data trend analysis …

The Implementation Of Satellite Attitude Control System Software Using Object Oriented Design , Mark Reid, William Hansell, Tom Phillips

Small Satellite Conference

NASA established the Small Explorer (SMEX) program in 1988 to provide frequent opportunities for highly focused and relatively inexpensive space science missions. The SMEX program has produced five satellites, three of which have been successfully launched. The remaining two spacecraft are scheduled for launch within the coming year. NASA has recently developed a prototype for the next generation Small Explorer spacecraft (SMEX-Lite). This paper describes the object-oriented design (OOD) of the SMEX-Lite Attitude Control System (ACS) software. The SMEX-Lite ACS is three-axis controlled and is capable of performing sub-arcminute pointing. This paper first describes high level requirements governing the SMEX-Lite …

A Remote I/O (Rio) Smart Sensor Analog-Digital Chip For Next Generation Spacecraft, Nick Paschalidis

Small Satellite Conference

The RIO Smart Sensor chip is APL's analog-digital, radiation-hardened, low-power, data acquisition device suitable for spacecraft and instrument data collection. The chip communicates over a standard serial I2C bus or a standard parallel bus. RIO, in its complete version, will measure temperatures using external thermistors, total ionizing dose using external radFETs, and voltages and currents. Its sensing capability can extend to other physical quantities such as photons, vibration, etc. A first version of this chip, is focusing on temperature measurements only (TRIO chip). TRIO measures 16 temperature channels using external platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs). It can also measure voltages only, …

Record Of Decision For An Interim Remedial Action At The Monticello Mill Tailings Site, Operable Unit Iii - Surface Water And Ground Water, Monticello, Utah, U.S. Department Of Energy, Grand Junction Office

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This decision document presents the selected interim remedial action for Operable Unit (OU) Ill surface water and ground water at the Monticello Mill Tailings Site (MMTS) in San Juan County, Utah. The selected interim remedial action was chosen in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and, to the extent practicable, with the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NGP). This decision is based on the administrative record for this site. The State of Utah concurs with the selected interim action. The selected alternative …

Water Resources Handbook For Economics, United States Department Of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose of the Water Resources Handbook for Economics is to provide guidance for the economic analysis of water resource projects. Established economic theory and principles, and the economic concepts stated in the Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resource Implementation Studies (P&G) serve as the primary foundation for this document. P&G was issued March 10, 1983, by the Water Resources Council. The economist must blend the economic principles with a good sense of practicality. To encourage the economist to be creative and to allow for differences between projects, the handbook is not intended to …

Habitat Conservation Plan For Utah Prairie Dogs In Iron County, Utah, Iron County Commission, Utah Division Of Wildlife Resources

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Utah prairie dog is a federally threatened species that occurs only in southwestern Utah. A large proportion (65%) of the total population of Utah prairie dogs occurs in Iron County, and a high percentage (86%) of those (2,456/2,843 in 1997) occur on privately owned lands. Population growth in Iron County has averaged more than 6% over the last five years, and is expected to continue at least at the same pace, and possibly as high as 10% (Colgan 1997). The increase in both residential and commercial development in Iron County has been the greatest in Cedar City, but has …

Development And Evaluation Of A Noninvasive Hemoglobinometer, Shonn P. Hendee, Dwayne R. Westenskow

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Measurement of hemoglobin concentration is among the most common clinical procedures. It is necessary in screening for anemia and is a means of providing a general assessment of physical well-being. Current methods for measuring hemoglobin concentration are invasive, requiring blood access. This paper describes a novel technique for measuring hemoglobin concentration noninvasively. The method takes advantage of the unique optical properties of hemoglobin to make the measurement. A vascularized tissue bed is transilluminated with a narrow linewidth optical source at an isobestic wavelength of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. The transmitted light intensity is measured as the tissue is compressed, which causes …

Pruning Landscape Trees: An Overview, Michael R. Kuhns

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes why, when, and how to prune branches from landscape trees. It describes where to make pruning cuts to avoid stubs and flush-cuts, and describes why wound dressings.

Insights, Spring, 1998, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Sensitizing Resin Acids In Aerosol Derived From Rosin Flux Used In Electronics Soldering: Molecular Mechanistic Studies In Resin Acid/Protein Hapten Formation, Philip A. Smith

Biology

Exposure to rosin and its resin acid constituents is associated with dermal and pulmonary sensitization. Methodologies to detect resin acid compounds in aerosol from heated rosin flux included air filtration, filter extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Various resin acids were seen in aerosol collected under field conditions, and in the laboratory. The predominant resin acid recovered was dehydroabietic acid, with lower levels of abietic acid and oxidized resin acids, which included 7-oxodehydroabietic, 15-hydroxydehydroabietic, and 7-hydroxydehydroabietic acids. Mass balance experiments with a soldering iron and liquid rosin flux showed most of the nonvolatile mass in unheated flux to be filtrable following …

Utah State University Commencement 1998 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

105th Commencement of Utah State University

Tolerance To Peptides From The Third Hypervariable Region (Hvr-3) Of Hla-Drβ1 In Autism, Dwight D. Wray

Biology

The exact pathogenesis of autism is not known, but experimental evidence shows that there are genetic, immunologic, and even microbial factors involved in its development. A potential genetic and immunologic link to the development of autism is the presence of the HLA-DRβ1*0101 and *0401 genes in autistic children or their mothers. These genes have been found 5 to 6 times more often in autistic children or their mothers than in normal subjects. It has also been shown that people expressing these genes might be tolerant to self-peptides from the third hypervariable region of the HLA-DRβ1 protein. The third hypervariable region …

The Reproductive Ecology, Demography, And Population Genetic Structure Of Arctomecon Californica Torrey & Fremont (Papaveraceae) In Fragmented And Unfragmented Habitat, Laura L. Hickerson

Biology

Arctomecon californica (the Las Vegas bearpoppy) is endemic to gypsum outcrops of the northern Mojave Desert. Native habitat of this plant in the Las Vegas Valley has been severely fragmented, while relatively undisturbed, unfragmented habitat still exists in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. I studied the reproductive ecology and population genetic structure of this rare plant. Comparisons were then drawn between fragmented and unfragmented habitat. Arctomecon californica flowers are mostly self-incompatible, and require a pollen vector for successful seed production. Evidence of pollinator limitation was found in both habitat types, but plants in fragmented habitat were much less successful …

Relationship Of Therapist Age And Gender To Couples' Communication In Marriage And Family Therapy, Norman E. Thibault

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if therapist age and gender have a relationship with the influence tactics used by the therapist in marital therapy, and if this relationship influences the communication behaviors of couples m marital therapy. There has been much research conducted on couples' communication behaviors in therapy, yet n one of the research relates the relationship of the age and the gender of therapists with couples' communiCation behaviors in therapy. This is an exploratory study to examine this relationship.

Forty-four to-minute videotaped segments of marital therapy were coded to examine the influence tactics used by …