Digital Commons Network^™

The Ability Of Young Children To Recognize Words, Katherine K. Armstrong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The young child's ability to learn to read (defined in this study "to recognize") words was studied in an attempt to determine the influence of age.

Fourteen, three-year-old children and 16, four and one-half year old children, 14 girls and 16 boys, were instructed to read eight words. Groups of three were taught in four, ten minute sessions and were then tested one at a time for word recognition. A retention test was given two weeks later.

The hypotheses, that three-year-old children will learn to read more readily than children nearer five years old and that girls will read better …

The Pill-Correlates Of Attitudes Toward Oral Contraception, Carmen Knudson Ptacek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward the oral contraceptive as related to religious, regional, educational, age, sex, and marital status. The instrument utilized was a 30 item summated scale which was completed by 240 high school and college students from the Intermountain and Great Plains regions.

The findings indicated a very large range of opinion regarding the pill. Attitudes were found to be related to religion, region, educational attainment, and marital status. Age and sex were not related to attitudes toward the pill.

Visual Perception In Pre-School Children, Candace Savage

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The efforts of practice sessions in discrimination tasks with the aid of instructional cues were studied to determine their influence on the visual perceptual abilities of pre-school children. The research was conducted at the Utah State University Child Development Laboratories with twenty children. Ten of these children were three years of age and ten were four years of age at the time of the study. Of the twenty children, five boys and five girls, were given training in performing tasks requiring ability in visual perception. The remaining ten children, five boys and five girls, were not given any visual perceptual …

The Influence Of Social Environment On Children's Perception Of Policemen, Sarah C. Klingel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to examine children's perceptions of policemen as these are related to the social environment in which he lives; and to investigate the social class, sex, and racial influences upon their perceptions.

An oral picture test, consisting of 12 pictures, was administered to 39 fourth-grade children in two Ogden, Utah, public schools.

The findings of this study is that there is mixed support for the hypothesis that significant differences exist between middle- and lower-class children in their perceptions of policemen. Support was approached for the second hypothesis: there exist significant differences between males and females …

Hydraulics Of Waste Stabilization Ponds And Its Influence On Treatment Efficiency, Kenneth A. Mangelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The treatment efficiency of waste stabilization ponds depends on many factors, the most important of which are generally presumed to be the biological factors such as the type of waste and the organic loading. However, the biological activity in a pond is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions of temperature, wind, sunlight, and the hydraulic flow patterns. In the past little attention has been given to the hydraulic characteristics of waste stabilization ponds. Specifically, little consideration has been given to the gross flow patterns within stabilization ponds as affected by the shape of the pond or lagoon, the presence of …

A Comparison Of Technologist Needs And Training Requirements Of The Major Industries Within The State Of Utah, Gene E. Forsberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The technologist needs and training requirements were determined from a selected cross-section of Utah industrial firms.

The larger industries were significantly more aware of the training requirements and capabilities of four-year technologists than were the smaller firms.

A significant difference was found regarding general and specialized training required by each firm. Thirteen of the 16 responding firms indicated specialized training as being most important.

The 10 areas of technical training rated most critical in their order of importance were: electronics, technical writing, electricity, English, mathematics (calculus and above), machine shop, manufacturing processes, physics, and metallurgy and design.

There was no …

A History Of The Public Library Movement In Utah, Max J. Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The public library in Utah and its acceptance as a public institution is the subject of this thesis. For present purposes, public libraries will be defined as those open to all, those having general collections of books, and those which circulate their books among the public. This thesis does not treat church, school, college, industrial, medical, law, and special libraries, except as they functioned as public libraries.

Most of Utah’s earliest public libraries were operated and supported by private individuals and organizations. As private support proved insufficient, however, cities and towns began to take up this responsibility. In the year …

The Influence Of Various Energy Sources On Microbial Protein Synthesis From Biuret As Determined By Artificial Rumen Fermentation, Jenny Eggleston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, cornstarch, crested wheatgrass, glucose, molasses and solka floc were fermented with rumen fluid obtained from sheep that were adapted or unadapted to feed grade biuret (Kedlor) in their diet. Each rumen fluid and substrate combination was subjected to three nitrogen treatments: (1) control, (2) nitrogen added as feed grade biuret and (3) reagent grade biuret in a factoral arrangement of treatments. In vitro fermentations were terminated at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the protein nitrogen insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was determined.

Molasses and cornstarch fermentation residues increased while barley, crested wheatgrass, glucose and solka floc decreased …

The Effects Of Telone And Related Compounds On The Synthesis And Degradation Of Carotenoids In Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The incorporation of 3-¹⁴C-,B-hydroxy-, B-methylglutaric acid (HMG) vii into carotenoids of excised etiolated maize shoots, crude cell free extracts and soluble extracts (20, 000 x g) of maize was investigated. HMG was effectively incorporated into carotenoids of excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts. The excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts incorporated 2-¹⁴C-mevalonic acid (MVA) into carotenoids as well. The results indicated the presence of HMG-CoA reductase in the plant as well as an HMG activating enzyme. The soluble extract showed a pH optimum of 7. 0 for incorporation of HMG into …

Serum Lipids And Urinary Estrogens Of Non-Pregnant Menstruating Young Women, Shiao-Fan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twelve university women students served as experimental subjects in a study of the serum lipids and urinary estrogens of healthy nonpregnant menstruating young women, who were living under their usual conditions.

The subjects maintained constant weight on their ordinary diets during the entire study period. Antecubital blood and 24-hour urine specimens were collected on certain days which represented different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative analyses were made on serum total cholesterol, lipid phosphorus (phospholipids), triglycerides and total lipids. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of each serum lipid component was also made. Urinary estrone, 17β- estradiol and …

Comparative Study Of Four-Year-Old Preschool Children In The Area Of Conservation, Joleen Mae Harwood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if four-year-old children are able to conserve and to investigate the influence of social class and sex on the development of this capacity. Collection of data was accomplished by interviewing forty preschool children on three conservation tasks, discontinuous quantity, continuous quantity, and mass. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that the development of the capacity to conserve is so limited among four-year-old preschool children that the influence of social class and sex of the child on conservation ability remains unknown.

The Use Of A Phonetic Approach To Reading With Three And Four-Year-Old Children, F. Walda Hopkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to determine if girls of preschool ages find more success in learning letters of the alphabet, their sounds, and simple two and three letter words formed from these letters, than boys of similar ages; and in addition to compare the achievement of three-year-old children to that of four-year-old children.

The children were introduced to six letters of the alphabet and the sound associated with these letters. They were then introduced to sixteen two and three-letter words that could be formed from these letters. At the conclusion of the ten tasks, a post test was …

The Development Of A Value Scale To Assess Familial And Social Values, Donna Marie Cole

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to develop a self-evaluating instrument to assess family and social values . It can be used individually or in small group s of students at the senior high school or Junior college level . The variables rated are: familial, religious, sexual, and social values. The instrument is self-scoring and a schema is provided at the end of the test booklet to ind1cate the pattern of values as they are compared to the median or average scheme for the instrument.

The 36 items in the scale are responded to by a forced choice design of …

Hour Concept Learning In Pre-School Children, Faye Daines Campbell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of sex and tutorial instructions were studied as they influence the hour concept development of the pre-school child. The research was conducted at Utah State University Child Development Laboratories with twenty-two, three to five-year-old children enrolled at the time. Each child received three training sessions with the author.

It was found that the twenty-two children who had received individualized instruction on the hour concept showed a significant concept of a clock when the large hand was always constant on the numeral twelve.

The findings indicate that there was no significant difference between boys and girls on their ability …

Phosphorus Distribution In The Bottom Sediments Of Hyrum Reservoir, Kirk L. Schmalz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The distribution of phosphorus in the sediment of Hyrum Reservoir was studied by collecting and analyzing 84 sediment samples for total, inorganic, organic, and water-soluble phosphorus.

Sample locations were mapped by triangulation and sediment phosphorus distribution maps were made. Sediment analysis showed average total phosphorus content of 755 micrograms per gram, with organic phosphorus composing approximately 97 percent of total phosphorus.

Sediment samples showed variability in phosphorus content which precluded identification of point sources of phosphorus input to the reservoir. Several areas of comparatively higher phosphorus content in the sediments were shown with isopleth maps.

An estimate of the extent …

An Evaluation Of The Secondary Teacher Education Program At Utah State University By Selected Graduates, Dallas Lloyd Holmes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Introduction

The present study attempted to identify the strengths and limitations of the Utah State University teacher preparation program, Recommendations of improvements and changes in the program were based on the evaluations of graduates of the teacher preparation program. Information was gathered to determine if any difference in graduate evaluations of the program would be found based on the graduate's sex, age at graduation, community size teaching in, number of years of teaching experience, secondary major area of preparation, and the college graduated from.

Method

A questionnaire was developed to survey the evaluations of the graduates of the teacher preparation …

Economic Rent Values For Pheasant Hunting In Utah, Braulio Rodriguez V.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A conceptual model relating recreation resource values to the concept of economic rent was developed. The model argues that recreation sites possess both quality and location characteristics which serve as rent producing agents. Sites of better quality extract economic rents relative to those of lesser quality while those located most advantageously to user origins earn location rents relative to those more distantly located. The economic rent values are expressed by the differential use costs and recreationist activity associated with individual site usage.

A methodological procedure was developed which generates estimates of total rent values for a given site. The procedure …

Open-Closed Mindedness Of Students In Teacher Education And In Other College Fields, W. Blair Low

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Purpose of the Study

This study sought to determine if teacher education students in two institutions of higher education were more authoritarian or closed minded than students in other fields of study. In addition, the study was designed to explore the relationship of other variables--sex, religious affiliation, church attendance, and city size and state of child residency-- to open-closed mindedness.

Methods and Procedures

Participating in this study were 1049 junior and senior students from Utah State University and 837 subjects from Weber State College. Subjects were primarily from a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) subculture. All subjects were administered the F Scale …

Market Structure Analysis Of Fertilizer Distribution In Utah, John C. Welty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to ascertain the contribution of various structural variables to a growing, efficient system of fertilizer distribution in the state of Utah. A questionnaire to survey the fertilizer distributors was used as a source of data. Information was obtained about structural changes in a five-year period, 1965 to 1970. A multiple regression program was used to synthesize these data to determine which variables were most significant and how much they contributed to an increase in total value of fertilizer sales. While empirical data were obtained only for structural dimensions of the industry, marketing theory was …

The Effectiveness Of Categorical Variables In Discriminant Function Analysis, Preston Jay Waite

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A preliminary study of the feasibility of using categorical variables in discriminant function analysis was performed. Data including both continuous and categorical variables were used and predictive results examined.

The discriminant function techniques were found to be robust enough to include the use of categorical variables.

Some problems were encountered with using the trace criterion for selecting the most discriminating variables when these variables are categorical. No monotonic relationship was found to exist between the trace and the number of correct predictions.

This study did show that the use of categorical variables does have much potential as a statistical tool …

Investigations Into The Microbial Ecology And Limnology Of Hyrum Reservoir, In Northern Utah, Kenneth Maxwell Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of preliminary investigations was carried out to determine the factors promoting the dense, late summer waterblooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aguae in Hyrum Reservoir in northern Utah. Attempts were made to culture the Aphanizomenon in the ASM-8a medium of O'Flaherty and Phinney (J. Phycol. 6:95-97. 1970), but no growth was obtained and the algae soon lysed. Cultures were maintained, without growth, for more than four months in a lake water--lake sediment medium at 17 C under 1500 lux flourescent light.

Dissolved oxygen measurements using an in situ probe revealed the development of a sharp oxycline during the summer months; on …

Ecology Of Badgers In Curlew Valley, Utah And Idaho With Emphasis On Movement And Activity Patterns, Frederick G. Lindzey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Between March, 1969 and July, 1970, 16 badgers (Taxidea taxus) were caught and fitted with radio transmitters in the southern part of Curlew Valley. The animals were followed telemetrically; seven animals contributed sufficient data from which home-range, movement and activity patterns could be discerned. The aver age annual home-range size of five females was 664 acres (± s.d. 99 .5 acres). Female home-range sizes were approximately the same within crested wheat-grass (Agropyron aristatum) and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) vegetation types, with greater distances traveled each night by females in the crested wheat-grass. Both home-range size and total movement were less …

An Evaluation Of The Application Of Survey Research To Public Administration: A Case Study Of The Utah State University Merrill Library, Richard Allan Jenson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Libraries,like many other governmental organizations,have a peculiar difficulty assessing how well they are able to serve their clientele. The reason is that they have no measure of success, such as profits or votes. The only measure is usually vocal communications such as complaints, suggestions, compliments or criticisms. Some of these suggestions are valid, but placing one's judgment on these communications can be very tenuous, and not necessarily representative of the desires of a majority of the clientele.

The purpose of this research was to test the use of survey research as an aid to the public administrator. The intent was …

Linear Programming As A Decision Tool In Cheese Manufacturing Plants, Mark S. Huber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis considered the potential benefits of employing linear programming in cheese manufacturing plants as a decision tool for management. Its potential has been enhanced by the recent approval of acid orange 12 as a chemical for testing the percent protein in milk; therefore, a practical test is now available for monitoring protein as well as milk fat in milk manufacturing and fluid milk plants.

Seven models, each one differing only in the milk fat and protein percentages or means of standardizing the cheese milk, were manipulated individually and simultaneously to test the managerial benefits of linear programming under various …

An Economic Appraisal Of On-Farm Water Management Practices In Developing Countries: A Study Of Summer Rice Production In Guayas Rivers Basin, Ecuador, Thomas L. White

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to examine rice production methods, with special emphasis on irrigation-water management practices used by producers from all levels of management in the Guayas River Basin, Ecuador. To do this, rice producers were divided into four categories on the basis of the level of mechanization of their operation, use of purchased inputs, and the level of investment in irrigation facilities and general management practices. The levels of investment in irrigation facilities ranged from 7,000 to 500 sucres per hectare, and mechanization of production varied from almost total use of machinery for cultivation operations to …

Economic Impact Of Meeting Environmental Standards On Utah Cattle Feeders, P. Parry Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis is an analysis and description of pollution problems caused by large feedlots in Utah. A description of pollution caused by cattle feedlots is undertaken as part of the study.

The 26 feedlots analyzed had a capacity to/or did feed over 1,000 head. They were broken down into four groups on the basis of their pollution problems: those having no apparent pollution problem, those having minor problems, those having major problems, and those requiring relocation.

The cost impact of meeting environmental standards with regard to runoff control was found to be very slight for the cattle feeding industry as …

A Descriptive Study Of The Role Of The Teacher Aide In The Home Economics Classes Of The State Of Utah, Carol Zeneth Isrealsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The definition of aide for this study was a non-certified person in the classroom who aids and assists the professional with non-related tasks.

The present role of the teacher aide in Home Economics was described and suggested guidelines for future aide utilization were proposed.

The study was conducted in three phases : 1) Personal Interviews were conducted of three teacher aides and two teachers presently employed in Utah. 2) Correspondence with fifty program directors or teachers using aides in other states. 3) Time-Activity analysis of 12 junior and senior high Home Economics teachers.

Instruments used were: 1) A twelve item …

N-Achievement Motivation Of Male Navaho Indian Students As Measured By An Acculturated N-Achievement Scale, Rex C. Ivory

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The problem which formed the basis of this research was to answer the question: "Can an acculturated version of McClelland's original n-Achievement scale be significantly more effective in measuring n-Achievement motivation of male Navaho Indian subjects than McClelland's original n-Achievement scale?" An answer to this question would hopefully be reason enough for using an acculturated n-Achievement scale to provide new information relative to the Navaho Indian's need to achieve.

The major underlying objective of this study was to develop a more effective projective scale than McClelland in measuring a Navaho Indian's n-Achievement motivation. This objective was not reached; however, the …

Investigation Of One Aspect Of Initiative That Is Subsumed Under Self-Concept And Its Relationship To Performance, John Edmund Genasci

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many children fail to achieve academic success despite an average or above average intellectual capacity, unimpaired motor ability, intact sensory functions, and an absence of major emotional disturbance. These same children have been assigned such descriptive terms as "underachievers" and "children with psycho-neurological disabilities."

It may be more apt to assume that these children who are underachieving and obtaining poor grades do so from lack of feeling of personal initiative and personal control over events in their lives.

This study attempts to investigate initiative as clinically observed and its effect upon tasks requiring an active analytical approach to problem solving. …

Conditioning Verbal Behavior: The Effect Of Experimenter Baseline Behavior On The Conditioning Of Opinion Statements Emitted By Undergraduate Students, William E. Greable

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The general purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the operant conditioner's behavior during the baseline upon subsequent operant conditioning of opinion statements emitted by freshmen undergraduate students. Specifically, the study attempted to answer the following research questions:

1. Is it possible to systematically condition opinion statements in a verbal conditioning situation that resembles a counseling interview?
2. Does the behavior of the operant conditioner during the baseline have any influence on subsequent conditioning of opinion statements in a verbal conditioning situation resembling a counseling interview?
3. Is there a difference in the number of opinion statements emitted in a …