Digital Commons Network^™

Proposed Rehabilitation And Betterment Program- Draft, United States Department Of The Interior

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

World Sheet Diffeomorphisms And The Canonical String, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

The degree to which the phase space of a closed bosonic string carries a representation of the two‐dimensional diffeomorphism group Diff(M) is investigated. In particular, homomorphic mappings from the associated Lie algebra diff(M) into the Poisson algebra of functions on three natural phase spaces associated with the string are constructed. Two of these spaces are extended phase spaces based on the conformal and harmonic gauges, respectively. The third space is essentially the original phase space; the homomorphism in this case relies on the validity of the light‐cone gauge. Homomorphisms from diff(M) into the extended phase spaces of the Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky formalism …

Journal Of Mormon History Vol. 15, 1989

Journal of Mormon History

• --Irreconcilable Differences: David H. Smith's Relationship with the Muse of Mormon History

Valeen Tippetts Avery, 3

• --The New England Origins of Mormonism Revisited

Grant Underwood, 15

• --Anti-Mormonism in Illinois: Thomas C. Sharp's Unfinished History of the Mormon War, 1845

Roger D. Launius, 27

• Houses with Two Fronts: The Evolution of Domestic Architectural Design in a Mormon Community

Keith Bennett and Thomas Carter, 47

• --The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality

Paul H. Peterson, 59

• --Modern Lysistratas: Mormon Women in the International Peace Movement, 1899-1939

Leonard J. Arrington, 89

• --From the Age of Science to an …

Effect Of Heating To 200 C On Casein Micelles In Milk: A Metal Shadowing And Negative Staining Electron Microscope Study, V. R. Harwalkar, Paula Allan-Wojtas, Miloslav Kalab

Food Structure

Milk was heated to 200 C for 3 min in sealed inverted-Y-shaped glass vials and reacted with a glutaraldehyde solution at that temperature. Electron microscopy of the metal-shadowed and negatively stained samples revealed that casein micelles in the milk did not disintegrate extensively at the high-temperature used but, rather, became enlarged. Some of them were found to be either clustered or distorted.

Use Of Image Analysis To Predict Milling Extraction Rates Of Wheats, A. D. Evers, R. P. Withey

Food Structure

Image analysis of grain morphological characteristics was examined as a possible means of predicting extraction rates of a wide variety of wheat types.

Two elevations of grain were examined and measured for the top view whole grains were used, while for the lateral view grains were sagittally bisected in the plane of the crease. Extraction rate was assessed on laboratory mills and expressed as flour yield.

Milling extraction rate correlated with one shape factor with a coefficient of 0.78. Inclusion of a second factor in a stepwise regression increased the correlation coefficient to 0.925.

No satisfactory predictor of extraction rate …

Influence Of The Extrusion Process On Characteristics And Structure Of Pasta, M. Ambrogina Pagani, Plerpaolo Resmini, Gerardo Dalbon

Food Structure

The effects of the kneading and forming process or pasta quality have been investigated. Using the same blend of wheat flour and keeping mixing and drying conditions constant, three types of spaghetti were produced using the following three kneading and forming processes: A) kneading with a continuous press and forming by pressure-extrusion; B) kneading and forming by sheeting-rolls; C) kneading by hand and forming with sheeting-rolls. These three processes impart different mechanical work on the dough.

The three types of dried spaghetti exhibited differences in cooking requirements and in cooing quality. Spaghetti (A) absorbed water more slowly and showed poor …

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

40ar/39ar Age Constraints On Deformation And Metamorphism In The Maine Central Thrust Zone And Tibetan Slab, Eastern Nepal Himalaya, Mary S. Hubbard, T. M. Harrison

Geosciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nonadditive Effects In Hf And Hcl Trimers, G. Chalasinski, S. M. Cybulski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Nonadditive effects are calculated for (HF)₃ and (HCl)₃ complexes and analyzed via the combination of perturbation theory of intermolecular forces with Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MPPT). In both systems the nonadditivity is dominated by the self‐consistent field (SCF) deformation effect, i.e., mutual polarization of the monomer wavefunctions. Heitler–London exchange and correlation effects are of secondary importance. Three‐body terms exhibit much lesser basis set dependence than the two‐body effects and even quite moderate basis sets which are not accurate enough for treatment of two‐body forces can yield three‐body effects of quantitative quality. This is due in large measure to the …

Analysis Of The Potential Energy Surface Of Ar–Nh3, G. Chalasinski, S. M. Cybulski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential energy surface of Ar–NH₃. Anisotropy of the self‐consistent field (SCF) potential is determined by the first‐order exchange repulsion. Second‐order dispersion energy, the dominating attractive contribution, is anisotropic in the reciprocal sense to the first‐order exchange, i.e., minima in one nearly coincide with maxima in the other. The estimated second‐order correlation correction to the exchange effect is nearly as large as a half ΔE^SCF in the minimum and has a ‘‘smoothing’’ effect on the anisotropy of …

Judgments Of Restrictiveness, Social Acceptability, And Usage: Review Of Research On Procedures To Decrease Behavior, Robert L. Morgan

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

Research on professionals’, consumers’, and others’ judgments of the restrictiveness, social acceptability, and estimated frequency of use of procedures to decrease behavior were reviewed. General findings were that (a) respondents generally were consistent in rating procedures from least to most restrictive; (b) most respondents agreed that procedures judged more restrictive should be used as a last resort; (c) more restrictive procedures were not frequently used in practice; (d) respondents generally agreed that less restrictive procedures were more socially acceptable, and vice versa; and (e) the social acceptability of procedures changed as a function of contextual variables. Problems related to research …

Quantitative Margin Analysis In The Scanning Electron Microscope., J. F. Roulet, T. Reich, U. Blunck, M. Noack

Scanning Microscopy

Interface between restorative materials and tooth hard substances must be morphologically as perfect as possible to avoid plaque accumulation and subsequent secondary caries or pulpal diseases. Therefore the marginal behavior of restorations is an important parameter to predict their longevity.

Morphologically, the quality of margins is characterized by different well defined criteria. Using a replica technique it is possible to assess the complete marginal circumference of restorations in the SEM. Margins of restorations show a large variety of their morphology. This publication describes a method to quantify the quality of dental restorations.

The restoration margins are traced on the SEM …

Complementary Surface Characterization Of Chalcopyrite By Electron Microscopy, Electron Spectroscopy, And Optical Reflectance, P. H. Ruzakowski, P. H. Holloway, G. Remond

Scanning Microscopy

Surface oxidation of polished natural specimens of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) at temperature between 23°C and 300°C in air has been characterized by Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The reaction products consisted of an outer iron oxide layer and an intermediate copper rich sulfide layer. Several different oxides and sulfides were consistent with the electron spectroscopy data, so specimens were analyzed as a function of time and temperature at selected 20 μm diameter areas with an optical microreflectometer (OMR). Since the optical properties of a compound are unique, a reflectance model with three homogeneous layers was used to calculate …

Optical Design Considerations In Confocal Scanning Microscopy, T. Wilson

Scanning Microscopy

We review the properties and applications of confocal optical systems. We concentrate on non-fluorescent reflection systems and on applications which make use of the unique optical sectioning property of these instruments to provide three-dimensional images. A crucial design choice concerns the form and size of the detector. We therefore concentrate on the role of the detector size on the strength of the optical sectioning. We find that although the sectioning becomes weaker as the detector sizes where the sectioning remains essentially constant. We also consider the role of lens aberrations which are inevitably present and find, inter alia, that these …

Visualization And Analysis Techniques For Three Dimensional Information Acquired By Confocal Microscopy, G. J. Brakenhoff, H. T. M. Van Der Voort, M. W. Baarslag, B. Mans, J. L. Oud, R. Zwart, R. Van Driel

Scanning Microscopy

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) is particularly well suited for the acquisition of 3-dimensional data of microscopic objects. In the CSLM a specific volume in the object is sampled during the imaging process and the result is stored in a digital computer as a three-dimensional memory array. Optimal use of these data requires both the development of effective visual representations as well as analysis methods. In addition to the well known stereoscopic representation method a number of alternatives for various purposes are presented. When rendering in terms of solid-looking or semitransparent objects is required, an algorithm based on a simulated …

Monte Carlo Calculations Of Secondary Electron Emission, Suichu Luo, David C. Joy

Scanning Microscopy

Monte Carlo calculations of slow secondary electron (SE) generation have been performed. Construction of a model for SE production involves three distinct steps, determining the trajectory of the incident electron, computing the rate of secondary electron generation along the trajectory of both primary and backscattered electrons, and finally calculating the secondary electron emission by using a hybrid model of the exponential decay law and cascade process. The incident electron trajectory is computed using a plural scattering Monte Carlo model. For secondary electron generation our models take into account all possible creation processes of SE resulting from the interaction of primary …

Quantitative Electron Microprobe Analysis Of Cryosections, Albert J. Saubermann

Scanning Microscopy

There are numerous approaches to preparation and analysis of biological specimens which have been developed in many laboratories involving the use of cryosections. Because there is no clear consensus on how such samples should be produce or analyzed, it can be a formidable problem to choose or even review possible options. Therefore, it is the purpose of this tutorial to consider, in an instructional manner the problems of specimen preparation and analysis in terms of the solutions and procedures used by the author. The discussion, consequently. focuses on the problems of specimen preparation and analysis as seen by the author. …

Tubuloreticular Reorganization Of Cytomembranes In Cells Treated With With Human Alpha Interferons - A Review, P. M. Grimley, S. Ray, M. Kostianovsky, B. Rupp, Y. -H. Kang, D. Feldman

Scanning Microscopy

Human alpha interferons (IFN-a) cause a reorganization of internal cell membranes into tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI). Morphogenesis and cytochemistry indicate a pre-Golgi intracisternal origin from the endoplasmic reticulum. Clinically, TRI formation in human blood mononuclear cells correlates with systemic IFN-a treatment or with endogenous overproduction of IFN-a in viral or autoimmune diseases (e.g., rubella syndrome, AIDS, systemic lupus erythematosus). In vitro, TRI formation can be produced by treatment of Daudi lymphoblasts or vascular endothelial cells with IFN-a, and is blocked by actinomycin-D. In Daudi lymphoblasts or vascular endothelial cell cultures, TRI formation parallels induction of 2'-5' A synthetase, inhibition of …

A New Versatile Holder For The Calibrating Standard Used For Quantitative Analysis In Jeol 840 Sem, Michael Dvorachek

Scanning Microscopy

An improved holder has been designed for a cobalt calibrating standard used in an EDS Link 10,000 system attached to a JEOL 840 SEM. This holder allows the calibration of the EDS software for a wide range of samples differing in size, surface and height. These differences usually cause difficulties during quantitative analyses. The new holder allows the position of the cobalt to be adjusted according to the size and height of the sample.

Coherence In Energy Loss Spectra Of Plasmons, P. Schattschneider, P. Pongratz

Scanning Microscopy

Theoretical approaches to coherent excitation of two plasmons in a metal do not well agree with one another and with experimental results from electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). We measured EELS spectra of polycrystalline aluminum films for various specimen thickness. By means of a new deconvolution method for multiple scattering, we obtained values between 0.6% and 3.3% for the probability F₂ of the coherent double plasmon event, relative to the single plamon event.

A review of earlier experimental as well as theoretical investigations is given. Our results together with a discussion of possible sources of error confirm our earlier …

Dynamic Analyses Of Lymphoblast Membranes Exposed To Alpha Interferon Using Flow Cytometry And Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, E. Balint, A. Aszalos, P. S. Pine, P. M. Grimley

Scanning Microscopy

Interferons represent a major group of the biologic response modifiers which exert multipotent effects upon cell growth, cytodifferentiation and immune functions. Previous experimental studies with alpha interferon (IFN-𝝰) have suggested that modulation of transmembrane signaling could be a critical determinant in the bioregulatory diversity. To determine whether any initial changes at the plasma membrane would directly correlate with one or more actions of IFN-𝝰, we investigated cultures of Daudi lymphoblasts which are uniquely susceptible to growth inhibition. Complementary biophysical techniques were applied. In one approach, changes in plasma membrane ion flux were measured by flow cytometry, using a fluorescent dye …

The Floating Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistor, A Device For Low Kv E-Beam Charging Evaluations, P. Girard

Scanning Microscopy

Today the scanning electron microscope has become the tool for investigations on integrated circuits. In e-beam testing ore-beam reconfiguration of VLSI, the effective charging conditions of top oxides are important. However due to the insulator nature of the zone impinged by the electrons, it is generally difficult to obtain quantitative information. Here we present and illustrate the use of floating gate MOS transistors for charging determination. The basic equations are derived from a physical model and a comparison is made with the evolution of the electrical characteristics of the devices under charge deposition. The effective charging yields are determined in …

Backscattered Electrons And Their Influence On Contrast In The Scanning Electron Microscope, F. Hasselbach, H. -R. Krauss

Scanning Microscopy

The backscattered electron (BSE) induced secondaries (SE2) emerge from an area that is usually many orders of magnitude larger than the area in which the impinging primary probe releases secondary electrons (SE1). These SE2 secondary electrons form a) an undesired background signal in high resolution scanning micrographs and b) are responsible for the well known proximity effect in electron beam lithography. In this paper we focus our attention on the first topic exclusively: we discuss the complex influence of the SE2 on contrast in SEM micrographs (neglecting the components SE3 and SE4). We do this on the basis of our …

Utah Science Vol. 49 No. 3, Fall 1988

Utah Science

58 COLOR DEFECTS OF FRESH AND COOKED MEAT D. Cornforth Fresh meat is supposed to be bright cherry red, and cooked meat isn't A food scientist explains how the opposite. occurs occasionally.

66 MINIMIZING BROWSING DAMAGE BY DEER: LANDSCAPE PLANNING FOR WILDUFE D. D. Austin and A. B. Hash A little bit of planning can make life a lot easier for deer as well as homeowners ..

71 THE U.S. LIVING COLLECTION OF PERENNIAL TRITICEAE GRASSES D. R. Dewey The Triticeae grasses have several attributes of immeasurable value if incorporated in other species. The IS-acre collection near Logan is helping …

Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Unsteady Groundwater Management, Richard C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Presented are alternative techniques for including conservative solute transport within computer models for optimizing groundwater extraction rates. Unsteady two-dimensional flow and dispersed conservative solute transport are assumed. Comparisons are made of the practicality of including modified forms of implicit and explicit finite difference solute transport equations within optimization models. These equations can be calibrated and subsequently used within a MODCON procedure. The MODCON modelling procedure consists of an integrated series of five optimization or simulation modules. The procedure is applicable for either an entire aquifer system or for a subsystem of a larger system. The first module, A, computes physically …

Design Of The U2 Experiment Ground Support Equipment, Paul Panneton

Small Satellite Conference

Small satellites and sensor payloads aboard larger spacecraft can benefit from ground support equipment (GSE) which reduces the time and cost of developing and flight qualifying space instruments. User friendly microcomputers and a comprehensive system design make such GSE possible and, due to the availability of high speed processors with real-time operating systems, even sophisticated instruments can be accommodated. This was demonstrated by The Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU / APL) during its work with the U2 Experiment, part of the Strategic Defense Initiative Office's Delta 181 Mission. The U2 Experiment, an orbiting multi-sensor optical emissions instrument, …

Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (Star) - A Distributed Small Satellite Network, Philip Tomlinson, Thomas Brown, Dayamoy Chakraborty

Small Satellite Conference

The Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (STAR) concept evolved from the DoD need for an affordable, launchable, survivable, and expandable Space-Based Radar for wide-area surveillance of airborne targets and for ballistic missile defense applications. Because low-observable threats can undermine conventional large monolithic Space-Based Radar satellite designs by forcing power-aperture products (inversely proportional to target radar cross-section) so high that the resulting heavy and expensive satellite could not be built or launched, innovative solutions are needed. One such solution is the use of a tether concept which derives strength and stability by tension rather than stiffness and bulk. The tether concept avoids …

Low Cost Molnyia Spacecraft For Navigation/Communications Missions, J Radbone

Small Satellite Conference

Although the Molniya orbit has been widely used by the Soviet Union for many years in support of a variety of communications, science and navigation missions, its advantages have never really been exploited in the west. The Molniya orbit offers improved communications at high latitudes particularly for mobile communications plays an important part in the NAVSAT navigation system constellation and offers scientists an opportunity to undertake scientific measurement over a variety of altitudes and hence environmental conditions with a single spacecraft. Surrey Satellite Technology have recently completed a study to assess the feasibility, and then to propose a preliminary design …

A Brief Survey Of Attitude Control Systems For Small Satellites Using Momentum Concepts, Ali Siahpush, Janet Gleave

Small Satellite Conference

High-accuracy pointing capabilities are desired for many three-axis stabilized small satellites. Momentum-based attitude control system actuators, initially developed for larger satellites, are being utilized by small satellites to meet these pointing requirements. This paper provides an overview of momentum devices available for small satellite applications and three-axis attitude control system (ACS) configurations using these devices. Factors affecting the selection and sizing of ACS components are also addressed. Included are suggestions for potential ACS improvements and cost-saving measures that will make momentum devices more accessible to the small satellite community.

The Development Of An Attitude Sensing System For Small Satellites, Wedad Abdou, Sawat Tantiphanwadi

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes the attitude sensing system developed by Globesat, Inc. for its gravity-gradient-stabilized satellites. Compactness, low cost, low power, and high performance were the main considerations of the system design. The sensor is based on a commercial CCD video camera for imaging the sun and the horizon. The images are digitized by a frame grabber and then processed for attitude computation. The system has a field of view of 90 X 360 and can determine attitude to 10 or better. Using the sun and nadir vectors as references, the orientation of the satellite with respect to the Earth is …