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Effects Of Stabilizers And Ph Adjustments On Milk Proteins In Uht-Treated Citrus Juice/Skim Milk Blend Drink, Sandra M. Newman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A UHT-processed skim milk (85%)/orange juice (15%) drink was developed. Product integrity and stability were maintained by two methods. Proper homogenization of the blend before UHT processing stabilized a drink formulation containing .25% carboxymethyl cellulose and .025% carrageenan. Adjusting the pH of the blend (pH 6.3 and 6.5) resulted in a different stabilization. After 28 days at room temperature, settling of milk solids was 5.2% of volume height in the prehomogenized sample and 86.9% of volume height in the same blend that had not been homogenized prior to UHT processing. After storage, the two treatments were analyzed to verify that …

The Effect Of Computer-Assisted Nutrition Education On Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Status, Dietary Compliance, And Quality Of Life Of Hemodialysis Patients, Julianne Stewart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition education utilizing computerized dietary analysis on nutrition knowledge, dietary compliance, nutrition status, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients of the Bonneville Dialysis Center in Ogden, Utah voluntarily agreed to participate in this six-month study. All participants completed quality of life assessments, the Beck Depression Inventory© (BDI), and a nutrition knowledge assessment pre- and post-study. Patients in the treatment group (n=12) completed monthly 3-day food records which were analyzed by Computrition® nutrient analysis software. Results were discussed with the patients during one-on-one education sessions. Control patients (n=8) completed …

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Of Adolescent Depression: Effects On Multiple Parameters, Steven E. Curtis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Clinical depression is the most frequently reported mental health problem for adolescents. Previously studied psychological treatment approaches for adolescent depression have recently been combined and packaged into a comprehensive psychoeducational intervention titled the Adolescent Coping With Depression Course (ACWDC). This study investigated whether treatment of clinically depressed adolescents using the ACWDC resulted in significant emotional, behavioral, and/or academic performance changes as reported by the adolescent, and observed by the parents and teachers.

Nineteen clinically depressed adolescents were identified by screening 876 students in a local high school, using a multistage screening procedure. All selected subjects met the DSM III-R criteria …

The Influence Of Social Support On The Stress Level Of Parents With Disabled Children, Shannon J. Pratt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the relationship between social support and stress in 572 families of disabled children in various parts of the United States. To utilize multidimensional models such as Dunst's ecological model and the Double ABCX model of stress, additional variables were investigated; these included family characteristics and recent life events (FILE). A regression design was used, with family characteristics, recent life events (FILE), perceived helpfulness of social support (FSS), and perceived adequacy of resources (FRS) as independent variables, and parental stress (PSI) as the dependent variable (PSI). Helpfulness of social support, recent life events, and family characteristics all predicted …

The Effect Of Dyad Interaction And Marital Adjustment On Cognitive Performance In Everyday Logical Problem Solving, Donna R. B. Rogers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The theory of formal operations as a final stage of adult development has come under criticism for various reasons, primarily the overemphasis on logical thought processes which are based on invariant and absolute rules within a closed system. Everyday problems, in contrast, are typically "open-ended" and are defined by the context in which they are embedded.

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive behaviors that occurred between two individuals as they cooperatively worked together to solve logical problems. Of interest were the effects of marital adjustment on cognitive performance, the relation between social behaviors, marital adjustment, and cognition, …

The Impact Of Psychosocial Variables On Immune System Functioning In A Sample Of Hiv-Positive Males, Gary K. Richey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study addressed the issue of the relationship between psychological well-being and immune function in a sample of HIV seropositive homosexual and bisexual males. A control group of HIV seronegative gay males was included. The study assessed the relationship between various psychological independent variables and immune system functioning over a 24-month time period for the seropositive subjects. Data on depression, coping style, psychosocial stress, and psychomatic symptoms were collected at baseline, as well as data on depression at 12 months and CD4 counts at 6-month intervals over a 2-year period. Preliminary analyses comparing HIV seropositive to HIV seronegative subjects showed …

Cognitive Variables And Marital Satisfaction, Carol Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Researchers and therapists have given increasing attention and recognition to the cognitive components of marital distress. Numerous investigators have attempted to identify and operationalize key cognitive variables that are related to marital satisfaction. In doing so, researchers have looked at the differences between distressed and nondistressed couples in relation to certain categories of cognitive variables, hoping to demonstrate that a significant relationship exists between certain types of cognition and marital satisfaction. Although investigators agree that certain categories of cognition are directly related to marital satisfaction, there is no clear consensus on the degree of influence that these cognitive variables have …

The Relationship Between Students' Evaluation Of Faculty And Students' Grades, Eun-Hee Shin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study examined (a) the relationship between the grade students expect to receive and their evaluation rating, (b) the relationship between students' prior cumulative GPA and their evaluation rating, and (c) to what extent do other variables account for the relationship between grade and evaluation rating.

The present study found a significant, consistent relationship between students' expected grades and their evaluation ratings of professor. The relationship between students' cumulative GPA and ratings is negligible and should not be considered an important score of bias. The implication of this study is that great caution should be exercised when using such ratings …

Effect Of Various Growth-Promoting Factors On Preimplantation Bovine Embryo Development In Vitro, Mark Randall Flood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to define the effects of various growth-promoting factors on in vitro embryonic development of in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. The control medium was a chemically defined medium which improves the possibility of closely determining the in vivo conditions the embryo is actually exposed to. The growth-promoting factors tested in this experiment included transferrin, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-one), IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor-two), TGF-𝛼 (transforming growth factor-alpha), TGF-𝛽1 (transforming growth factor-beta1), PDGF (platelet derived growth factor), EGF (epidermal growth factor), NGF (nerve growth factor), and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor). Transferrin was …

Implications Of Mediating Parent-Child Interactions In The Treatment Of Child Abuse, Connie Faye Nelke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Child abuse has been shown to have a detrimental effect on the emotion development of the abused child. Due to a history with the parent that includes a high proportion of negative interactions and an impaired parent-child relationship, the child who has been subjected to physical abuse often manifests psychological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that treatment aimed at increasing the frequency of positive interaction in the parent-child relationship had on the emotional status of the abused child. Results showed that parent-child interaction play sessions were effective in increasing positive interaction and decreasing subsequent …

Circulating Antibodies To Thymic Antigens In Autism And Alzheimer's Disease, Chih-Li Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Abnormal T lymphocyte reactions in both autism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported. This research investigated the possibility that these abnormalities may involve circulating antithymic antibodies. Plasma samples from autistic patients, AD patients, and normal-matched controls were tested for reactivity against murine thymocytes.

In the first of 3 studies results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were statistically significant for binding (P < 0.001) between antithymic antibodies in plasmas of AD patients and murine thymocytes. Binding (P < 0.05) in low dilutions (1/2.5 and 1/5} of autistic patient plasmas was also observed. In the second study, plasmas of neither autistic nor AD patients significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of thymic cells in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-l} and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In the third study, no significant increases (P > 0.05) in cytotoxic activities were detected using AD patient plasmas and both untreated and heat-treated autistic patient plasmas. After further testing, these heat-treated plasmas diluted 1/64 and 1/128 had increased cytotoxicities (P < 0.05) when rabbit complement was added, an indication that cytotoxicity of antithymic antibodies is complement dependent.

Therefore, circulating antithymic antibodies may …

A Review Of Graphite And Gold Surface Studies For Use As Substrates In Biological Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies, Carol R. Clemmer, Thomas P. Beebe Jr.

Scanning Microscopy

The current status of biological Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) investigations and the importance of using a well-characterized substrate are discussed. The findings of over two years of experiments and over 1,000 images obtained on gold substrates prepared by a variety of different methods are statistically summarized and compared to a very flat reference substrate, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). In an effort to begin to corroborate STM results with those obtained from other more established techniques, the results of Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) of biomolecular STM samples are presented.

News 2000: Not My Kid! Journalists Leery Of Newspapers’ Future, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Utah Science Vol. 53 No. 1, Spring 1992

Utah Science

3 Preparing Students for the 21st Century

11 Welcoming New Students and New Ideas

13 Research in Brief

23 Hands ...for a Hands-On Education

26 Concurrent Credit Enrollment in Agriculture: The Evidence is Mixed

29 Increasing the Department's Role in Research

The Interpretation Of X-Ray And Electron Signals Generated In Thin Or Layered Targets, R. H. Packwood, G. Remond

Scanning Microscopy

This work outlines the development of a comprehensive theory for the electron probe microanalyser and scanning electron microscope or SEM, that is intended to serve as a framework of understanding for those employing electron beam methods and as a basis for improved correction procedures. There is particular emphasis on applications to layered and non-uniform specimens. Starting from a simple Gaussian depth distribution of electrons and making assumptions about the X-ray production, a series of predictions of X-ray and electron signals are made for various target configurations. When compared with experimental measurements a series of interesting discoveries follow, which, taken altogether, …

Image Processing Procedures For Analysis Of Electron Back Scattering Patterns, N. C. Krieger Lassen, D. Juul Jensen, K. Conradsen

Scanning Microscopy

At present, computer-aided Electron Back Scattering Pattern (EBSP) analysis often requires large amounts of operator time if statistically reliable measurements are needed. This paper presents ways to automatically detect and localize bands in EBSPs and thereby enable fully automatic EBSP analysis. The main focus will be on a procedure using a modified Hough transform by which more than 12 bands in a typical EBSP can be detected and localized. This procedure seems as effective and reliable for extracting the bands of EBSPs as any human operator. The performance of this procedure is compared with that of other image processing procedures.

Quantitative Imaging Ion Microscopy: A Short Review, G. A. Valaskovic, G. H. Morrison

Scanning Microscopy

A short review of recent efforts being made in the quantification of images in ion microscopy is given. Special aspects of instrumentation, detection and acquisition, which are unique to direct imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry, are discussed in relation to the successful application of traditional empirical quantification schemes. Application of such quantification schemes requires proper sample preparation, standardization, analysis, and quite often, special techniques in image processing and the correlation of ion microscopy with other microscopies. Quantification within this technique is a difficult goal which can only be realized if the analyst pays strict attention to every step of the …

On Descartes' Presuppositionless Philosophy, W. Tyler Johnson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The history of human thought seems to be a quest for truth. Each looking for some evidence of a higher law, the biologist looks at living tissue, the chemist looks in the molecule, and the physicist looks inside the atom while the mathematician looks beyond matter and the theist looks toward God. Uncertainty and ignorance have traditionally been despised and rejected in favor of Knowledge and Rigor by all such scientists. Rene Descartes is commonly understood to be the father of this modernism as he was the first to replace the Church and its authoritarianism with a belief in the …

Integrated Single Crystal Detector For Simultaneous Detection Of Cathodoluminescence And Backscattered Electrons In Scanning Electron Microscopy, Rudolf Autrata, Josef Jirák, Jiří Špinka, Otakar Hutař

Scanning Microscopy

The design of the majority of the available high efficiency cathodoluminescence (CL) detection systems allows the secondary electron (SE) and backscattered electron (BSE) image modes to be detected simultaneously to a limited degree only. The described CL-BSE detector is based on the single crystal YAG scintillator shaped as a spherical mirror which reflects photons emitted from the CL specimen and focuses them on to the entrance surface of a fibre optic light guide connected to the photomultiplier tube (PMT I). The backscattered electrons emitted from the CL specimen move through the reflecting layer of the mirror into the YAG scintillator …

Architecture Of Mixed Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate And Monohydrate Stones, Hidenobu Iwata, Shouzo Iio, Shunji Nishio, Masafumi Takeuchi

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and monohydrate (COM) are the most frequent constituents of urinary stones, and there still exist some questions about the interrelation between the two hydrates. Architecture of mixed COD and COM stones was observed by electron microscopy to solve the questions.

The fractured surface of a stone is composed of the fractured face of the crystals. In this situation a morphological criterion of typical dipyramid shape is useless to identify COD. But we could identify COD using the partial dissolution method, which etched square pits on COD crystals.

COD and COM formed distinctly separate layers. COD was …

Acquisition Hardware For Imaging, Peter Rez, J. K. Weiss, W. J. De Ruijter

Scanning Microscopy

In electron microscopy images can either be recorded in parallel (Transmission Electron Microscopy) or acquired as the variation in a signal as a probe is scanned over the specimen (Scanning Electron Microscopy). To extract the most information from an image requires that the best possible systems are used for acquiring image data. Ultimately, the limit to information capture is achieved when every electron from the scattering event of interest is recorded. The ideal system can be realised both for parallel recording with scientific grade CCD cameras, and for scanning microscopy with single electron counting electronics. The data rates from these …

Atomic Resolution Electron Holography, K. Ishizuka, T. Tanji, A. Tonomura

Scanning Microscopy

It has been demonstrated that electron holography is a very powerful tool to investigate an electromagnetic potential in medium resolution, since the phase of an electron wave is approximately proportional to the potential. Now, electron holography is at the second stage of development: to establish holography at atomic resolution and further to realize Gabor's idea to improve the resolution restricted by the spherical aberration of the objective lens. We investigate the possibility of electron holography to get information at atomic resolution by computer simulations as well as by digital processing of electron holograms. We show that the phase distribution has …

Creativity And Tradition In Folklore, Simon J. Bronner

All USU Press Publications

No abstract provided.

1991-1992 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Image-Matching As A Means Of Atomic Structure Evaluation In High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, John C. Barry

Scanning Microscopy

Two of the major applications of the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image-matching technique are: a) to refine the structure of defects and interfaces in crystals, and b) to identify minority phases in multi-phase materials. An important advantage of the technique is that it provides spatial information at the atomic level; but an important disadvantage is that the results are often hard to quantify. There are many factors which affect the precision of the image-matching technique, and methods for measuring the pertinent experimental parameters are discussed in this paper. It is shown that if the experimental parameters are known, …

Development Of A Rotation Device For Microvascular Endothelial Cell Seeding, G. Pasquinelli, P. Preda, M. Vici, G. N. Martinelli, A. Freyrie, T. Curti, M. D'Addato

Cells and Materials

A rotation device (RD) specifically designed to achieve sterile endothelial cell (EC) seeding of vascular grafts has been developed. The basic characteristics of the RD include: small dimensions, fully autoclavable components, and perfectly sealed graft holders. These features make it possible to maintain sterility during all the steps of EC seeding. This was documented by negativity of all bacteriological assays performed . Moreover, the RD can simultaneously support three vascular grafts with different lengths (20, 40, and 60 cm) and diameters (4-8 mm). EC seeding is performed in the climatized chamber (37 °C; 5 % C02) with constant rotation (0.1 …

Morphological Three-Dimensional Analysis, C. Gratin, F. Meyer

Scanning Microscopy

This paper presents the main results of our research on mathematical morphology for three-dimensional images. The first issue is to decide which grid must be used. The face-centred cubic grid and the centred cubic grid seem to be more suitable than the cubic grid in terms of possible rotations. For these two grids we derive the formulae for the basic Minkovski measures. Then we show through several examples that extension from 2D to 3D is straightforward for most transformations. The efficiency of direct 3D processing is illustrated by applications to filtering, overlapping particle separation and grey-scale image segmentation.

Application Of Slow-Scan Charge-Coupled Device (Ccd) Cameras To On-Line Microscope Control, O. L. Krivanek, G. Y. Fan

Scanning Microscopy

Autotuning methods for transmission electron microscopy are reviewed, and a distinction is drawn between predictive and non-predictive methods. The predictive methods make better use of the input data and therefore need fewer images to carry out complete autotuning. They typically require high quality of input data, which can be best provided by cooled slow-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. Two predictive methods are considered in more detail. These are the tilt-induced image shift (TIS) method of Koster, van der Mast and de Ruijter, and a new automated diffractogram analysis (ADA) method, which is introduced in this paper. The ADA method is …

Reactogenicity Of Biomaterials As Studied By Biochemical, Morphological And Ultrastructural Techniques, Leonid I. Slutskii, Natalya A. Sevastjanova, Ivetta L. Ozolanta, Irina V. Kuzmina, Laimdota E. Dombrovska

Cells and Materials

Reactogenicity is a characteristic of biocompatible materials that provokes the reparative and proliferative reaction of connective tissues, a compulsory stage of which is inflammation. Thus, reactogenicity studies should include experiments in vivo. A quantitative assessment of reactogenicity can be obtained by subcutaneous implantation of standard olive-shaped specimens covered by the biomaterial under study followed by biochemical, histological and scanning electron microscopical studies of the capsule developing around the implant. Reactogenicity of surgical threads is evaluated by semiquantitative histological analysis of the wound healing process after suture application. Biomaterial reactogenicity can be modified by changing the structure of the surface and …

The Watershed Transformation Applied To Image Segmentation, Serge Beucher

Scanning Microscopy

Image segmentation by mathematical morphology is a methodology based upon the notions of watershed and homotopy modification.This paper aims at introducing this methodology through various examples of segmentation in materials sciences, electron microscopy and scene analysis.

First, we defined our basic tool, the watershed transform. We showed that this transformation can be built by implementing a flooding process on a greytone image. This flooding process can be performed by using elementary morphological operations such as geodesic skeleton and reconstruction. Other algorithms are also briefly presented (arrows representation).

Then, the use of this transformation for image segmentation purposes is discussed. The …