Digital Commons Network^™

High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Milk Products: A New Sample Preparation Procedure, William R. Mcmanus, Donald J. Mcmahon, Craig J. Oberg

Food Structure

A metal-impregnation technique (tannin-ferrocyanide- osmium tetroxide) and thin metal coating imparted excellent preservation , and electric and thermal properties to milk products for scanning electron microscopy, resulting in high- resolution images. Three nanometer resolution was obtained, with minimal edge effects, charging , thermal drift, and decoration. Samples were fixed in 2% gluta raldehyde, cryoprotected in 70% ethanol, and cryofractured, exposing internal structure. Fat was extracted with Freon 113 and the sample were metal -impregnated with 1.0% osmium tetroxide and 1.5% potassium ferrocyanide, reduced with 1% hydroquinone, dried using !he critical-point drying melhod , and ion beam sputter-coated with 2-5 nm …

Interaction Of Ciprofloxacin Loaded Liposomes With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Cells, R. Nicholov, A. E. Khoury, A. W. Bruce, F. Dicosmo

Cells and Materials

An antibiotic delivery system has been developed using ciprotloxacin (CIPRO) encapsulated within sonicated unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of different lipid compositions composed of dipalmitoylphospatidylcholine (DPPC), L-aphosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) and cholesterol (CHOL). The interaction of SUV (i.e. liposomes) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Tl 2977) cells was studied and the effect of the liposome encapsulated antibiotic was tested. Encapsulation of CIPRO apparently increased the amount of antibiotic resident in the vicinity of bacteria in aqueous solution at neutral pH.

Electrophoretic mobility measurements showed that P. aeruginosa cells were negatively charged. The zeta potential of P. aeruginosa was -11.4 ± 2.9 m V in …

Microstructural Approach To Legume Seeds For Food Uses, Kyoko Saio, Michiko Monma

Food Structure

This review summarizes the microstructures of several seed legumes based on previous work and some new findings. Fifteen species of tropically grown legumes , adzuki bean and soybeans (a leading variety and two local va rietie s) were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy in relation to food uses. Processing of adzuki beans to form Q!l bean paste is dis cussed to illustrate the effects of processing on microstructure of starch g rains. Differences in contents, shape and size of starch grains are emphasized in a comparison of soybeans wi th other legumes.

An Empirical Model Of Gastric Evacuation Rates For Fish And An Analysis Of Digestion In Piscivorous Brown Trout, E. He, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The gastric evacuation rates of brown trout Salmo trutta (0.9–1.6 kg) feeding on fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (3.5–7.6 g) were measured in the laboratory at five temperatures (4.5, 9.0, 14.0, 19.0, and 22.5°C). Instantaneous gut evacuation rates (Re) increased exponentially with temperature (T): Re = 0.053se^0.073T, r^2 = 0.98; they varyied from 7%sh^–1 at 4.5°C to 29%sh^–1 at 22.5°C. Linear regressions described the relationship between time and qualitative measures of fish digestion, thus allowing investigators to determine how long an ingested fish would be identifiable at different temperatures. An analysis of published evacuation rates (N = 121) of 22 …

Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat And Limnological Research, David Teuscher, Doug Taki, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically, thousands of Snake River Sockeye salmon returned to the Sawtooth Valley to spawn. Evermann (1896) reported that the Sawtooth Valley Lakes were teeming with red fish. Bjornn (196~) estimated that 4,360 sockeye returned to Redfish Lake in 1955. These numbers no longer exist. In the 1980's, less than 50 Snake River sockeye salmon survived to spawn (Bowler 1990). Since 19-90, only 13 sockeye have returned. Because of recent declines, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) petitioned the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS-) to list Snake River sockeye as endangered. As a result, Snake River sockeye were listed and the Bonneville Power …

Computer Methodology For Transportation Agencies To Screen Technologies For Hazardous Waste Remediation, William J. Grenney, Ravi Kumar Penmetsa

Reports

Executive Summary: Many pathways exist for transportation agencies and other public and private agencies to become responsible for sites contaminated by hazardous wastes. As a reult, agencies frequently face a multitude of lega, regulatory, financial, technical, and health risk problems. When transportation agencies become involved in the remediation of hazardous waste sites, the common practice is to hire consultants and contractors for the clean up process. Because the field of hazardous waste site remediation is changing so rapidly, agency personnel evaluating the consultant's recommendations need to ahve access to the most recent regulatory and remediation information. Early stages of the …

A Kernel Quantile Function Estimator For Flood Frequency Analysis, Young-Ii Moon, Upmanu Lall

Reports

A kernel estimator (KQ) of the quantile function is presented here. Boundary kernels are used for extrapolation of tail quantiles. The bandwidth of the estimator is chosen using an automatic, "plus-in" method. Confidence intervals for the estimated quantile are estimated by bootstrapping. Comparisons of the estimator with selected tail probability estimators are offered. The KQ estimator presented here is shown to be competitive with other estimators.

The Peo/Pbt Copolymer-Mineralized Matrix Interface In Vitro, A. M. Radder, J. E. Davies, H. Leenders, C. A. Van Blitterswijk

Cells and Materials

Previous implantation experiments have investigated the interaction between a series of PEO/PBT copolymers (Polyactive®) and bone tissue, and shown the morphology of bone-bonding with several PEO/PBT ratios. However, the underlying mechanism of bone-bonding remains largely unknown. Therefore, an in-vitro approach was chosen to obtain more information on the events occurring at the PEO/PBT copolymer-bone interface. Rat marrow cells were cultured on two PEO/PBT copolymer proportions: a 60/40 ratio which is known to bond with bone tissue in-vivo and a 30170 ratio which, within one year of implantation, does not bond with bone. Evaluation was performed with light microscopy, scanning, backscatter …

Diamond Mountain Resource Area Resource Management Plan And Environmental Impact Statement, Volume Ii, United States Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

During the comment period January 3 through April 1, 1992, 286 letters were received on the Draft Diamond Mountain Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement. However, Several letters were received after the comment period closed and too late to be individually responded to in this document. The concerns and issues raised in these letters have been expressed in other comment letters which have been responded to and which are reprinted here.

Preparation Of Early Intervention Personnel In A Rural State, S. Rule, Barbara J. Fiechtl, L. Huntington

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

There is a critical need to prepare early-intervention personnel resulting from the passage of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986. This paper presents the results of a survey of service providers regarding the competencies they considered essential to serve young children with disabilities. It also describes the organization of a program to prepare personnel in a rural state where persons who need preparation may not have access to on-campus training.

Cellular Interactions In Hemopoietic Progenitor Cell Homing: A Review, Cheryl L. Hardy, Jose J. Minguell

Scanning Microscopy

Within the bone marrow microenvironment, dynamic cellular interactions are constantly occurring. These interactions involve hemopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and maturing cells, physically interacting with other cells, some of which may function as accessory cells, and others which comprise the stromal elements; hemopoietic cells also interact with non-cellular elements, such as glycoproteins and fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions serve to regulate normal hemopoiesis by allowing the communication of regulatory information, migration and subsequent homing of stem cells within specific organs, and presentation of hemopoietic growth factors in a biologically relevant fashion. The goal of this review …

Insights, Winter, 1992, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Intrinsic Loss In Infrared Optical Fibers, Prapassorn Tantiphanwadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recently, in communication system, fiber optics has become a most interesting development tool as a transmission medium. It first appeared as a feasible transmission medium in 1970. The reason for the development in fiber optics comes from the overwhelming advantage in technology and economy compared to wires and coaxial links. For technology progress, typically, optical fiber has a wide transmission band-width (0.1-1000 GHz), lower loss per unit length (0.15 – 5 dB km^-1[1]), and does not allow electromagnetic interference. For example, signal transmitted over commercial silica-based fiber must be reamplified every 10 to 50 kilometers, whereas signals transmitted …

Scanning Laser Microscopic Surface Profiles Of Human Enamel And Dentin After Brushing With Abrasive Dentifrice In Vitro, Tetsuo Kodaka, Masaru Kuroiwa, Megumi Kobori

Scanning Microscopy

Automatic brushing with and without commercial dentifrice containing calcium hydrogenphosphate as an abrasive, commonly available in Japan, was performed on the tangential ground surfaces of sound enamel and dentin in human young premolar teeth with loading of about 120 g for 10 minutes in vitro. Their brushed surfaces were observed with a scanning electron and a scanning laser microscope. Brushing with abrasive dentifrice caused rough surfaces to appear and the abrasion of the enamel and the dentin was measured to be about 0.1 and 1.5 μm/min in mean depth, respectively. Under brushing with only distilled water, however, the enamel …

Study Of Surface Modified Poly(Ethylene) Yarns, Samuel H. Cohen, Heidi Schreuder-Gibson, John T. Stapler

Scanning Microscopy

Spectra® fibers and fabrics have been treated to enhance surface friction to determine if ballistic penetration resistance of Spectra fabric can be increased with improved interfiber friction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown the extent of surface modification for plasma treated Spectra yarns and the uniformity of coverage for dip-coated yarns and fabrics. Of particular interest is the observation by SEM that plasma gases etch the surface of the polyethylene, producing varying effects on the fiber surface friction. While difficult to measure spectroscopically, the presence of coatings that affect fiber friction are confirmed by SEM.

Mercox®-Methylmethacrylic Acid Mixture Penetrates Into Cells. A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study, S. Aharinejad, P. Böck

Scanning Microscopy

During preparation of vascular casts using mixtures of Mercox® and methylmethacrylic acid for scanning electron microscopy, occasionally irregular structures were observed adhering to otherwise well prepared corrosion casts. These artifacts were further analyzed in sections of cast preparations. The bizarre-shaped structures varied in size and were often tightly connected to vascular casts; they withstood KOH maceration and cleaning with formic acid. The persistence of biological material, connective tissue fibers and cells or cellular fragments, became obvious in ultrathin sections. Transmission electron microscopy also showed inhomogeneity of the polymerized casting medium (Mercox®-methylmetbacrylate mixture; v/v: 4:1). An unidentified com-pound of this resin …

Scanning Electron Microscope Observations Of Brine Shrimp Larvae From Space Shuttle Experiments, Lynnette Debell, Avelina Paulsen, Brian Spooner

Scanning Microscopy

Brine shrimp are encysted as gastrula stage embryos, and may remain dehydrated and encysted for years without compromising their viability. This aspect of brine shrimp biology is desirable for studying development of animals during space shuttle flight, as cysts placed aboard a spacecraft may be rehydrated at the convenience of an astronaut, guaranteeing that subsequent brine shrimp development occurs only on orbit and not on the pad during launch delays.

Brine shrimp cysts placed in 5 ml syringes were rehydrated with salt water and hatched during a 9 day space shuttle mission. Subsequent larvae developed to the 8th larval stage …

Microvasculature Of Normal And Hydropic Labyrinth, Yoshiaki Nakai, Haruhiko Masutani, Makoto Moriguchi, Kazuhiro Matsunaga, Akihumi Kato, Hitoshi Maeda

Scanning Microscopy

The microvasculature of the inner ear in guinea pigs and humans was observed with a scanning electron microscope using corrosion casting method. Alterations in the inner ear vasculature which occurred in association with experimental endolymphatic hydrops were also investigated. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows:

1. In the cochlea and vestibule, the arteries, coiled arterioles, and the veins are endowed with their respective characteristic morphologic features and play a role in the regulatory mechanisms of circulation.

2. The point in humans which is most different from guinea pigs was that coiled arterioles in the cochlea and the coil-like …

Cochlear And Vestibular Epithelia From A Patient With Meniere's Disease: A Case Study, K. C. Horner

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out on the cochlear and vestibular epithelia of the left temporal bone of a Meniere' s patient. There was almost complete absence of hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea. The outer hair cells of the second turn presented an abnormal shortening of the shorter stereocilia within a tuft, reminiscent of the specific atrophy of the short and middle stereocilia in the ciliary tufts of outer hair cells in the guinea pig with experimental hydrops. The cilia of the inner hair cells showed fusion and giant cilia formation. Hair cells were observed …

Coping At The Crossroads: Societal And Educational Transformation, Glenn E. Baker, Richard A. Boser, Dan L. Householder

Engineering Education Faculty Publications

As the nature of a workforce changes over time, one broadly-defined group of workers diminishes in numbers while another group increases in numbers. For example, during the period 1890-1910, the major proportion of the workforce in the United States shifted from agriculture to industrial production (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975). Figure 1 presents the concept. Relentless technological developments gave rise to new job classifications and to increased employment opportunities in industrial production. At the same time, technological developments diminished employment opportunities in another field, in this case, agriculture. Over the long term, then, one might expect that demand for …

The Fairness Factor, Everette E. Dennis, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

As THE FIRST POST-COLD WAR ADMINISTRATION takes office in Washington, there is general agreement that the media will play a significant role in its success or failure. Whether Americans wish President Clinton well or ill, they will all agree on at least one thing: that the media ought to be fair in reporting his efforts.

Producing A Low Cost, Space Qualified Computer By Ruggedizing Commercial Computer Cards, Gregory Dirks

Small Satellite Conference

A low cost space qualified computer using thermally and dynamically enhanced commercial circuit cards has been developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) on an internal research program. This computer, the SC-6, has been fabricated, tested and delivered to clients for use on the upcoming Commercial Experiment Transporter (COMET) mission. Thermal enhancements provide conduction paths from the electronic components to the 'housing; from which the heat may be removed by conduction and/or radiation. Thermal vacuum tests confirm operation with a baseplate temperature of between -20 and +60°C. Dynamic enhancement is achieved by attaching a stiffener/damper frame directly to the circuit card …

Radiation-Induced Power Degradation For Gaas/Ge Solar Arrays, Thomas Woike

Small Satellite Conference

This paper presents new radiation-induced power degradation data for GaAs/Ge solar arrays applicable to missions ranging from low earth orbit (LEO) to geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) and compares these results to silicon arrays. These results are based on recently published radiation damage coefficients for GaAs/Ge cells. The power density ratio (GaAs/Ge to Si BSF/R) has been found to be as high as 1.83 for the proton-dominated worstcase altitude of 7408 km (MEO). Based on the EOL GaAs/Ge solar array power density results for MEO, missions which were previously considered infeasible may be reviewed based on these more favorable results. The …

Hete Telemetry Ranging Subsystem, Greg Huffman

Small Satellite Conference

The HETE (High Energy Transient Experiment) satellite, a joint project between MIT Center for Space Research and AeroAstro, is a high energy gamma ray burst/X-ray/UV observatory platform. In order to provide accurate time stamping of gamma ray burst events, a clock accurate to within 100 Ils of Universal Time (UT) is required on the satellite. This paper presents a clock setting/ranging subsystem that is incorporated into the HETE telemetry system at no additional weight or power consumption. This method makes use of augmenting the data scrambler with a PN ranging code with unique words which allows accurate ranging and clock …

Saflr: A Small-Satellite Program For Two-Way Environmental Data Collection And Distribution, A. Ginari, G. Lehmann

Small Satellite Conference

A new approach in space technology arises in various areas utilizing small satellites, also called μSATs. Implementing modem equipment especially in the field of electronics and computers, leads to powerful systems which are able to cover wide areas of application. In addition, new launch capabilities, such as secondary payloads and piggy-backs on CIS launchers enables a "low cost" approach for satellite based applications. In this context OHB-System develops the small satellite system called SAFJR. (Satellite For Information Relay) with unique communication capabilities. The major operation is aimed to two-way data collection and distribution of environmental “in-situ" measurements. Moreover, the implemented …

Temisat: A Microsatellite System For Autonomous Enviromental Monitoring Service, Brunella Pavesi, Giuseppe Rondinelli, Nikolaos Balteas

Small Satellite Conference

TELESPAZIO is developing the first professional system program using TEMISAT micro-satellite. The service offer will be dedicated to Enviromental Monitoring for data collection and distribution from autonomous Networks. The system is composed by two microsatellite units with low cost satellite based TDMA/SCPC scheme, a Mission Control Center and two different types of terminal; Collection Center terminal and User terminal. A brief description of the satellite subsystem is outlined.

International Activities In Small Satellites; Comparisons With U.S. Programs, Brian Horais

Small Satellite Conference

Despite relatively low levels of Government funding when compared with U.S. small satellite activities, the international small satellite community has achieved a number of impressive successes. These range from the impressive imagery transmitted from the University of Surrey's UoSAT-5 to the demonstrated small satellite launch system versatility and affordability of the Ariane Auxiliary Structure for Space Payloads (ASAP). Capabilities exist in a growing number of countries outside of the United States to design, fabricate, and in some cases launch small satellites into low earth orbit. Activities in India and Israel are being joined by emerging space programs in such countries …

Recent Status Of Small Satellite Study In Japan, Takashi Iida, Ryutaro Suzuki, Atsushi Nakajima

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes the recent status of small satellite study in Japan focusing on the activities of the Small Payload WorkShop (SPWS) which was established in January, 1990. The objectives of SPWS are to review the development of small satellite and its launching system, to study the possible mission, to exchange information, to pick up and study the issues to be solved and to contribute to the good and efficient development of the future plan of small satellite utilization in Japan. The discussion to initiate the SPWS is reviewed briefly. The paper describes the recent studies of small satellites missions …

Launch Vehicle Options For Small Satellite Systems, Robert Cullen

Small Satellite Conference

The small satellite industry faces a special challenge when it comes to the selection of a launch vehicle. Given the limited number of dedicated lifters and a disadvantageous payload weight/cost ratio, the launch planner must often compromise satellite system performance to remain within the profiles of throw weight, altitude, inclination, and cost associated with the obvious choices of launch vehicles. This paper provides a detailed look at the world's inventory of launch vehicles, particularly those that are appropriate for use as dedicated lifters of small satellites and those that can accommodate small satellites as non-primary payloads. The term small satellite …

Missions Of Small Satellites Launched By The J-I Launch Vehicle, Atsuo Tsuiki, Toshio Doura, Yoshiaki Suzuki

Small Satellite Conference

This paper presents the concept of the small satellites launched by the 1-1 launch vehicle of the National Space Development Agency of JAPAN (NASDA). On this concept, the missions of the small satellites are for the experiment and the validation of the earth observation. The satellite communications, and the others on orbit. For efficient achievements of these missions, the common satellite bus will be adopted for the solid launch vehicle J-I, in order to develop the each small satellite system quickly by low-cost.