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Quantitative Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis In Biology, T. A. Hall

Scanning Microscopy

This review summarizes existing formalisms for the quantitative analysis of biological specimens, and considers the analysis of bulk specimens, micro-droplets, homogenates, and thin or ultrathin sections, respectively. For (ultra)thin sections, one may use elemental ratios for semi-quantitative analysis, measure elemental concentrations as mmol/volume using peripheral standards, or as mmol/kg using the continuum method. Often it is physiologically more relevant to know the concentration of ions as mmol/kg water. This can be achieved by analysing the specimen first in the frozen-hydrated state and then again after freeze-drying, or by using a peripheral standard. Attention has to be given to the selection …

The Ultrastructure Of Dentine From Rat Incisors Following Exposure To Sodium Fluoride And Potassium Pyroantimonate Staining, J. Appleton

Scanning Microscopy

Weanling rats were given a single intra-peritoneal injection of sodium fluoride and control animals normal saline for four consecutive days. The fluoride produced a consistent response in the mineralizing dentine of the incisors in which a hypermineralized band was succeeded by a hypomineralized band. Potassium pyroantimonate staining for calcium ions showed that following injection of fluoride, in contrast to the controls, there were large amounts of calcium pyroantimonate in the pre-dentine and throughout the odontoblasts. This suggests that fluoride temporarily affects the membrane enzyme systems which maintain calcium concentration gradients between the odontoblasts and the matrix. The resultant influx of …

Proton Microprobe And Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (Pixe) Analysis For Studies Of Pathological Brain Tissue, K. G. Malmqvist, A. Brun, K. Inamura, E. Martins, L. G. Salford, B. K. Siesjö, U. A. S. Tapper, K. Themner

Scanning Microscopy

Particle Indiced X-ray Emission and proton microprobe analyses have been applied for the investigation of regional elemental distributions in connection with various pathological states in the brain. Malignant brain tumours and adjacent histologically intact tissue removed during surgery were analysed with PIXE. Systematic elemental variations, e.g., for calcium and selenium, were observed in the tumour front. The proton microprobe was applied to study the Ca and K concentrations in various cell strata in hippocampus following transient ischaemia in rat brain. Significant increases in the Ca level occurred in selectively vulnerable cells within 48 h after the ischaemia.

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopic Imaging In Biology, G. T. Simon, Y. M. Heng

Scanning Microscopy

One of the goals in biology is to relate the ultrastructure with the movement of elements to under stand better physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) imaging, which was developed in the last decade, appears to be an ideal technique to make such correlation.

EELS takes advantage of the energy distribution of transmitted electrons which interacted with the specimen. All these electrons are collected and can be displayed as an energy loss spectrum for analytical purposes. Images can be produced from selected regions from the energy distribution allowing the mapping of specific elements. The main advantage of …

Aerial Photography Comparison Of 1983 High Flow Impact To Vegetation At Eight Colorado River Beaches, Nancy J. Brian

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Interaction Between X-Irradiated Plateau-Phase Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Lines And Co-Cultivated Factor-Dependent Cell Lines Leading To Leukemogenesis In Vitro, E. Naparstek, P. Ankleasria, T. J. Fitzgerald, M. A. Sakakeeny, J. S. Greenberger

Scanning Microscopy

Plateau-phase mouse clonal bone marrow stromal cell lines D2XRII and C3H c1 II produce decreasing levels of M-CSF (CSF-I), a specific macrophage progenitor cell humoral regulator, following x-irradiation in vitro. The decrease did not go below 40% of control levels, even after irradiation doses of 50,000 rad (500 Gy). In contrast, a distinct humoral regulator stimulating growth of GM-CSF/IL-3 factor-dependent (FD) hematopoietic progenitor cell lines was detected following radiation to doses above 2,000 rad. This humoral factor was not detectable in conditioned medium from irradiated cells, weakly detected using factor-dependent target cell populations in agar overlay, and was prominently detected …

Early Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies Of Hard Tissue Resorption: Their Relation To Current Concepts Reviewed, A. Boyde, S. J. Jones

Scanning Microscopy

This paper highlights some observations made by the authors in SEM studies of hard tissue resorption and considers their significance in relation to current concepts. All mammalian mineralised tissues may undergo physiological resorption, the resulting surface reflecting the density of mineralisation and the organic matrix chemistry, organisation and orientation. Resorption-repair coupling may follow the resorption of any tissue, but SEM studies first noted this process in the case of the dental tissues. The difference between fetal and adult bone formation and resorption provided evidence against the concept of osteocytic osteolysis. SEM stereophotogrammetric methods for the quantitation of individual resorption lacunae …

The Water Economy Of Nestling Swainson's Hawks (Buteo Swainsoni), John S. Kirkley

Biology

The six major components of the water economy of nestling Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were quantified and incorporated into water budget scenarios demonstrating the effects of heat stress and dietary composition on water balance. Four consecutive 1-week food trials were conducted on each of 16 nestlings to measure rates of food consumption, growth, energy utilization, excrement production and pellet production. Rates of evaporative water loss and CO2 production were measured gravimetrically on 28 nestlings under 4 thermal conditions (25°C, 35°C, 42°C, and 30°C plus sunlight) using an open flow indirect calorimetry system. Water utilization components ( i.e., water …

Western White Pine: The Effect Of Clone And Cone Color On Attacks By The Mountain Pine Cone Beetle, Michael J. Jenkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between clone and cone color in western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas, to attack by the mountain pine cone beetle, Conophthorus monticolae Hopkins, was studied in the Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Idaho. A positive relationship was shown to exist during a 5 year field evaluation. Cone beetles were found to prefer dark colored cones and to attack certain clones at a higher rate than others.

Laboratory dissections did not indicate that cone color affected oviposition, brood development or brood mortality.

Olfactometer experiments demonstrated that olfactory stimuli are involved in the cone beetle attack sequence. Visual cues relating to cone …

An Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Modified Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment System: Sloped Rock-Grass Filtration, Daria Wightman, Dennis B. George, John H. Zirschky, Daniel S. Filip, Judith Sims

Reports

The effectiveness of a sloped rock-grass filtration system in treating municipal wastewater was tested on a 24 m by 36 m (80 ft by 120 ft) slope on a 2.5 percent grade sown with a mixture of rye grass, fescue grass, and bluegrass. The field was divided into six plots, each approximately 3.5 m wide and 36 m long. Three of the plots (slope-rock) were constructed with 9 m of gravel, 7.6 cm deep, on the upper reaches of the slope. Raw (screened, degritted) municipal wastewater from Hyrum, Utah, was applied to the slope-rock sections at application rates of 13 …

The Yellowjackets Of America North Of Mexico, Roger D. Akre, Albert Greene, John F. Macdonald, Peter J. Landolt, Harry G. Davis

A

This volume is a compendium of data on the pestiferous vespines (hornets and yellowjackets) of the United States and Canada. Sections cover taxonomy, biology, economic and medical importance, and control. Illustrated keys are included for rapid identification of species, and a glossary defines many of the unusual terms used in the text.

Notes On The Biology Of Halictus (Halictus) Farinosus Smith (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), William P. Nye

All PIRU Publications

Describes the habitat, life history, foraging, social behavior, and nest architecture of the subsocial halictine bee Hal ictus (Hal ictus) farinosus Smith. The interplay of host-plant conditions with nest development and generations is discussed. Natural enemies and other associates are noted but not extensively treated.

Larval Biology Of Some Utah Chrysididae, Bakary Vassery Ouayogode

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biologies of eight chrysidid species were described. These wasps parasitized bees and wasps collected in trap nests set at several sites in two canyons near Logan, Utah. The completed nests were taken to the laboratory and the parasitized ones were kept for study of the development a l biology and behavior of both host and parasites.

The larval stages of Chrysura smaragdicolor, Chrysura sonorensis, Chrysis parkeri, Chrysis derivata, Chrysis coerulans, Cerotachrysis enhuycki, Trichrysis doriae and Hedychridium solierellae were studied. Omalus iridescens and Omalus purpuratus larvae were observed only in the fifth instar. The major …

Demography Of Termite Colonies As Related To Various Environmental Factors: Nutritional Biochemistry And Physiology Of Termites, W. L. Nutting, J. P. Lafage

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Plants And Animals Of Hill And Wendover Bombing Ranges, Western Utah, Mary Sue Fisher

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The United States Air Force was required by the Sikes Act (16 USC 670 et seq.) to operate Hill and Wendover Bombing Ranges under a Land and Wildlife Management Plan consistent with military objectives. A preliminary biological inventory was conducted to provide basic information necessary for preparation of an appropriate management plan. The inventory was conducted over a one year period utilizing 60 field days on the ground and 30 hours of flying time. A list of vertebrates present on the bombing ranges was formed by general observation of large mammals, birds and reptiles, and trapping of small mammals. …

Multicollinearity And The Estimation Of Regression Coefficients, John Charles Teed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The precision of the estimates of the regression coefficients in a regression analysis is affected by multicollinearity. The effect of certain factors on multicollinearity and the estimates was studied. The response variables were the standard error of the regression coefficients and a standarized statistic that measures the deviation of the regression coefficient from the population parameter.

The estimates are not influenced by any one factor in particular, but rather some combination of factors. The larger the sample size, the better the precision of the estimates no matter how "bad" the other factors may be.

The standard error of the regression …

Some Effects Of Different Temperatures On The Development Of The Black Grass Bug (Labops Hesperius Uhler) From The Egg Through The Adult Stage, Osiris L. Paraqueima

Biology

A study of some effects of different temperatures on the development of the black grass bug (Labops hesperius Uhler) was conducted in the laboratory and the results compared with the insect's development in the field. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of rearing grass bugs in the laboratory so research with these insects could be conducted all year, and to formulate a growing degree hour model that might help predict hatching and development of the bugs in the laboratory and field, and be a guide in timing proper control measures in the field. L. hesperius were …

The Influence Of Various Factors On Nitrogen Balance And Protein Quality Measured In Adult Human Beings, Arthur John Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of nitrogen intake, nitrogen source, calorie intake, body weight, adaptation time, research group and sex on the nitrogen balance of human adults was investigated. Data from studies reported in the literature were combined and analyzed statistically by multiple regression techniques. Analyses were made separately for six sources of nitrogen: egg, beef, rice, corn, wheat and wheat gluten.

Nitrogen intake, caloric intake and body weight exerted significant effects on nitrogen balance (5% level of confidence) for six, three and two of the six nitrogen sources, respectively. Other variables were not significant at the 5% level. Although differences were not …

Host And Habitat Preferences, Life History, Pathogenicity And Population Regulation In Species Of Protocalliphora Hough (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Terry Lee Whitworth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The host, habitat preferences, and life histories of species of Protocalliphora were investigated in northern Utah. The effect of species of Protocalliphora on blood levels (hematocrit and hemoglobin) and weight gains of nestling birds also was studied.

A total of 1,819 bird nests were examined, representing 68 bird species from 10 habitats. Forty-eight percent (869) of the nests of 51 bird species found were infested. Eighteen species of Protocalliphora, including 11 undescribed, were collected.

Birds experiencing a high rate of infestation included most colonial nesters (such as bank swallows and yellow-headed blackbirds), cavity nesters (such as starlings and tree swallows, …

Utah Science Vol. 36 No. 2, June 1975

Utah Science

Life in the Great Salt Lake Frederick J. Post 43

Geologic Insights from an Earth Orbiting Satellite Arthur T. Anderson, Alan F. Smith and Lois M. Cox 47

Utah's Horses: A Versatile Resource J'Wayne McArthur 51

Ornament al Horticulture and Turf Management Employment Practices G.A. Long, W.F. Campbell,E.M. Drake, and T. M. McKee 57

Sprinkling with Salty Well Water Can Cause Problems Rex F. Nielson and Orson S. Cannon 61

Pesticides and Alfalfa Maurice G. Zeeman and Donald W. Davis 64

The Art of Making and Feeding Corn Silage Norris Stenquist 69

Multiple Use of Irrigation Canals James J. Kennedy …

Selection At The Molecular Level: Competition Between Members Of The Lambdoid Family Of Bacteriophages, Kandy D. Baumgardner

Biology

Competition between lambda and 434 hy mi and lambda and phi80 was investigated, making use of long-term transfer experiments to follow evolutionary trends of the phage populations. The competitive superiority of lambda at 37 C is shown by the elimination of 434 hy mi and phi80 from mixed populations. A reversal in the outcome of competition between lambda and phi80 was observed when the phages were grown at low temperature. The temporal course and final outcome of competition appear to be genetically determined responses of the phages to their specific environment. No relation between phage yield per cell and advantage …

Development Of Environmental Education Field Trip Guides For Elementary School Teachers In Cache Valley, Utah, Sandra T. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was the development of environmental education field trip guides to areas in Cache Valley for teachers in grades three through six that would provide learning activities that cannot be structured in the classroom. Six field trip guides to areas of Cache Valley with accompanying activities and discussion questions were constructed. The guides were tested in the field by three groups of teachers and students and teachers not participating in the field test evaluated the guides for difficulties they would encounter in using the guides.

The second study purpose was to determine …

A Study Of The Biology Of The Species Of Protocalliphora In The Northern Wasatch Range, Terry L. Whitworth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A total of 733 bird nests, representing 55 species from 23 habitats, was examined. Forty-nine percent of the nests of 39 bird species were infested with 16 species of Protocalliphora.

Infestation of bird nests by Protocalliphora is believed to be related to a number of factors, which are discussed. Loosely constructed nests, nests heavily saturated with feces, and nests occupied early in the season had low rates of infestation. Nests of colonial birds were more frequently infested than those of solitary birds. Nests of some birds were rarely or never infested.

Sixteen species of Protocalliphora are differentiated and their …

Introduction Of Small Carpenter Bees Into California For Pollination 1. Release Of Pithitis Smaragdula, Howell V. Daly, George E. Bohart, Robbin W. Thorp

All PIRU Publications

Pithitis smaragdula (F.) is a bright green, small carpenter bee which is widespread in the oriental region and is known to pollinate economically important plants, especially legumes and cucurbits. About 300 bees imported from Ludhiana, India, were released 10 April 1969, at Davis, California. Subsequent collecting during the 1st season confirmed that one or more generations of the bees had been reared and that Trifolium repens L. was visited for pollen. Although the overwintering bees under observation died from unknown causes, and no living bees were found in 1970, it is possible that the bees survived elsewhere. Ecological factors believed …

The Evolution Of Parasitism Among Bees, George E. Bohart

Faculty Honor Lectures

Before discussing parasitic bees, I will present a rough outline of the biology of "ordinary" or non-parasitic bees. The superfamily Apoidea (bees) includes perhaps 25,000 or 30,000 species divided into nine families by recent authorities (Stephen, Bohart, Torchio, 1969) . A common biological thread holding this vast assemblage together is the provision by adults of pollen and nectar for their young. Only in the honey bees (the genus Apis which includes four species) are the larvae fed primarily on a different substance (a secretion of the pharyngeal glands) , and even this is derived from pollen and honey eaten by …

The Evolution Of Parasitism Among Bees, George E. Bohart

All PIRU Publications

No abstract provided.

A Biosystematic Study Of The Genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) In The Intermountain Region, Rex Cates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study dealt with the Intermountain aconites of which the chromosome number of n = 8 was obtained.

The bumblebees, Bombus rufocinctus Cresson, B. appositus Cresson, and B. centralis Cresson, are the major pollinators of the allogamous and autogamous aconites.

Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of cauline leaf extracts showed that the Intermountain aconites studied here consist of one chemical group.

The overall evidence indicates that the Intermountain aconites consist of one species, Aconitum columbianum Nutt., with two varieties, variety columbianum and variety ochroleucum A. Nels.

Occurrence And Distribution Of Invertebrates In Lower Logan River, Nancy A. Erman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of bottom invertebrates on the lower Logan River, Logan, Utah was conducted from June 1966 to July 1967. One objective was to evaluate on a qualitative and quantitative basis the invertebrate populations above and below a sewage entry in the river. Another objective was to study the year-round fluctuations in the invertebrate population.

The greatest variety of invertebrates was found in the summer. Chironomidae and Baetis were the only two groups found in abundance over the entire year.

Populations were reduced during autumn when water levels rose, and they declined even more sharply during the spring flood.

At …

The Utah Juniper, Volume 39, Utah State University

The Utah Juniper

Annual publication of The Utah Foresters, Utah State Agricultural College.

Biology Of Duforea And Of Its Cleptoparasite, Neopasites (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), Phillip F. Torchio, Jerome G. Rozen Jr., George E. Bohart, Marjorie S. Favreau

All PIRU Publications

No abstract provided.