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Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Prior work at East Canyon Reservoir, Utah indicated that adult trout are important predators of stocked juvenile rainbow trout. Brown trout, in particular, were exclusively piscivorous when th~y exceeded 185 mm standard length. Fish became increasingly important in the diet of cutthroat trout greater than 330 mm. The purpose of this study was to further document the effect of adult trout on survival of juvenile rainbow trout in mid-elevation reservoirs. Causey Reservoir was chosen because it was thought to contain large brown and cutthroat trout and had not been intensively studied during the last eight years.

The Radiomycetaceae (Mucorales; Zygomycetes). Calcium Oxalate Crystals On The Sporangiolar Wall And Aerial Hyphae, G. L. Benny, S. R. Khan

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium oxalate crystals occur on the sporangiolar appendages and aerial hyphae of the two known genera (Hesseltinella, Radiomyces) of the mucoralean family Radiomycetaceae. In Hesseltinella the sporangiolar appendages are acicular with a polygonal, square, or hexagonal, discoid base. The appendage core consists of calcium oxalate and is composed of two portions: (1) a round, acicular spine with a more or less hexagonal base, and (2) a square, polygonal, or hexagonal, discoid base with a central perforation that generally contains the spine base. Both portions of the spine core appear to be readily separable. In species of Radiomyces the …

Stimulation Of Collagen Formation In The Intestinal Anastomosis By Low Dose He-Ne Laser, David T. Yew, Winnie W. Y. Li, K. M. Pang, Y. C. Mok, C. Au

Scanning Microscopy

The effect of low dose He-Ne laser on the healing of intestinal anastomosis was studied in the albino rat. A small piece of jejunum was removed from each rat and the ends sutured back with a simple interrupted pattern. In the experimental animal, the anastomosis was Irradiated through an optic fiber with a He-Ne laser (1 mW) for 15 minutes whereas in the control animal, the anastomosis was not irradiated. The differences between the two groups were compared by histology, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and autoradiography 3 and 7 days after operation. The laser treated experimental animals demonstrated …

Tubuloreticular Reorganization Of Cytomembranes In Cells Treated With With Human Alpha Interferons - A Review, P. M. Grimley, S. Ray, M. Kostianovsky, B. Rupp, Y. -H. Kang, D. Feldman

Scanning Microscopy

Human alpha interferons (IFN-a) cause a reorganization of internal cell membranes into tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI). Morphogenesis and cytochemistry indicate a pre-Golgi intracisternal origin from the endoplasmic reticulum. Clinically, TRI formation in human blood mononuclear cells correlates with systemic IFN-a treatment or with endogenous overproduction of IFN-a in viral or autoimmune diseases (e.g., rubella syndrome, AIDS, systemic lupus erythematosus). In vitro, TRI formation can be produced by treatment of Daudi lymphoblasts or vascular endothelial cells with IFN-a, and is blocked by actinomycin-D. In Daudi lymphoblasts or vascular endothelial cell cultures, TRI formation parallels induction of 2'-5' A synthetase, inhibition of …

A Rapid Method For Observing The Internal Morphology Of Amphibian Embryos, S. C. Smith, J. B. Armstrong, D. C. Hoppe

Scanning Microscopy

A simple, rapid method for visualizing the internal morphology of amphibian embryos is described. Fixed embryos of Ambystoma mexicanum are surrounded with commercial embedding material and are frozen. Internal structure is revealed by cutting the embryos with a cooled scalpel or razor blade, removing the frozen embedment with an aqueous buffer, and processing the halved embryos for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This technique allows the internal anatomy of the embryo to be viewed but is much simpler and more rapid than previously described techniques. It should therefore prove useful for understanding and teaching the three-dimensional relationship between tissues in developing …

Vascularization Of Male Gonads In Blennius Pavo (Teleostei, Blenniidae) As Revealed By Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Corrosion Casts, F. Lahnsteiner, A. Lametschwandtner, R. A. Patzner, H. Adam

Scanning Microscopy

The vascular architecture of male gonads of Blennius pavo is studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Arterial supply to the gonads is by a branch of the first ventral segmental artery of the tail. From the surface of the gonads, this vessel gives rise to branches which supply testes, spermatic ducts, testicular glands, blind pouches, urogenital sinus and urogenital papilla. The testis has a rope-ladder-like capillary network around the seminiferous tubules, while in the testicular gland the capillary network is irregular in form. The spermatic ducts are found to have an exterior capillary network located in the …

Utah Science Vol. 49 No. 3, Fall 1988

Utah Science

58 COLOR DEFECTS OF FRESH AND COOKED MEAT D. Cornforth Fresh meat is supposed to be bright cherry red, and cooked meat isn't A food scientist explains how the opposite. occurs occasionally.

66 MINIMIZING BROWSING DAMAGE BY DEER: LANDSCAPE PLANNING FOR WILDUFE D. D. Austin and A. B. Hash A little bit of planning can make life a lot easier for deer as well as homeowners ..

71 THE U.S. LIVING COLLECTION OF PERENNIAL TRITICEAE GRASSES D. R. Dewey The Triticeae grasses have several attributes of immeasurable value if incorporated in other species. The IS-acre collection near Logan is helping …

Concentrations Of Elements In Dying Thymocytes From The Thymus Gland Of Diabetic Rats, Alice Warley, I. W. Morris

Scanning Microscopy

Atrophy of the thymus gland occurs in rats made diabetic by a single injection of the drug streptozotocin. Histological studies show the presence of thymocytes with pyknotic nuclei in thymus tissue taken from diabetic animals. Analysis of the elemental content of the pyknotic cells was carried out on freeze dried frozen sections of thymus tissue using the technique of X-ray microanalysis. There was no loss of elements from cells which had undergone the early morphological changes characteristic of pyknosis and which showed the condensed chromatin of pyknotic nuclei. However as the cells shrank and lost the clear distinction between nucleus …

A Comparison Of The Elemental Concentrations In Tissue Thymocytes From Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Rats, A. Warley

Scanning Microscopy

The elemental concentrations in thymocytes from control and diabetic rats were studied by use of the techniques of cryofixation and X-ray microanalysis to determine whether any changes occur in the diseased state. Decreases in the concentrations of the elements P and K were found in thymocytes from the subcapsular and cortical regions of the gland in thymus tissue taken 4 days after the onset of diabetes. A decrease in the concentration of Mg was also found in thymocytes from the subcapsular region of the gland. These changes suggest that the metabolism of thymocytes in vivo is altered in the diabetic …

X-Ray Analysis Of Biological Fluids: An Update, G. A. Quamme

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray analysis has been used for some twenty years to quantify elements including Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg and phosphorous in biological fluid samples. The method consists of accurate pipetting of 50-150 pl samples and appropriate drying to form crystalline deposits. Quantitation is obtained by comparison of x-ray intensities with comparable standard crystalline deposits. Electon microprobe analyses have contributed much to our understanding of renal transport function including physiological controls and pathological influences on the tubular handling of the major elements. New approaches to x-ray analysis of solid tissue will further our knowledge concerning transport properties in the kidney and …

Preparation Of Isolated Blood Capillaries, R. C. Wagner, R. A. Buchanan, Ritchie Froehlich

Scanning Microscopy

Blood capillaries have been isolated from various tissue sources yielding suspensions of capillary segments. These have provided opportunities to study the cellular properties of capillary endothelium under conditions uncomplicated by the presence of stromal tissues and in which measured parameters can be attributed to endothelial cells. Fresh capillary isolates have been used directly as experimental systems but the yield of endothelium is quite low. Amplification of endothelial biomass has been accomplished by using freshly isolated capillaries as explants for primary tissue culture. It has not been previously possible, however, to obtain large amounts of capillary endothelium from a single preparation …

Scanning Electron Microscope, Freeze Etching And Glycosaminoglycan Cytochemical Studies Of The Cerebellar Climbing Fiber System, Orlando J. Castejón, Haydée V. Castejón

Scanning Microscopy

Mouse and teleost fish cerebelli were processed by the freeze-fracture methods for scanning and transmission electron microscopy in order to study the three-dimensional morphology and intramembrane features of climbing fiber-Purkinje spine synapses. In addition, Alcian Blue and ruthenium chloride stainings were applied to mouse cerebellar tissue to investigate the polyanion composition of these excitatory synapses under the transmission electron microscope. In the granular layer, tendril and glomerular collaterals of climbing fibers were observed. In the molecular layer climbing fibers exhibited a characteristic crossing-over or arborescence pattern type of bifurcation, Scheibel's collaterals and multiple thorn synapses with Purkinje spiny dendrites. At …

Fat & Cholesterol, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D., Kris Saunders

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives information on the different types of fat and cholesterol and the health effects of both.

Lymphoid Microenvironments In The Thymus And Lymph Node, W. Van Ewijk, P. J. M. Brekelmans, R. Jacobs, E. Wisse

Scanning Microscopy

The three-dimensional architecture of the thymus and mesenteric lymph node reveals several different stromal cell types important in the development and function of T cells. In the thymic cortex, T cells proliferate and differentiate in a meshwork of epithelial-reticular cells. They then migrate towards the medulla where they may interact with interdigitating cells. T cells migrate from the thymus through perivascular spaces, surrounding large vessels at the cortico-medullary boundary. In this area also large thymic cystic cavities are found, their function remains at present unclear. Mature "selected" T cells leave the thymus most probably by the venous bloodstream, to enter …

Changes In The Tracheal Ciliated Cells In Rabbits Treated By Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (Ii) As Studied By Electron Microscopy, M. Albertsson, C. -H. Hakansson

Scanning Microscopy

The ciliated epithelium of the rabbit's trachea was investigated after a single 5 mg dose of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP). Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Examination was performed daily for 20 consecutive days. A cytotoxic effect of the drug on the ciliated epithelium was observed with bent ciliary tips, swollen tips and broken cilia. Finally the cilia were lost and large areas of the surface were covered with microvilli. However, 20 days after the drug injection, the restitution of the ciliary carpet was almost complete.

Ultrastructural Characteristics Of The Fetal And Neonatal Rat Urinary Bladder, Samuel M. Cohen, Martin Cano, Takao Sakata, Sonny L. Johansson

Scanning Microscopy

The embryologic and neonatal development of the normal rat urinary bladder was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy from day 11 of gestation through 21 days of age. The epithelium at day 11 of gestation is composed of small, loosely-connected, rounded cells with occasional short microvilli on their surfaces. The large polygonal cells characteristic of the adult bladder begin to appear by day 15, but the microridges are not apparent until day 17. By day 20, the epithelium appears morphologically similar to the adult bladder. Several morphological features are observed at different times of gestation …

The Ultrastructure Of Dentine From Rat Incisors Following Exposure To Sodium Fluoride And Potassium Pyroantimonate Staining, J. Appleton

Scanning Microscopy

Weanling rats were given a single intra-peritoneal injection of sodium fluoride and control animals normal saline for four consecutive days. The fluoride produced a consistent response in the mineralizing dentine of the incisors in which a hypermineralized band was succeeded by a hypomineralized band. Potassium pyroantimonate staining for calcium ions showed that following injection of fluoride, in contrast to the controls, there were large amounts of calcium pyroantimonate in the pre-dentine and throughout the odontoblasts. This suggests that fluoride temporarily affects the membrane enzyme systems which maintain calcium concentration gradients between the odontoblasts and the matrix. The resultant influx of …

Report And Planning Meeting, Various Authors

Other Documents

No abstract provided.

Clinical Applications Of Electron Microscopy In The Analysis Of Collagenous Biomaterials, Arthur J. Wasserman, Charles J. Doillon, Alvin I. Glasgold, Y. Pedro Kato, David Christiansen, Azam Rizvi, Eric Wong, Jack Goldstein, Frederick H. Silver

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are of clinical value in assessing the interaction between biomaterials and ingrowing tissues. Ultrastructural information allows the clinician and biomaterials specialist to determine events occurring during wound healing and the biocompatibility of prosthetic devices. This paper reviews some of the experimental and clinical studies done in our laboratory on the use of natural and reconstituted collagen as replacements for connective tissues. Consideration is given to collagen flakes used for the treatment of dermal ulcers, a collagen fiber prosthesis used for tendon and ligament replacement, the effects of chemical preservatives on cartilage used for replacement of …

Effect Of Fluoride And Cobalt On Forming Enamel: Scanning Electron Microscope And X-Ray Microanalysis Study, S. H. Ashrafi, D. R. Eisenmann, A. E. Zaki, R. Liss

Scanning Microscopy

The forming surfaces of enamel of rat incisors were examined by scanning electron microscope one hour after injection of either 5 mg/100 g body weight of sodium fluoride or 12 mg/100 g body weight of cobalt chloride. The cell debris from the surfaces of the separated incisors was either gently wiped off with soft facial tissues or chemically removed by treating with NaOH, NaOCl or trypsin. Best results to remove cell debris were obtained from 0.25% trypsin treatment.

SEM studies revealed that the surface of the normal secretory enamel was characteristic in appearance with well-developed smooth prism outlines. In fluoride …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Autoradiography Of Lung, K. E. Lauhala, C. L. Sanders, K. E. Mcdonald

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) autoradiography of the lung is being used to determine the distribution of inhaled, alpha particle-emitting, plutonium dioxide particles. SEM autoradiography provides high visual impact views of alpha activity. Particles irradiating the bronchiolar epithelium were detected both on the bronchiolar surface and in peribronchiolar alveoli. The technique is being used to obtain quantitative data on the clearance rates of plutonium particles from bronchi and bronchioles.

An Electron Microscopic Study Of Hemopoietic Tissues In The Course Of Lewis Lung Carcinoma, Cheryl Hardy, Yuzhi Wang, Bettye Collier, Mehdi Tavassoli

Scanning Microscopy

Lewis lung carcinoma of C57Bl/6 mice causes a progressive anemia with reticulocytosis and splenomegaly, metastasizes to lungs, liver, and kidneys but does not invade hemopoietic tissues. The cause of this anemia is uncertain. We studied the structure of spleen and bone marrow in these tumor hosts by light and electron microscopy. Splenic congestion of the red pulp with numerous erythropoietic islands and marrow hyperplasia characterized the hemopoietic tissues of these mice, which, when coupled with other hematological parameters suggested a hemolytic condition. However, the erythropoietic response appeared to be in part ineffective as evidenced by phagocytosis of immature as well …

Utah Science Vol. 49 No. 2, Summer 1988

Utah Science

30 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT J. C. Andersen, H. H. Fullerton, E. B. Godfrey, W. C. Lewis and D. L. Snyder An examination of the costs and benefits of environmental regulation.

38 CLOTHING TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES V. B. Keeble New types of protective clothing developed and tested at USU significantly reduced exposure to pesticides.

44 A SURVEY OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF UTAH DAIRY FARMS IN 1985 D. Bailey. G. O. Jenson and N. Ackerman Some dairy farmers are in good financial condition, others aren't This article examines the reasons underlying this dichotomy.

49 MANAGING …

Basis Of The Structure And Development Of Mammalian Enamel As Seen By Scanning Electron Microscopy, A. Boyde, M. Fortelius, K. S. Lester, L. B. Martin

Scanning Microscopy

Mature enamel is the most mineralized of mammalian tissues, contains the least water and therefore does not present problems of shrinkage on preparation for SEM. However, the developing enamel is highly hydrated and presents severe problems in preparation.

The structure of enamel is determined by the activity of its individual formative cells and their group behaviour. The peculiar, unequal secretion of matrix at the distal pole of the ameloblast leads to the presence of characteristically shaped pits in the surface of the formative tissue. Crystals grow in a special relationship to this surface. Sharp changes in orientation of the surface …

Bovine Aorta Endothelial Cell Incubation With Interleukin 2: Morphological Changes Correlate With Enhanced Vascular Permeability, Corazon D. Bucana, Joann Trial, Audrey C. Papp, Kenneth K. Wu

Scanning Microscopy

Interleukin 2 induced alterations in the morphology of bovine aortic endothelial cells in vitro. The changes observed in confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells included retraction and elongation of eel ls leading to enlarged gaps between cells quantified by image analysis. Purified IL-2 (1 U/ml medium) increased the gaps between endothelial cells 3-4-fold compared with control cultures. The effect was transient, since the cells reverted to their original morphology 6-12 hours after the removal of lL-2. Correlative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies using fresh bovine aorta showed a dose-dependent alteration of the endothelial surface by IL-2 characterized by rounding …

Studies Of Intestinal Lymphoid Tissue. Xi – The Immunopathology Of Cell-Mediated Reactions In Gluten Sensitivity And Other Enteropathies, Michael N. Marsh

Scanning Microscopy

Computerised image-analysis was used to quantitate small intestinal mucosae from celiac sprue and dermatitis herpetiformis patients, Gambian children with tropical-sprue-like malabsorption, first-degree celiac sprue relatives, and treated celiac sprue patients during challenge with a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten. A wide range of mucosal appearances was observed. Typically, 'flat' lesions (Type 2) revealed a reduced number of epithelial lymphocytes that were large and mitotically active. At the other extreme, mucosal architecture was relatively well preserved (Type 1) but surface epithelium contained an expanded population of small, non-mitotic lymphocytes, with or without crypt hyperplasia. Similar changes were observed in one-third of celiac …

Correlation Between Auditory Brainstem Recordings And Morphology As Seen Through The Scanning Electron Microscope, M. Hultcrantz

Scanning Microscopy

Pregnant CBA/CBA mice were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 Grey (Gy), (1 Gy = 100 rad) in single doses with whole body gamma-irradiation on the 12th, 13th and 16th gestational days, respectively. The animals were tested at an age of one month for vestibular and cochlear function. Thereafter the inner ears were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. A morphological analysis with cytocochleograms was performed.

Morphological changes in the vestibular part showed gross malformations in the cristae ampullares. Hair cells of type I seemed to be more severely changed than hair cells type II. The macula utriculi also showed malformations …

Polarized Epithelial Cysts In Vitro: A Review Of Cell And Explant Culture Systems That Exhibit Epithelial Cyst Formation, J. A. Mcateer, G. S. Dougherty, K. D. Gardner Jr., A. P. Evan

Scanning Microscopy

The purpose of this paper is to review in vitro cell and explant culture systems that exhibit epithelial cyst formation and that are used as models of polarized epithelial function. We examine a number of culture systems derived from a variety of cell and organ types, briefly describe the methodology and conditions used to establish these cultures and discuss aspects of the experimental application of each system. We conclude that the characteristics of epithelial cyst-forming cultures are dependent upon the origin and identity of the cell population, as well as the multiple factors that define the culture environment. Culture systems …

The Role Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In Ophthalmic Science, P. Versura, M. C. Maltarello

Scanning Microscopy

The eyeglobe is one of the classical domains of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in biology as it exposes several inner and outer surfaces. Both corneal and conjunctival epithelia towards the tear film as well as the corneal endothelial cells facing the anterior chamber may be accurately evaluated. The architecture of the angle and particularly the morphology of the Schlemm's canal inner wall are clarified by SEM more than by TEM serial reconstruction. The surfaces of the iris and ciliary body, the zonula and the choroidal vessel arrangement are described in great detail. Three distinct types of membrane anchoring devices are …

Preparation Of Cytoskeletons Of Cells In Culture For High Resolution Scanning And Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Paul B. Bell Jr., Margaretha Lindroth, Bengt-Arne Fredriksson

Scanning Microscopy

In this tutorial we describe our methods for preparing detergent-extracted cytoskeletons for observation by high resolution scanning (SEM) and scanning transmission (STEM) electron microscopy. We both discuss the theoretical background and provide practical procedures for each of the following steps: cell culture on Formvar-coated gold grids; prefixation with aldehydes or protein crosslinking reagents (homobifunctional N-hydroxy-succinimide esters); extraction with Triton X-100 or Brij 58 detergent in microtubule stabilizing buffer; postfixation in formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde; dehydration; critical point and freeze drying; sputter coating with 1-2 nm of platinum or tungsten; and examination by SEM and both normal and inverted contrast STEM. These …