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A Light, Transmission And Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of Snuff-Treated Hamster Cheek Pouch Epithelium, S. H. Ashrafi, A. Das, R. Worowongvasu, B. Mehdinejad, J. P. Waterhouse

Scanning Microscopy

The effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on hamster cheek mucosa were studied by light microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two grams of commercially available smokeless tobacco were placed into the blind end of the right cheek pouch of each experimental animal, once a day and five days a week for 24 months. The control animals did not receive smokeless tobacco. After 24 months treatment with smokeless tobacco, hamster cheek mucosal epithelium lost its translucency and had become whitish in color. By light microscopy hyperorthokeratosis, prominent granular cell layers with increased keratohyalin granules and hyperplasia were seen. At …

Structural Artifacts And Advantages Of Cytocentrifugation Of Cells As Viewed By Scanning Electron Microscopy, Mário N. D. Peão, Artur P. Águas, Carlos Moreira De Sá, Nuno R. Grande

Scanning Microscopy

Cytocentrifugation of cell suspensions onto glass slides is a widely used procedure in contemporary cytology. We employed here scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate putative morphological changes induced in cells submitted to cytocentrifugation. The fine structure of murine pleural exudate cells (macrophages mainly) processed by spinning was compared with that of similar cells treated without centrifugation (poly-L-lysine attachment of the cells to glass slides at 1 g). Cells of cytocentrifuged preparations showed a significant increase in diameter and smoothening of the cell surface as compared with the morphology of non-centrifuged cells. Cytocentrifugation also induced the formation of thin elongations coming …

Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis: A Cellular Disease, Giovanni Gambaro, Bruno Baggio

Scanning Microscopy

Physico-chemical, metabolic and hormonal theories regarding the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis do not sufficiently explain many features of this disease. The recent findings of an abnormally faster oxalate self-exchange and higher phosphorylation of band 3 in erythrocytes of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers suggest the hypothesis that nephrolithiasis may be a cellular disease, characterized by a defect in the function of the anion-exchange. The cellular anomaly seems genetically controlled. Band 3 anion exchanger function seems to be biochemically regulated through modulation of band 3 phosphorylation, which depends on cyclic AMP- and phospholipid-sensitive Ca²⁺ independent protein kinases. In this …

Effect Of Draw Ph On The Development Of Curd Structure During The Manufacture Of Mozzarella Cheese, L. J. Kiely, P. S. Kindstedt, G. M. Hendricks, J. E. Levis, J. J. Yun, D. M. Barbano

Food Structure

The impact of varying the pH of whey at whey drainage (5.9, 6.15 or 6.4) on the development of curd structure during the manufacture of Mozzarella cheese was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Dramatic changes in curd structure were apparent with stage of manufacture , in particular the stretching step which aligned the protein fibers.

Of additional interest is the effect of draw pH on the structure of curd at whey drainage. When whey was drained at pH 6.4, an open poorly fused network of paracasein particles was observed in the cheese curd. Jn contrast, lowering the draw pH (6.15 …

Thermal Processing Effects On Rice Characteristics, Shuh-Ming Chang, Hsiu-Chen Yang

Food Structure

Whole kernels of four cultivars of milled rice were treated under different conditions according to our traditional methods such as boiling, steaming, autoclaving or roasting with sand. During the vari ous processing conditions, the moisture contents of the kernel , heating temperatures, pressures and heating times were varied. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of those processed samples were investigated and compared.

Based on degree of gelatinization , water absorption index , water solubility index , swelling power, viscoamylograms and X-ray diffraction patterns, the propenies of waxy rice samples arc different from that of non -waxy rice samples. They are …

Microstructure Of Mica Glass-Ceramics And Interface Reactions Between Mica Glass-Ceramics And Bone, W. Holand, W. Gotz, G. Carl, W. Vogel

Cells and Materials

This review paper characterizes glass-ceramics containing mica as main crystal phase. The phase formation reactions in dependence of the chemical composition and the microstructure are shown. Microstructure of mica glass-ceramics has been studied by electron replica and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques.

Mica glass-ceramics have previously been developed in Si02-B20rA120rMgO-F--base glasses. The material is machinable because of the precipitation of micas of fluorophlogopite-type. Also, a machinable glass-ceramic for dental applications was developed based on KMg2_5(Si40 10)F2-micas. We developed mica glass-ceramics in the Si02-Al20rMgO-NaiO-K20-F glass system. Phase formation within these glasses was observed by SEM. A double controlled nucleation and crystallization …

The Effect Of Polymethylmethacrylate Bone Cement Vibration On The Bone-Cement Interface, A. M. C. Thomas, D. J. W. Mcminn, M. Haddaway, I. W. Mccall

Cells and Materials

Low frequency vibration of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement reduces the viscosity of the cement by shear thinning. The effect of this low frequency vibration on the bone-cement interface was studied using microfocal radiography (MFR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effects were studied in-vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro, samples of Palacos low viscosity PMMA were placed on blocks of Kiel bone and vibrated. MFR and SEM demonstrated an improvement in the appearance of the bone-cement interface. In-vivo, PMMA was injected into the upper tibia of the dog. An assessment of the effect of high and low pressure injection, and the effect of …

Ultrastructural Assessment Of Lesion Development In The Collared Rabbit Carotid Artery Model, J. E. Beesley, A. C. Honey, J. F. Martin

Cells and Materials

Cellular reactions associated with the formation of lesions generated in the carotid artery of rabbits fed either normal or high cholesterol diets by the placement of a flexible, silastic collar around the artery, were studied by electron microscopy.

Endothelial cells remained as a monolayer throughout lesion development. The endothelial cell surface in both experimental and sham operated carotids, 4 hours and 8 hours after the initiation of the experiments, were covered with platelets and leukocytes. Neutrophils were present until 7 days in the arteries from within the collar of animals maintained on a normal diet, but only to 1 day …

1991-1992 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Grazing Fee Review, Darwin B. Nielsen

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

No abstract provided.

A Model For A Model: Pressure Jackets On Nude Mice With Implants Of Hypertrophic Scars, C. Ward Kischer, Jana Pindur

Cells and Materials

The hypertrophic scar, a consequence of deep surface injury, is peculiar to humankind. Subcutaneous implants of these tissues in nude mice provide a quasi - animal model for experimental use. An efficacious treatment to promote acceleration of maturation of the hypertrophic scar is controlled topical pressure produced by flexible dacron fabric wraps. Implants in the nude mouse provide a model for study of the effects of pressure. Preliminary results indicate that those implants in nude mice, responding favorably to pressure jackets, show changes consistent with those previously obtained in human studies. The collagen matrix shows reduced density and parallel layering …

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Ultraviolet Absorption Microspectrophotometry Of Plant Cell Types Of Different Biodegradabilities, D. E. Akin, L. L. Rigsby

Food Structure

Phenolic components within cell walls are the greatest limitation to biodegradation of plants, but the location and types of compounds within specific walls are poorly understood . Leaf blades of warm-season (Coastal and Coastcross-1 bermuda grasses and sudangrass) and cool-season grasses (orchardgrass and tall fescue) and leaflets of legumes (alfalfa and lespedeza) were evaluated before and after incubation with rumen microorganisms for 7 days to determine cell types and wall structures most resistant to biodegradation. UV absorption microspectrophotometry was used to characterize aromatics within selected undegraded cell types, which had been shown in digestion studies to vary in biodegradability, from …

The Role Of Implant Surface Geometry On Mineralization In Vivo And In Vitro; A Transmission And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, B. Chehroudi, J. Ratkay, D. M. Brunette

Cells and Materials

The purpose of th.is study was to examine the effect of substratum surface topography on bone formation in vivo and in vitro. Precise control over substratum topography was achieved using micromachining, a technique developed from the fabrication of microelectronic components. In the in vivo studies, titanium-coated epoxy replicas of micromachined surfaces were implanted subcutaneously in the parietal area of rats. After 6 weeks, bone-like tissue was found adjacent to some micromachined surfaces. Detailed observation of this tissue with the transmission electron microscope revealed osteoblast/osteocyte-like cells and a fully or partially mineralized collagenous matrix. Mineralized matrix and collagen bundles were …

Bone Regeneration Materials For The Mandibular And Craniofacial Complex, Jeffrey Hollinger, Anshumali Chaudhari

Cells and Materials

Due to different functional demands and vascularity, the mandibular and craniofacial complex require bone regenerating materials with physical and chemical properties that are different from long bone. However, certain common requirements to both locales must be addressed. Furthermore, reasons why the autograft and allogeneic bank bones are successful in regenerating bone need to be understood if the researcher is to develop satisfactory alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the requirements needed for bone regenerating materials for mandibular and craniofacial bone repair. In that effort, we have briefly described the autograft and allogeneic bank bones, animal …

Changes In Intracellular Ca2+ And Structure In Platelets Contacting Synthetic Substrates, L. M. Waples, O. E. Olorundare, S. L. Goodman, R. M. Albrecht

Cells and Materials

Platelet structural changes such as spreading and cytoskeletal reorganization that occur upon contact with synthetic surfaces have been well documented . Structural changes such as spreading will vary depending on the substrate involved . Although platelet structural changes following adhesion have been recorded , the cellular mechanisms including changes in intracellular calcium flux underlying these platelet responses are less well understood. In this study, video microscopy was used to image platelet adhesion and spreading while simultaneously imaging intracellular free Ca2+ levels in individual Fura-2 loaded human platelets. This was accomplished using fluorescence video microscopy coupled with video enhanced asymmetric illumination …

Clinical Applications Of Recombinant Gene Technology: Bone And Cartilage Repair, Thomas A. Einhorn

Cells and Materials

Over the past decade, the field of molecular biology has given rise to the development of the applied discipline of molecular medicine. Based on recent developments using recombinant gene technology, genetic mapping analysis and other investigational tools, the physician and surgeon is now ready to begin using those instruments in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disease. This article reviews the history of scientific exploration in recombinant gene technology as it applies to bone and cartilage repair. Clinical cases are presented to show how the fruits of scientific knowledge may be brought to bear on some of the more challenging …

Extracellular Matrix Vesicles In Endochondral Bone Development And In Healing After Injury, J. Sela, Z. Schwartz, L. D. Swain, D. Amir, B. D. Boyan

Cells and Materials

Matrix vesicles are fundamental components of initial mineral formation in endochondral and primary ossification. Regulation of their structure and function is multi-faceted and involves genomic and nongenomic pathways. Their function in mineralization may include matrix maturation and conveying cellular signals to the extracellular matrix as well. Intravesicular hydroxyapatite crystal formation is associated with primary mineralization; subsequent crystal formation, particularly at later stages, appears to be mediated by other mechanisms.

Reactogenicity Of Biomaterials As Studied By Biochemical, Morphological And Ultrastructural Techniques, Leonid I. Slutskii, Natalya A. Sevastjanova, Ivetta L. Ozolanta, Irina V. Kuzmina, Laimdota E. Dombrovska

Cells and Materials

Reactogenicity is a characteristic of biocompatible materials that provokes the reparative and proliferative reaction of connective tissues, a compulsory stage of which is inflammation. Thus, reactogenicity studies should include experiments in vivo. A quantitative assessment of reactogenicity can be obtained by subcutaneous implantation of standard olive-shaped specimens covered by the biomaterial under study followed by biochemical, histological and scanning electron microscopical studies of the capsule developing around the implant. Reactogenicity of surgical threads is evaluated by semiquantitative histological analysis of the wound healing process after suture application. Biomaterial reactogenicity can be modified by changing the structure of the surface and …

Apatite - Cholesterol Agglomerates In Human Atherosclerotic Lesions, Sara Sarig, Danielle Hirsch, Reuven Azoury, Teddy A. Weiss, Iony Katz, Howard S. Kruth

Cells and Materials

The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructural relationships of cholesterol crystals and apatite deposits in human atherosclerotic lesions. Segments of human aortic atherosclerotic lesions were obtained at autopsy , fixed in glutaraldehyde and dehydrated without using any organic solvents. The aortic segments were coated with carbon and subjected to various scanning electron microscope analyses. These included secondary electron imaging, back scattering of primary electrons, energy dispersive X-ray analysis of selected spots followed by area mapping of calcium and phosphorus , and cathodoluminescence.

The information gathered from scanning of selected areas in the lesions by all the techniques …

Cheese Industry Conference 1992, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

What Is Protein, Georgia C. Lauritzen

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Elderberries, Georgia C. Lauritzen, Carl M. Johnson

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Can Antibiotic Test Kits Be Useful?, Bart Weimer

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Agriculture Irrigation And Water Use, Rajinder S. Bajwa, William M. Crosswhite, John E. Hostetler, Olivia W. Wright, United States Department Of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 17 Western States, plus Arkansas, Florida, and Louisiana, account for 91 percent of all U.S. irrigated acreage, with the Western States alone contributing over 85 percent. This report integrates data on the distribution, characteristics, uses, and management of water resources from a wide variety of data sources. The report includes charts and tables on water use in irrigation; farm data comparing selected characteristics of irrigated and nonirrigated farms; and data on water application systems, sources of water, pump energy expenses by energy type, values of irrigated and nonirrigated land, and cash rents.

Cultural Diversity & Adaptation: The Archaic, Anasazi, & Navajo Occupation Of The Upper San Juan Basin, United States Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Recent work in the upper San Juan Basin has more than doubled the number of known, as well as excavated, sites. Without exception, this work has modified and expanded long-held views of the PaleoIndian, Archaic, Anasazi, and Navajo people who inhabited the area. The papers presented in this volume reflect these changes and represent the cutting edge of southwestern archaeology.

Rangeland Inventory And Monitoring: Supplemental Studies., U.S. Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

A technical reference document containing the rangeland inventory and monitoring techniques historically used in the Bureau of Land Management since formation of the Grazing Service

Tiger Team Assessment Of The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves Colorado, Utah, And Wyoming, United States Department Of Energy

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report documents the Tiger Team Assessment of the Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves in Colordao, Utah, and Wyoming (NPOSR-CUW). NPOSR-CUW consists of Naval Petroleum Reserve Number 3 (NPR-3) located near Casper, Wyoming; Naval Oil Shale Reserve Number 1 (NOSR-1) and Naval Oil Shale Reserve Number 3 (NOSR-3) located near Rifle, Colorado; and Naval Oil Shale Reserve Number 2 (NOSR-2) located near Vernal, Utah, which was not examined as part of this assessment.

A Partial Glossary Of Elk Management Terms, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This glossary helps define terms that have been misused during forest planning. Terms that were developed from research on the influences of timber sales and roads during the summer months have been used inappropriately when referring to winter range, hunting seasons, and other conditions. The glossary is based on the results of an "Elk Management Terminology Workshop" held at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest on April 3-4, 1990.

Plant Community Diversity After Herbicide Control Of Spotted Knapweed, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Herbicides and Pesticides

Herbicides were applied to four west-central Montana sites with light to moderate spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) infestations. Althought knapweed suppression was high, 2 years after the spraying the communities were not converted to grass monocultures. No large declines in plant diversity were caused by the herbicides, and small depressions were probably transitory. By the third year, diversity had increased.

Birds Of A Great Basin Sagebrush Habitat In East-Central Nevada, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Wildlife Conservation and Management

Breeding bird populations ranged from 3.35 to 3.48 individuals/ha over a 3-year study conducted from 1981 to 1983. Brewer's sparrows, sage sparrows, sage thrashers, and black-throated sparrows were numerically dominant. Horned larks and western meadowlarks were less common. Results are compared with bird populations in Great Basin sagebrush habitats elsewhere in the United States.