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Influence Of 2,5-Hexanedione, Acrylamide, Tri-O-Tolyl Phosphate, Leptophos And Methylmercury On Endogenous Levels Of Tryptophan, Serotonin And 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid And Serotonin Turnover Rates In Rat Brain, Craig H. Farr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several industrial and environmental chemicals cause distal and/or central neuropathy among other diverse toxic effects. Spague-Dawley derived rats were fed doses of 2,5-hexanedione, acrylamide, tri-o-tolyl phosphate, Leptophos and methylmercury via gavage. The dose levels and administration periods were established in previous experiments designed to assess clinical neuropathy using rats trained to walk on a rotorod apparatus fitted with an electrode floor. After intravenous injections of ³H-Tryptophan, whole rat brain homogenates were analyzed using liquid scintillation and spectrofluorometric techniques for levels of tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Serotonin turnover rates were calculated using the specific activities of tryptophan and serotonin …

The Efficacy Of Multidisciplinary Treatment Programs For Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis, Jane E. Curtis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chronic low-back pain is a prevalent and costly problem for many adults in the United States. Currently, multidisciplinary treatment approaches are the treatment of choice for this problem. A meta-analysis was conducted on 43 published studies to describe the nature of these programs, the patients involved in them, treatment efficacy at discharge and follow-up, and possible relationships between these characteristics and outcome.

Results show that these programs were often in university medical settings, with an emphasis on active patient participation. Common treatment approaches included physical therapy, skills training, medication management, supportive therapy, and behavior modification. Patients involved in these programs …

Red Beet Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinases And Their Role In Syringomycin Action, Yuka S. Suzuki

Biology

The syringomycin stimulated protein phosphorylation of red beet plasma membranes was investigated. Rabbit antisera directed against N- and C-termini and the nucleotide binding site of the H⁺-ATPase detected the 100 kD polypeptide of this enzyme in the plasma membrane. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the 100 kD polypeptide was phosphorylated, and syringomycin stimulated the phosphorylation in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. Phosphoamino acids in the immunoprecipitates were phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. These findings are evidence that syringomycin stimulates the phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase. Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, did not affect protein phosphorylation of syringomycin-treated and …

Synchronous Sporulation And Identification Of Two Secretory Proteins Associated With Sexual Reproduction Of Ascosphaera Proliperda, Meixiong Wu

Biology

Two secretory proteins associated with sexual reproduction m the bee pathogenic fungus Ascosphaera proliperda Skou were identified. In order to obtain sufficient quantities of homogeneous cells for this study, a minimal medium (MM) was developed to synchronously induce sporulation of A. proliperda. By culturing a mixture of sexually compatible mycelial fragments on this MM, a high degree of synchronous sporulation of the fungus was obtained. Monoclonal antibodies (McA) produced against secretory vesicles isolated from the synchronously sporulating cultures of A. proliperda were used to study antigens associated with sexual reproduction of this fungus. Two secretory proteins (SSF3 and SSE4) …

Interactions Between Populations Of Intermediate Wheatgrass And Western Wheatgrass As Influenced By Short-Duration Grazing And Moisture Availability, Gerrit B. Bartels

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of grazing and moisture availability on the competitive interactions of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey) and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rhydb.) A. Love) were examined under a short-duration grazing system in central Utah. The fate of tiller cohorts was observed at approximately monthly intervals at the interface between patches of these two rhizomatous grasses and in monospecific stands. The effects of short-duration grazing, clipping of western wheatgrass following grazing to achieve levels of utilization equivalent to that of intermediate wheatgrass, irrigation, and removal of the competitor were assessed in terms of the …

The Influence Of Redd Distribution And Microhabitat Availability On The Distribution And Abundance Of Young-Of-The-Year Trout In The Green River, Utah, Michael J. Buntjer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Redd distribution, redd density, and physical habitat were used to explain the distribution and abundance of young-of-the-year (YOY) brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Green River, Utah. The importance of variables at both a microhabitat and macrohabitat scale were assessed using stepwise regression analysis. Availability of cover (rock and vegetation) and proximity to spawning sites were the most important variables used to explain the distribution and abundance of YOY brown trout and rainbow trout. In addition, YOY brown trout and rainbow trout occupied specific microhabitats and showed patterns of use for …

The Behavioral Responses Of Utah Prairie Dogs (Cynomys Parvidens) To Translocation, Steven H. Ackers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In cases where refuge acquisition or captive breeding programs are not practical or justifiable, wild caught animals are frequently translocated into areas of suitable habitat. Such management programs seldom are designed to account for the behavioral responses of translocated animals to an unfamiliar habitat, breakup of social units, and/or interactions with existing social units in the new habitat. Ongoing efforts to translocate threatened Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) from areas where conflicts with other land uses are occurring to public land sites have met with limited success. This could be due, in part, to behavioral responses associated with …

Desert Bighorn Sheep And Riverboat Interactions In Cataract Canyon, Utah, Mark C. Stanger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I studied desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) behavior and habitat use in response to boating activities during 1985. The percent of total observed time in attention behavior before the boating season, during the boating season, and while riverboats were< 0.8 km from bighorn sheep groups was 1, 1.4, and 12.2, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure did not significantly differ for high riverboat pressures (2 > 0.2) or seasonal comparisons (2 > 0.1). Habitat use significantly differed for proximity to the river, which was probably related to the summer use of the river for drinking. Moderate, minor, and no responses to passing riverboats were observed 3, 39, and 58%, respectively. Responses to riverboats did not significantly differ according to time of day (2 > 0.15) or …

The Effect Of Computer-Assisted Nutrition Education On Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Status, Dietary Compliance, And Quality Of Life Of Hemodialysis Patients, Julianne Stewart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition education utilizing computerized dietary analysis on nutrition knowledge, dietary compliance, nutrition status, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients of the Bonneville Dialysis Center in Ogden, Utah voluntarily agreed to participate in this six-month study. All participants completed quality of life assessments, the Beck Depression Inventory© (BDI), and a nutrition knowledge assessment pre- and post-study. Patients in the treatment group (n=12) completed monthly 3-day food records which were analyzed by Computrition® nutrient analysis software. Results were discussed with the patients during one-on-one education sessions. Control patients (n=8) completed …

Economic Analysis Of Dryland Wheat Tillage Practices In Box Elder County, Utah, Michael Dale Bond

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the economic viability of various dryland wheat tillage systems, many of which were developed from years of cooperative research efforts.

In the study three conventional tillage methods were analyzed along with ten conservation tillage practices. The study farm consisted of 2000 acres, of which 1000 acres are classified as land 1 and its wheat yield is assumed to be 35 bushels per acre for non-continuous tillage methods and 23 bushels per acre for continuous tillage methods. The remaining 1000 acres are classed as land 2 and its assumed wheat yield is 30 …

Effect Of Feeding A Viable Yeast Culture With Or Without Aspergillus Oryzae On Milk Production, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, And Nutrient Degradability In Holstein Cows, Daeyoon Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four early to midlactation Holstein cows were allocated to one of three treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration plus 60 g wheat bran per day per head (control); 2) basal ration plus 57 g yeast culture per day per head; 3) basal ration plus 57 g yeast culture plus 3 g Aspergillus oryzae per day per head. Feed intake and milk yield were recoreded daily and milk composition and body weights were recorded weekly. Feed and fecal samples were recorded weekly. Feed and fecal samples were collected to determine apparent nutrient digestibility. No statistical difference was observed in milk …

Properties Of Low-Fat Yogurt Made From Ultrafiltered And Ultra-High Temperature Treated Milk, Richard Alan Dargan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Yogurts were made from intermediate-high temperature (100, 110, 120, and 130°C for 4 or 16 s), ultra-high temperature (140°C for 4 or 16 s), and vat heat (82°C for 20 min) treatments of skim milk fortified to 5% protein by either ultrafiltration or the addition of nonfat dry milk (NDM). Whey protein denaturation in heated milks increased with temperature and holding time from indirect plate heating and was highest in vat-heated milks. Whey protein denaturation and yogurt water-holding capacity increased with protein levels in the fortified milks compared to skim milk. Penetrometer gel strength and stirred viscosity in 21 day-old …

Economic Comparison Of Selected Processing Alternatives For Alfalfa, Dan J. Bates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Processing alfalfa for export is of significant interest to areas like Millard County, the largest hay-producing county in Utah. In the past year there have been significant reductions in the price of hay as a result of increased supplies in the central and western United States. This thesis analyzes the benefits and costs of processing alfalfa into cubes and recompressed bales in order to enter the export market.

Costs of production were estimated through the use of enterprise budgets first for the farmer to establish the costs and returns for raising the hay, and secondly for cubing and recompressing the …

Optimization Of Ranch Management Alternatives In Utah, Scott G. Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum combination of various cattle production, range forage, and crop harvesting alternatives available to ranch owners and managers in Utah. While many promising alternatives are available, determining which alternatives to implement is difficult because the total ranch operation must be considered.

Linear programming (LP) is a tool available to ranch managers which allows the profit maximizing combination of improvements to be easily determined. LP allows ranchers to examine the entire ranch operation and to reduce the amount of risk and uncertainty involved in the decision making process.

The typical Utah ranch …

Marten Use Of Subnivean Access Points In Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Stuart Scott Sherburne

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Subnivean prey appeared to be the primary reason for subnivean access point use by martens. A logistic regression was used to create a predictive model for differential access point use. Prey biomass in grams and percent ground cover of coarse woody debris (CWD) were used as variables in the model. Goodness of fit of the multivariate model was 0.216; biomass was significant al p = 0.0003, CWD was significant at p = 0.0718. Mean values for prey biomass at used and unused access points were 174.2 g and 81 g, respectively, while mean values of CWD were 24.7% and 18.5%, …

Responses Of Canada Thistle To Defoliation And To Damage From A Stem-Mining Weevil In Utah, Wendy Sue Halsey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The responses of Canada thistle stems to damage by two types of herbivores were investigated to determine the potential role of these herbivores as biological control agents. Canada thistle stems at a cattle exclosure in Rich County, Utah were cut at one to two centimeters aboveground in June, 1991, to mimic grazing by cattle. Neighboring stems within 30 centimeters were also cut in some treatments to investigate the effects of physiologically connected ramets on the growth and reproductive responses of individual focal stems. I measured plant height, stem diameter, and number of flowerheads for each of the focal stems during …

Sprinkler Irrigation-Pesticide Best Management Systems, A. Y. Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, A. M. Requena, Howard M. Deer, M. Ehteshami

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The relative reduction in potential groundwater contamination due to pesticides at several sites in Utah was determined by comparing alternative irrigation system designs, water management practices, and pesticides. Alternative sprinkler irrigation distribution coefficients were used to estimate irrigation application depths. The movement of pesticides through soils following sprinkler irrigations was simulated with a one-dimensional model. Pesticide contamination of groundwater can be reduced by careful selection of pesticides, using properly designed irrigation systems, and improved water management techniques. Procedures for selecting an appropriate sprinkler system design and pesticide are presented. KEYWORDS. Pesticides, Leaching, Sprinkler irrigation, Irrigation depth, Irrigation system design, Soil, …

The Influence Of Dietary Factors On The Risk Of Urinary Stone Formation, A. Hesse, R. Siener, H. Heynck, A. Jahnen

Scanning Microscopy

The action of various beverages and foods on the composition of the urine in the circadian rhythm and in the 24-hour urine has been investigated under standardized conditions. Orange juice leads to a significant increase of urinary pH and citric acid excretion. Black tea leads to a raised excretion of oxalic acid by only 7.9%. In the short term, beer increases diuresis, but afterwards leads to a compensatory antidiuresis with increased risk of stone formation. Depending on their composition, mineral waters have very different effects on the urinary constituents. Milk as well as cocoa beverage significantly increase calcium excretion; moreover, …

Relationship Between Villous Shape And Mural Structure In Neutron Irradiated Small Intestine, K. E. Carr, J. S. Mccullough, A. C. Nelson, S. P. Hume, S. Nunn, H. H. M. Kamel

Scanning Microscopy

Previous work on irradiation of mouse small intestine has assessed the changes produced by counting crypts/microcolonies, scoring villous shape or examining morphological changes in specific parts of the wall.

This paper used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of whole body irradiation with 5 Gy neutrons on the surface and internal features of the intestinal wall of CFLP mice, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after treatment.

Empirical scores from the ultrastructural findings were inserted into a Morphological Index display calculated from analytical data based on cell counts and area measurements obtained from resin histology sections. …

An Improved Method For Preparing Microvascular Corrosion Casts Of Rat Embryos, S. Yoshida, J. Chiba

Scanning Microscopy

This paper presents an improved method for preparing microvascular corrosion casts of rat embryos (day 16.5-21.5). Special attention was paid on the viscosity of the casting material, the method of mechanical restraint, and the subsequent drying of the casts. The embryos were perfused with Mercox resin diluted with 25% methyl methacrylate monomer followed by undiluted Mercox resin to avoid outflow of resin from the vasculature after perfusion. The specimens were mounted on a stainless steel plate with self-curing resin to prevent flotation, mechanical damage, and collapse of the cast specimens following preparation. After digestion and washing, the cast specimens were …

Assessing The Pre-School Classroom Environment For Facilitative Emergent Literacy Activities And Strategies, Maggie Harris

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In one of his educational goals for the nineties, President Bush declared that "By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn [i.e., in good health, having been read to and otherwise prepared by parents.]" (Elam, 1990, p. 41). By providing this particular goal, the President clearly emphasized the importance of the pre-school years for preparing children for school. Further, Elam interpreted this goal to mean that children must be prepared for school by their parents and that reading to children is one important factor in the child's readiness for learning.

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis Studies Of Early Dental Calculus On Resin Plates Exposed To Human Oral Cavities, T. Kodaka, Y. Ohohara, K. Debari

Scanning Microscopy

Dental calculus formed after 10 days on resin plates, applied to the lingual sides of the mandibular gingival regions in eight human subjects, was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The mineral deposits were mainly divided into three types: A, B, and C. The type A deposits showing an average Ca/P molar ratio of 1.42 were densely packed with fine needle-shaped crystals formed by the intra- and extracellular calcification. The type A deposits, probably composed of Ca-deficient apatites and the transitional forms between apatite and octacalcium phosphate (OCP), were observed in all subjects. …

Can We See Living Structure In A Cell?, Gilbert N. Ling

Scanning Microscopy

Colloid chemistry (κολλα: glue, or gelatin) was introduced in 1861 after the discovery of protoplasm which exhibits gelatin-like properties. Some 80 years later, colloid chemistry (and with it, the concept of protoplasm) was largely abandoned. The membrane (pump) theory, according to which cell water and cell solute like K⁺ are free as in a dilute KCl solution, became dominant. Later studies revealed that rejecting the protoplasmic approach to cell physiology was not justified. Evidence against the membrane (pump) theory, on the other hand, has stood the test of time. In a new theory of the living cell called the …

Utah Science Vol. 53 No. 1, Spring 1992

Utah Science

3 Preparing Students for the 21st Century

11 Welcoming New Students and New Ideas

13 Research in Brief

23 Hands ...for a Hands-On Education

26 Concurrent Credit Enrollment in Agriculture: The Evidence is Mixed

29 Increasing the Department's Role in Research

The Use Of Animal Behavior As A Tool For Biological Control, Melissa Biscornet

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Animal behavior, the way that an animal acts, is a combination of instinctive traits and learned responses to particular situations (Robinson and Bolen 1984). Behavior in young animals involves several different learning mechanisms, including the following: generalization, social facilitation, neophobia, cue-consequence specificity, and harvesting skills. Preferences instilled in young animals through learning can influence diet selection, grazing patterns, and habitat selection later in life (Squibb et al. 1990)

Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy And X-Ray Diffraction Analyses Of Human Salivary Stones, H. Mishima, H. Yamamoto, T. Sakae

Scanning Microscopy

Ten salivary stones in the human submandibular gland were investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction analyses. The stones usually showed a lamellar pattern. SEM observations revealed cubical, plate-like, granular, small and large granules, polyhedral or globular structures in these stones. By X-ray powder diffraction analysis, the main constituents of salivary stones were found to be apatite and whitlockite. SEM-EDS analyses showed that Ca and P were the major elements, frequently accompanied by Mg and S, and less frequently by Na, Al, Si, Cl, K, Fe, Cu and Zn. Ca/P molar ratios ranged from 1.00 to …

Visualizing Cells In Three Dimensions Using Confocal Microscopy, Image Reconstruction And Isosurface Rendering: Application To Glial Cells In Mouse Central Nervous System, Frank Morgan, Elisa Barbarese, John H. Carson

Scanning Microscopy

This paper describes a general method for visualizing individual cells in intact tissue in three dimensions. The method involves immunostaining intact tissue to label specific cells, "optical sectioning" the stained tissue by laser scanning confocal microscopy, computationally reconstructing a three dimensional image data set from the digitized confocal optical sections, delineating isosurfaces of specific intensity within the reconstructed image by a "marching cubes" algorithm to generate polygon meshes defining boundaries of cells, and displaying individual cells, identified as three dimensional objects enclosed by contiguous polygon meshes, using computer graphics techniques. Each of the components of this method has been described …

Quantitative Imaging Ion Microscopy: A Short Review, G. A. Valaskovic, G. H. Morrison

Scanning Microscopy

A short review of recent efforts being made in the quantification of images in ion microscopy is given. Special aspects of instrumentation, detection and acquisition, which are unique to direct imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry, are discussed in relation to the successful application of traditional empirical quantification schemes. Application of such quantification schemes requires proper sample preparation, standardization, analysis, and quite often, special techniques in image processing and the correlation of ion microscopy with other microscopies. Quantification within this technique is a difficult goal which can only be realized if the analyst pays strict attention to every step of the …

Correlative Transmission Electron Microscopy And High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies On The Fine Structural Organization Of The Chicken Pituitary Gland, Susan Tai

Scanning Microscopy

The present study employs transmission (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) to examine the inter- and intra-cellular organization of the pars distalis of the chicken anterior pituitary gland. The overall view of the cryofractured surface of the par distalis illustrates the arrangement of different pituitary cells and tissues in the follicles. Fine structural examination by HR-SEM shows that the membrane of the mitochondria has a similar configuration to that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Granule-like structures, on the surface of the mitochondrial membrane, are similar in size to ribosomes. Standard imaging and three-dimensional imaging demonstrated the formation of developing …

The Ionic Composition Of Ion Transporting Cells In Stonefly Nymphs, W. T. W. Potts, I. Bricknell

Scanning Microscopy

Freshwater stonefly larvae take up sodium and chloride ions from low concentrations in water and concentrate them into haemolymph. The ions are transported by mitochondria rich cells (MRITCs) which are easily identified by their windows in the cuticle. Sodium uptake is generally inhibited at low pH but a few species of stoneflies live in acid waters. Acid tolerance is associated with presence of caviform or bulbiform MRITCs while nymphs possessing only the more common coniform cells are sensitive to acid conditions.

The intracellular concentrations of Na, K, Cl and P in coniform cells of Perla bipunctata and bulbiform cells of …