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The Effect Of Ionizing Irradiation On Type I Collagen Of The Tail In Growing Mice: A Histology And Electron Microscopy Study, M. Q. Yang, E. Kjellén, C. H. Håkansson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

In order to examine the effect of radiation on growing tissue, especially the fibroblasts and their end-product, the collagen fibres, tails from 24 mice were irradiated at an age of 8 days with 20 Gy and 30 Gy (>°Co). Tails from 18 animals served as controls. Six mice from each group were sacrificed on day 8, 20 and 30. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the fibroblasts and the collagen fibrils. Non-irradiated fibroblasts had a nucleus rich in chromatin and an abundant endoplasmic reticulum with cistemae and condensing vacuoles.

On day 20, approximately 50 % , and on …

Elicitor-Induced Resistance In Tomato Plants Against Fungal Pathogens: Ultrastructure And Cytochemistry Of The Induced Response, Nicole Benhamou

Scanning Microscopy

The introduction of gold cytochemistry in plant pathology has opened new avenues for accurately localizing molecules thought to play important biological functions in the plant metabolism. In an effort to understand the process associated with the induction of plant disease resistance, we investigated the effect of fungal elicitors on the cellular response of tomato root tissues during attack by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Chitosan was found to induce marked morphological and ultrastructural changes in the fungus grown in pure culture, including cytoplasm aggregation and abnormal deposition of an amorphous …

Vitamin B6 Deficiency And Galactose Induced Alterations In Morphology And Osmotic Fragility Of Rat Erythrocytes, P. Kaul, H. Sidhu, S. K. Thind, S. K. Sharma, R. Nath

Scanning Microscopy

Recently, red blood cells have been investigated mainly for alterations in ion transporting capacity, membrane bound enzymes or modifications in the structure of its individual constituents in clinical and experimental urolithiasis. However, the implication of such modifications on the physical state or morphology of cells has not been investigated. Scanning electron microscopic studies performed in vitamin B₆ deficient and/or galactose fed rat (established hyperoxaluric models) erythrocytes, showed the presence of large number of stomatocytes, spherocytes and other variously deformed cells as compared to discocytic cells seen in normal control group. These changes in shape were in concurrence with red …

Comparative Analysis Of Patch Lesions In The Chick Inner Ear Following Acoustic Trauma: Optical Versus Scanning Electron Microscopy, H. J. Adler, J. Mantooth, Y. Raphael

Scanning Microscopy

Neonatal chicks were exposed to an octave band noise with a center frequency of 1.5 kHz at 116 dB SPL for 4 hours. Seven days following overstimulation, the birds were sacrificed. Their basilar papillae were re-moved, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and processed in two steps. First, the ears were immunostained with a supernatant of mouse anti-tectorial membrane antibodies, followed by a diaminobenzidine process. Examinations of the papillae under an optical stereo microscope revealed a patch site with a partially regenerated tectorial membrane (referred to as the honeycomb).

After the optical studies, the same ears were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, …

Consistency In Calibrated Backscattered Electron Images Of Calcified Tissues And Minerals Analyzed In Multiple Imaging Sessions, E. G. Vajda, J. G. Skedros, R. D. Bloebaum

Scanning Microscopy

Pure metal standards have been used to calibrate the operating environment in quantitative backscattered electron (BSE) imaging of mineralized tissue, allowing comparisons to be made between various mineralization states of bone at the microscopic level. It has not previously been documented that calibration procedures produce consistent, reliable results over multiple imaging sessions. In this study, BSE images were obtained from bones, pure metals, and a naturally occurring mineral in multiple imaging sessions over a six day period. The graylevel histogram profile (GHP) from each specimen was analyzed for changes in the shape and relative placement on the graylevel spectrum. Computer …

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Studies On Alveolar Bone Remodeling With Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Retention, H. Yagishita, S. Iwatsubo, T. Aoba

Scanning Microscopy

Alveolar bone reconstruction in growing dog during the retention period following orthodontic tooth movement was studied. Three beagle dogs (8-10 kg body weight, about one-year-old) were used and two of the animals were subjected to histological observation. The upper 2nd and lower 3rd premolars on both sides were extracted prior to the orthodontic treatments. After a healing period of one month, the upper 3rd premolar and the lower 4th premolar on the right side were moved mesially with a conventional orthodontic force for 8 weeks, and then retained in their new position for 4 weeks. The contralateral corresponding premolars were …

Noxious Weeds...A Biological Wildfire, Steven A. Dewey

All Current Publications

Invasive noxious weeds have been described as a raging biological wildfire—out of control, and spreading rapidly. The devastation from these alien plants includes enormous economic losses to agriculture and irreparable ecological damage to wildlands

Use Of Colloidal Gold And Neutron Activation In Correlative Microscopic Labeling And Label Quantitation, B. J. Darien, P. A. Sims, K. T. Kruse-Elliott, T. S. Homan, R. J. Cashwell, A. J. Cooley, R. M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

Albumin was conjugated to 16 nm gold particles (Alb-Au16) and infused into anesthetized pigs to determine if plasma, tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of gold could be quantitated by neutron activation (Au198). Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of lung and liver samples was evaluated for sites of gold distribution and morphological changes. The minimum concentration of gold detected by neutron activation ranged between 1.4 and 1.9 ppb (ng/gm of sample). No gold was detected in the plasma of pigs prior to Alb-Au16 infusion, while mean post infusion concentrations were 1.037 ± 0.69 ppm (μg/gm plasma, ±SD). The concentrations …

Heterogeneous Nucleation Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Mammalian Urine, Saeed R. Khan

Scanning Microscopy

It is generally recognized that calcium oxalate crystal formation in urine is induced by heterogeneous nucleation. However, there is no consensus as to the nature of the nucleation substrate. Evidence is provided in this paper that membranous cellular degradation products are the most likely candidates because they: (1) are ubiquitous in urine and urinary stones; (2) are found in close association with crystal deposits in the kidneys; and (3) can induce nucleation of crystals from a meta-stable solution of calcium oxalate in vitro and metastable urine in vivo.

Heterogeneous Distribution Of Ecto-Ca-Atpases In Primary Cultures Of Human Adenohypophyseal Cells, A. Kittel, I. Miklos, E. Bacsy

Scanning Microscopy

The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of ecto-Ca-adenosine-triphosphatase (ecto-Ca-ATPase) in different parenchymal cells of the human pituitary in tissue culture. The distribution of ecto-ATPases on the surface membrane of a particular parenchymal cell varied with the type of cells in contact with this parenchymal cell; the membrane portions immediately exposed to the medium showed low if any ecto-ATPase activity. These results suggest that ecto-Ca-ATPases of the parenchymal cells may be involved in cell adhesion processes and may be of crucial importance in the organization (in vivo) and reorganization (in vitro) of human …

Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of The Healing Molar Tooth Extraction Socket In The Rat, M. D. Mcmillan

Scanning Microscopy

Healing molar tooth extraction wounds in rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy from 15 minutes to 40 days following tooth removal. The wound epithelium, which was derived mainly from the gingiva but also from the cheek and hard palate, migrated be-neath the superficial socket contents. The contents were lost between 5 to 11 days, thus leaving a central epithelial-lined depression. This decreased in width with time as the level of the wound epithelium approached that of the hard palate but was still present at 40 days. Between 5 and 7 days, the wound epithelium became more regular. However, from …

The Interaction Of Laser Energy With Ureter Tissues In A Long Term Investigation, U. Stratmann, K. Schaarschmidt, R. R. Lehmann, A. Heinze, G. H. Willital, E. Unsold

Scanning Microscopy

This study investigates tissue responses after laser irradiation of the rabbit ureter, which serves as an experimental model for rectourogenital fistulae of children. Twenty-five rabbit ureters were irradiated intraluminally by a Nd:YAG laser 1320 nm (2 Watt, 20 seconds and 3 Watt, 8 seconds) via an applicator with radialsymmetrical light distribution. Immediately, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks after irradiation, the ureters were X-rayed with contrast solution and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. For the parameters employed, no apparent morphological differences could be observed. Immediately, the central laser zone showed a transmural therrnonecrosis prevailed by …

Scanning Force Microscopy Of Chromatin, Wolfgang Fritzsche, James Vesenka, Eric Henderson

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a new method to obtain the topography of surfaces with nanometer-resolution. The ability to image under liquids makes the technique attractive for biological applications, especially for the determination of the ultrastructure of biomolecules under native conditions. One growing field of interest is the investigation of chromatin and chromatin-related structures. Different levels of chromatin condensation were the subject of several previous SFM investigations, from the nucleosomal chain, to the 30-nm fiber, ending with the metaphase chromosome. The SFM yielded new information on such fundamental problems as the core spacing of the nucleosomal chain, the internal structure …

The Ampullae Of The Inner Ear In The Lizard Podarcis S. Sicula. Ultrastructural Aspects, G. Balsamo, B. Avallone, D. Calabro, F. Marmo

Scanning Microscopy

The inner ear ampullae of the lizard Podarcis s. sicula were studied to determine better the ultrastructure of ampullar epithelial cells.

Our study confirmed that the ampullae of the membranous labyrinth of this lizard are similar to those of other vertebrates in their ultrastructural aspect.

Moreover, our observations revealed a special type of dark cells, restricted to a small area of the crista. They appeared similar to type II sensory cells and showed a dark, finely granular cytoplasm, containing numerous mitochondria and ribosomes, extensive Golgi apparatus and abundant glycogen.

The morphology of these cells suggests that they may be …

Brine Shrimp Ecology In The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Hypersaline lakes are noted for their simple communities which facilitate understanding ecological interactions (Williams et al. 1990; Wurtsbaugh 1992; Jellison and Melack 1988). Nevertheless, we still cannot easily predict how environmental changes will effect the population dynamics in these lakes, at least in part because even these simple ecosystems may be more complex than we .realize. Many hypersaline lakes are dominated by the brine shrimp Artemia spp. The production of brine shrimp is often very high because the terminal, saline lakes accumulate nutrients that make them rich, and because the short food chains in them (nutrients-->phytoplankton-->brine shrimp) minim …

Vertebrate Animal Pest Control, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Vertebrate pest control deals with animals possessing a backbone. Vertebrate pests include any vertebrate, native or introduced, domestic or wild, which affects human health, well-being, or conflicts in some way with human activities. This conflict can be either real or perceived.

Vitamin E Deficiency As A Model Of Precocious Brain Aging: Assessment By X-Ray Microanalysis And Morphometry, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Patrizia Fattoretti, Ugo Caselli, Roberta Paoloni, William Meier-Ruge

Scanning Microscopy

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is a known biological antioxidant able to quench the lipid peroxidation chain and to protect the cellular structures (e.g., plasma membranes) from the attack of free radicals which are reported to play a primary role in aging. To assess whether the absence of α-tocopherol from the diet of young laboratory animals may be considered a reliable model of precocious brain aging, intracellular ionic content of brain cortex pyramidal cells, ultrastructural features of synaptic contact zones, synaptic mitochondria and perykarial mitochondria positive to the succlillc dehydrogenase (SDH) histochemical reaction with copper ferrocyanide have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis …

The Influence Of 5-Fluorouracil On The Endothelium In Small Arteries. An Electron Microscopic Study In Rabbits, M. Cwikiel, B. Zhang, J. Eskilsson, J. B. Wieslander, M. Albertsson

Scanning Microscopy

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used antineoplastic agent. 5-FU induced cardiotoxicity is a still relatively unknown side-effect of this drug. This phenomenon could be due to a direct cytotoxic effect on the endothelial cells. We tested this hypothesis in an experimental study in rabbits, by scanning or transmission electron microscopic evaluation of endothelium in small arteries (the central artery of the ear) after in vivo treatment with 5-FU. Both local and systemic effects of 5-FU on endothelium were studied 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after intra-arterial or intraperitoneal treatment. Perfusion fixation at physiological pressure and temperature was used in …

The Effect Of Arf-Excimer Laser Irradiation Of The Human Enamel Surface On The Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Appliances, U. Stratmann, K. Schaarschmidt, M. Schürenberg, U. Ehmer

Scanning Microscopy

This study investigated enamel laser conditioning as an alternative to acid etching in bracket therapy. In preliminary experiments optimal laser parameters for achieving a bond strength of 6-10 N/mm² were defined. Enamel surface morphology was assessed and the ablation depth was measured on serial enamel sections. Thirty human molars were exposed to 193 nm ArF-excimer laser radiation (energy density: 260 mJ/cm²) by single pulse application of 23 nanoseconds. Thirty molars were etched with phosphoric acid (37%) for 60 seconds. The brackets from the treated molars and 30 untreated molars were debonded vertically for tensile bond strength measurement. …

The Nighthawk Review, 1995, Usu Eastern English Department

Nighthawk Review

An annual publication featuring student work from Utah State University Eastern Campus.

Insights, Spring, 1995, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Habitat Structure Analyses Of Northern Goshawk, Accipiter Gentilis Atricapillus, And Northern Spotted Owl, Strix Occidentalis Caurina, Nesting Stands In The Eastern Cascades, Leslie J. Rissler

Biology

I conducted several habitat analyses that describe the striking similarity in habitat resource use of nesting Northern Goshawks, Accipiter gentilis atricapillus, and Northern Spotted Owls, Strix occidentalis caurina. The theoretical context of my work was the Compression Hypothesis described by Schoener in 1974, which proposed that the primary ecological dimension to show effects of competition in the first nonevolutionary stages of species overlap is habitat (vs. time and food dimensions). The study was conducted in the southern Cascades of northern California and southern Oregon, east of the Cascade crest. I conducted both understory and overstory analyses of forest structure. The …

Effects Of Artificial And Pea Aphid Honeydew On Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson), A Parasitoid Of The Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal), Staci England

Biology

The larval endoparasitoid, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), is a major enemy of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), which is the most serious pest of alfalfa in North America. The effectiveness of B. curculionis as a biological control agent may be influenced by the availability of adult food sources. One potential source of carbohydrates, aphid honeydew, has been shown to increase fecundity and longevity in some parasitic Hymenoptera. Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), are often present in Utah alfalfa agricultural systems and their honeydew may act as a food source for B. curculionis. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the …

Aluminum, Georgia C. Lauritzen

All Archived Publications

This publication addresses the risks involved with using aluminum.

Expression Of Hamster Retinoic Acid Receptor Β2 And Β4 During Development And The Effect Of Retinoic Acid, Dolores Diaz

Biology

The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) constitute a group of nuclear proteins that belong to the steroid and thyroid-hormone receptor superfamily. They act as ligand-inducible transcriptional regulatory factors and provide a model for the molecular mechanism of action of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives). The objective of this study was to identify one or more isoforms of the retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) in hamster embryos, and to study their expression during development and after retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Total RNA was extracted from a 12-day-old hamster embryo, reverse transcribed and tailed with dGTP. The resulting cDNA was subjected to anchored-polymerase chain …

Saint-Exupéry's Confession: The Little Prince As Autobiography And Credo, John L. Needham

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

At some time, everyone reads The Little Prince. And most readers take great interest in its exotic story of the solitary heir of Asteroid B-612. "He is a cosmic urchin who leaves his asteroid," writes biographer, Stacy Schiff,

because of a misunderstanding with a troublesome rose; he makes a speedy survey of adult logic in six visits to neighboring asteroids, each [inhabited] by a man more ridiculous than the last; he lands in the Sahara, where he meets the aviator who serves as the book's narrator; and learns a few crucial lessons from a fox before disappearing into the air. …

An Analysis Of Isenberg's Aesthetic Theory And Its Application To The Works Of Monet And Smokey, Tracee Elizabeth Gross

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy, which attempts to define art using a set of purported characteristics that, when applied to particular pieces, will aid in making discriminations between art and non-art. Aesthetics also traditionally examines the creation, appreciation, and criticism of art. Theories of aesthetics are constructed to assist one in making judgments as to whether or not a piece is art or is beautiful. Ideally, theories serve two primary tasks. The first is to provide an explanation, which will aid in separating out those items not covered in the scope of the theory. Also, theories are used as …

"Doctors Should Not Participate In Active Physician Assisted Killing", Todd Jorgenson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

All eyes were on the Oregon ballot this past November 8, as Proposition 16 was introduced to the public. Should the Proposition pass, Oregon would become the first state to legalize physician-assisted suicide. At first glance, the Death with Dignity Act appears to offer the terminally ill patient additional freedom in deciding his or her destiny, but it in fact gives a free license for physicians to prescribe death with little if any scrutiny, responsibility, prosecution and even conscience.

A Functionalist Approach To Emotions, Julien Guillaumot

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

There are at least two ways in which emotions can be conceptualized. The first, and most widespread, one is the cognitive approach which implies the presence of internal processes or psychological mechanisms. The cognitive approach says that emotions are the result of evolutionary processes. The second approach is behaviorological. It states that emotions are learned and are nothing more than behaviorological and physiological events. Both approaches, even if different, have an extremely important effect on our world because they may help make societal decisions and therefore manage our environment in a better way. As we will see, though, authorities do …

Green River Foodweb: Colorado Squawfish Nursery Habitat Near Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, Utah, Linden Hamer Alder

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Effects of fish introductions are relatively well studied in lentic habitats, and apparently range from extremely disruptive to notably benign (Kruegger and May 1991). Though researched less completely, fish introductions may also alter native faunas in lotic habitats. Ptychocheilus lucius, commonly known as the Colorado squawfish (C. squawfish), is a fish species endemic to the Colorado river system. The population is currently experiencing dramatically reduced recruitment successes relative to historical rates. Introduced fishes such as channel catfish, smallmouth bass, and green sunfish are prevalent in the Upper Colorado River. The introduced fish presence is increasingly suspected by researchers as a …