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The Problem Of Terminal Xanthommatin Synthesis In Drosophila, John P. Phillips

Biology

A model for the synthesis of the brown insect pigment, xanthommatin, has been proposed by Butenandt, Biekert, and Linzen (1956). This model states that two molecules of 3-hydroxykynurenine condense in the presence of a phenol oxidase catalyzed dopa-dopaquinone redox system to form one molecule of xanthommatin. Two criteria have been used in this investigation to determine the validity of the model as applied to xanthommatin synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (1) Does the model provide a basis for the action of mutants, such as scarlet (st), cardinal (cd), and lightoid (ltd), which block the …

A Quantitative Study Of The Pathways For Estrogen Biosynthesis In Normal And Transplanted Ovaries, Carl A. Perrin

Biology

This investigation attempts to determine the relative importance of the two most widely accepted pathways for the biosynthesis of estrogens namely the Δ⁴ pathway and the Δ⁵ pathway. These pathways were compared in both normal and transplanted ovarian tissue using the double isotope dilution technique with 7⍺-H³-pregnenolone and 4-C¹⁴-progesterone. The effects of ovarian transplants into peripheral tissue on steroid biosynthesis in vitro, uterine weights, adrenal weights, thymus weights, and estrus cycles in vivo were noted. One ovary from each animal was transplanted to the dorsal aspect of the ear while the other ovary …

The Cytological Effects Of Amprolium On The Endogenous Stages Of Eimeria Bovis In Calves, Robert L. Slater

Biology

The effectiveness of amprolium administered in the grain in controlling Eimeria bovis in calves 2 to 4 months old, the stage or stages of the parasite affected by amprolium, and the nature of this effect were studied. Another drug, MK-183, administered orally in capsules, was also tested. Calves with fistulas were used to study the early stages in the life cycle of this coccidian. Six experiments with a total of 79 calves were conducted. Four experiments involved amprolium and two involved MK-183. All calves were Holstein-Friesian males, obtained when new-born. When the calves were 2 to 4 months old, each …

Molt Patterns Of The Western Harvest Mouse And Ord Kangaroo Rat, Frederick P. Andoli

Biology

The patterns and timing of molt of a heteromyid rodent, Dipodomys ordii, and a cricetid rodent, Reithrodontomys megalotis, were plotted. Repeated observations were made on 55 captive individuals, with additional examination of 1,437 museum specimens. D. ordii and R. megalotis differ in molt pattern and timing on both an interspecific and intraspecific basis. The majority of individuals of both species molted in a cephalad to caudad direction. Kangaroo rats acquired the adult pelage with the postjuvenal molt and underwent one annual molt thereafter. Harvest mice molted three times the first year, with two molts in each succeeding year …

The Effect Of Chlorcyclizine, Phenobarbital, Or Aminopyrine On Detoxication And Parathion Toxicity In Galleria Mellonella Larvae, Nasim Ahmad

Biology

Median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) parathion doses for 5th and 6th instar wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) were 152.309 ± 1.644 and 163.982 ± 1.115 microgram parathion per gram larval medium, respectively. Pretreatment of 6th instar larvae with sublethal doses of chlorcyclizine dihydrochloride, aminopyrine, or phenobarbital in the larval medium reduced the mortality due to parathion. Chlorcyclizine (0.5 gram/100 gram larval medium) decreased the toxicity due to the LC₅₀ parathion dose for 6th instar larvae to 32, 20, 4, and 10 per cent mortality, when fed for 2, 4, 8, or 10 days, respectively. The 2-day …

An Electrophysiological Study Of The Sensilla On The Labial Palpus Of The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.), Edward K. Stauffer

Biology

The sensilla on the labial palpus of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. have been investigated employing an electrophysiological technique that permits simultaneous stimulation and recording. A detailed electrophysiological study of the two types of sensilla found on the palpi has been completed. The results of this study present evidence that four sense cells are associated with the short sensilla basiconica: three are chemoreceptors responding to cations, sugar, and water, respectively; the fourth is a mechanoreceptor. A definite tactile sense cell is associated with the long sensilla trichodea. The results suggest that chemoreceptors are also present in the long sensilla; …

The Feeding Habits Of Corticeus Substriatus (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Associated With The Mountain Pine Beetle In Lodgepole Pine, Douglas L. Parker

Biology

There has been a considerable difference of opinion as whether the bark inhabiting species of the genus Corticeus are predators or scavengers. This study was initiated to resolve the difference of opinion for one species, C. substriatus (Leconte). The feeding habits of this tenebrionid were investigated in the following ways: (1) by offering the adults and larvae four possible natural foods under conditions where they had to eat them or die of starvation; (2) by offering the foods that the insects ate in the forced feeding tests under conditions where they had a selection between two different foods; and (3) …

Characterization Of A Group Of Bacteroides, Yung-Yuan Kwok

Biology

Bacteroides are normal inhabitants of human bodies. Because of their anaerobic nature and fastidious nutritional requirement, their possibility of becoming a water pollution indicator to replace coliforms is low unless these problems can be solved. A medium used in this research proved to be highly selective for bacteroides but the recovery rate was too low. Using this medium 12 cultures were isolated and followed by a rather complete identification and characterization. Ten of the 12 cultures were bacteroides and 2 were of the genus Sphaerophorus. In order to fulfill the requirements of being an efficient medium for isolating bacteroides …

Effect Of Different Levels Of Dietary Protein And Sex Hormones On Lipid Metabolism In Male Castrated Rats, Sharad Patel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Male castrated rats treated with testosterone or estradiol were given a diet containing 9, 18, or 50 per cent protein. Total lipids, lipid classes and fatty acid composition of lipid classes were determined.

Estradiol treated rats grew slower, smaller and consumed less diet. Their liver weights were larger when compared to their body weights. Moisture content of liver remained unaffected by sex hormones, but increased with the high level of protein in the diet.

Both testosterone and estradiol affected lipid metabolism; in general, the estrogenic influence was more pronounced and more predictable. Estradiol administration increased total lipids, free and esterified …

Rennin Content Of Abomasa From Bovine Fetuses, Suk Hoon Pang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rennet extract is an important commercial enzyme preparation which is indispensable to the cheese making industry, The term "rennet" is used to denote the enzyme system extracted from the fourth stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Most of the enzymatic material in the extract is rennin. It also contains a small amount of pepsin(15) and some other proteolytic enzymes(4). The amount of pepsin in rennet extract appears to depend upon the age of the calves at the time of slaughter(31).

Some Parent-Progeny Relationships In Agropyron Elongatum, Max W. Turley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty selected Agropyron elongatum clones were evaluated in parent and progeny nurseries with each clone represented by 560 progenies. Agronomic characters evaluated on the progenies included degree of erectness, three height measurements, and green weight data. Correlations were calculated between the seed yields of the progenies and the forage yield of the parents. General combining ability was determined for the 20 clones.

The clonal source of variation for erectness was high. More variation existed within clones for green weight than for any other character studied. Two specific clones exhibited better over-all general combining ability than the others. Successive seed yields …

Preschool Children's Perceptions Of Dogs And Cats As Pets, Roberto F. Reyes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The perceptions of dogs and cats as held by children were studied in six areas of interest. The subjects were twenty-one males and twenty-one females ranging in age from 3 years 3 months t o 5 years 0 months selected from the Utah State University Nursery School. Responses to six areas of interest: identification, sex characteristics, love and affection, companionship, and therapeutic value, were elicited during interviews using a color picture of a mature German Shepard and mature Siamese cat as visual stimuli. A telephone interview with one parent of the subject was made to assess pet contact of the …

Factors Affecting Mourning Dove Use Of Water In Artificial Catchment Basins In A Dryland Farming Area Of Utah, Norman A. Slade

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The mourning dove population of the Howell-Blue Creek Watershed in northern Utah was studied by Norman Slade in an effort to determine why many more doves frequented certain of the 20 fiberglass catchment basins installed in the area.

More doves used basins on the west side of the valley, probably as a result of temperature differences. More doves used those basins surrounded by more land in summer fallow and with fewer basins nearby. Areas in sagebrush were used for nesting.

The number of doves drinking in a particular hour was affected by the presence of predators or antagonists but not …

Paleoecology Of The Lowermost Part Of The Jurassic Carmel Formation, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah, R. Joseph Dover

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Paleoecology of the lowermost Carmel Formation, San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah, was studied at nine localmes 2 to 21 miles apart. Eight of the sections contain fossiliferous calcilutites and oölmc limestones in the basal 35 to 135 feet measured. Thickness of the fossiliferous beds ranges up to 10 feet. Beds of barren calcilutites, calcarenites, oölmc limestones, intraclastic limestones, calcareous sandstones, and bedded gypsum, separate the fossiliferous beds. A parallel-bedded, basal quartz sandstone, 0.5 to 7 feet thick, everywhere overlies the Navajo Formation.

Molluscs dominate faunal assemblages. Shells are recrystallised to calcite, but external sculpture is preserved in sufficient detail …

The Utah Black Hawk War 1865-1871, Deloy J. Spencer

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

From 1865 until 1871 the Territory of Utah was the scene of a little-known war. The Ute and Piute Indians responding to pressure of white settlers devastated much of Utah south of Spanish Fork. During the first three years of warfare the Mormon Settlements south of the Utah Valley struggled to exist. The next three years saw improving conditions but a continuation of raids by the Navaho in the south.

This was a private war. Attempts to get government aid were futile. The settlers and the Mormon Church provided the men and equipment necessary. While the problems faced by the …

Graduate Recital, Marilyn J. Williams

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The master's recital in piano customarily includes works from the Baroque, Classic, Romantic, and Twentieth Century Periods, The recital presented has conformed to these requirements with works by Bach , Beethoven, Chopin, and Debussy.

The partita, sonata, and nocturne represent musical forms which reached their ultimate development in the works of Bach , Beethoven, and Chopin, respectively, during the periods in which they were composed. So great was the genius of these composers that their names will always be intimately associated with these musical forms. whereas the preceding forms were climaxed by the compositions of Bach, Beethoven, and Chopin, Debussy …

Amprolium For Control Of Experimental Coccidiosis In Six- And Twelve-Month-Old Calves, William R. Jolley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred Hereford calves were used in 2 experiments, with each experiment lasting approximately 3 months. In the first experiment, 40 yearling heifers were each inoculated with approximately 50,000 E. bovis oocysts daily for 10 days (500,000 oocysts, mixed with water, were poured over the morning dry feed allotment for each pen of 10 animals). Amprolium was given in the feed at 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for 30 days to 20 of the calves; the remaining 20 were not treated. Treatment was started one day before inoculation. The untreated calves had some diarrhea, discharged moderate numbers of oocysts …

The Development Of Eimeria Auburnensis In Cell Culture, Wayne Norris Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In vitro development of Eimeria auburnensis was studied in cell cultures. The cell types used were established cell lines of adult bovine kidney (Madin-Darby) and embryonic human intestine cells (Int 407); also cell line cultures of embryonic bovine trachea and embryonic bovine spleen cells were used. Monolayer cell cultures were serially propagated in disposable prescription bottles and transferred to Leighton tubes for use in experiments. Coverslips from Leighton tubes cultures inoculated with sporozoites were examined at regular intervals with phase-contrast microscopy for as long as 20 days after inoculation. After examination, coverslips were fixed in Schaudinn's fluid or Stieve's fixative …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Bender-Gestalt, Draw-A-Man, And Wechsler Preschool And Primary Scale Of Intelligence, G. Edward Allen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the relationship between the Bender-Gestalt, Draw-a-Man, and the Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Twenty-two children enrolled in the Logan, Utah Head-Start Program comprised the sample. Product-moment correlations indicated a significant relationship between these instruments.

The following tentative conclusions were drawn:

1. The Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence bears a relationship to the Draw-a-Man and Bender-Gestalt tests similar to that between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and these instruments.

2. The Bender-Gestalt test, using the Koppitz scoring system, and the Draw-a-Man test can serve a similar checking function with the Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale …

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Spatial Reasoning As Related To Solving "Story Type" Problems, James R. Holder

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In this study it was hypothesized that the ability to mentally solve II story type" problems, those presented in the form of sentences, is significantly related to one's spatial reasoning ability and that a weakness in this ability, when tested by the "story type" problems, could be compensated for by training in and utilization of overt "paper and pencil" manipulations.

To test the hypothesis, three measures were used. These were the DAT Verbal Reasoning test--used to control the factor of verbal reasoning, the DAT Space Relations test--used to measure spatial reasoning ability, and two forms of a test composed of …

The Effects Of The Psycho-Social Need For Security On Irrigation Farmers' Behavior And Cognition Related To Water Resources, Dennis Call Geertsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The findings of this study indicated, contrary to expectations, that irrigation farmers who expressed needs for water did not engage in certain types of goal-oriented behavior designed to resolve those needs any more so than did those who did not express these needs. There were four measures of goal-orientation which included: Attendance at meetings about the Bear River Project, actively seeking information about said Project and positive attitude toward development of the Bear River.

There were significant relationships, however, between expressed water needs and worries over the water supply, the experiencing of human problems related to water use and perceived …

Social Class Differences In Cognitive Development Of Children, Jalaine P. Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The social class differences in experiences which lead to cognitive development of children were investigated. A sample of 20 middle-class mothers with children enrolled in the Child Development Laboratory school and 18 lower-class mothers with children enrolled in the Head Start program in the Ogden City School District was chosen by placing the children's names in an age-ranked order. Two mothers who met the qualifications of being lower- class, but not having children enrolled in Head Start, were also included in this study. An interview outline was devised to attempt to standardize the interviews. It was concerned with five areas: …

Language Development In Preschool Children, Claudia Jean Fuhriman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The differences in the language labeling of Head Start or lower socioeconomic- class children and nursery school or middle-socioeconomic class children were studied in this research. Also studied were the differences among children within the two classes in their ability to label concrete objects and actions compared with pictures of the same things or actions.

Forty-eight children (24 Head Start and 24 nursery school) matched in sex and as closely as possible in age, were given a verbal labeling test which included questions in four areas: foods, animals, action words, and positional words. There were 40 questions, and half were …

Nutritive Values Of Russian Wildrye, Crested Wheatgrass, And Intermediate Wheatgrass Grazed By Cattle On Utah Foothill Ranges, George W. Mitchell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A comparative index to digestible nutrients was established for Russian wildrye, crested wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass seeded on foothill areas of Utah. The nutritive values of these grasses were compared by the lignin ratio method, the chlorophyllan ratio method, and the in vivo rumen bag process.

Average digestion coefficients computed by the lignin ratio method for dry matter, ether extract, cellulose, and gross energy were highest for intermediate wheatgrass. Protein was more digestible for Russian wildrye. Digestible energy was adequate in all species to meet requirements for late lactation.

Results from the chlorophyllan ratio method were excessively high and were …

Dietary Factors And Induction Of Hepatic Microsomal Hydroxylative Enzymes By Organochlorine Pesticides, D. Jesse Wagstaff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Induction of hepatic microsomal hydroxylative enzymes is an important aspect of detoxication of fat-soluble toxicants. The magnitude of induction depends on numerous factors, such as the nature and dose of toxicant as well as dietary factors. Research was conducted on (1) endrin tolerance in rats, (2) preliminary comparisons of inductive effects of various organochlorine pesticides in rats to select compounds for further study in guinea pigs, (3) general effects of various dietary factors on induction, and (4) effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on induction of hepatic microsomal hydroxylative enzymes by organochlorine pesticides in guinea pigs. Measurements were made of body …

Determining Market Areas For Livestock Grazing, Robert G. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Differentials between rancher costs of operating on private and public range were studied in an attempt to define market areas for livestock grazing in western United States.

The problem of defining market areas is basically a problem of grouping differentials between rancher costs of grazing on private leased range and National Forests that are reasonably homogeneous and statistically testing differences among means of the different groups.

Several methods were used to group forests with reasonably uniform differentials into market areas for cattle. A grouping of forests which have the same average grazing fee does not, however, yield market areas which …

An Epidemiological Survey Of Avian Tuberculosis In Livestock, Poultry, And Wild Birds In Rich County, Utah, Royal Thair Carver

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted in Rich County, Utah to determine the extent of avian tuberculosis in livestock, poultry and wild birds. Sensitivity was elicited in cattle, swine and chickens by tuberculin testing.

The Mycobacterium avium organism was obtained from tissues and specimens of cattle, swine, goats, chickens, magpies and sparrows.

Methods of eradication of avian tuberculosis and the relationship of avian tuberculosis to mammalian tuberculosis are discussed.

Quantitative Evaluation Of Saponin Content In Du Puits Alfalfa Foliage (Medicago Sativa L.) With Trichoderma, Wang Li-Chun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Selections in Du Puits alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) were evaluated for saponin content. The data obtained from the Trichoderma bioassay were converted to saponin values by regressions and standard curves. It was necessary to adjust the concentration of alfalfa extract in the bioassay so that the saponin content in alfalfa was estimated in that portion of the curve showing a marked response to saponin. A different regression was established for each group of low and high saponin plants of Du Puits alfalfa. The standard curve prepared with extract of Du Puits alfalfa used on the basis of its …

The Effect Of Cattle, Sheep, And Other Factors On Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Reproduction After Clear-Cut Logging In Southern Utah, Paul A. Lucas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Aspen is the most widespread deciduous tree of the western United States and the aspen type is important for water, forage, and wood products. Aspen reproduction on cutover areas was thought to be hindered by browsing and other factors, therefore a study was conducted to determine the effects of livestock, pocket gophers, disease, and snowpack damage on aspen reproduction during the first three years after clear-cutting. An enclosure was constructed and divided into nine paddocks. Controlled grazing by cattle and sheep was applied to six different paddocks during three summer periods. Three paddocks were protected from grazing. Results show that …

Waterfowl Production On A Spring-Fed Salt Marsh In Utah, Donald E. Mcknight

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Results of past studies on the spring-fed salt marshes of Utah indicated that waterfowl production on these areas was much lower than on Utah's river-fed marshes. Waterfowl production on the newly-established Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, a spring-fed marsh, increased considerably, however, after its waters were impounded. It was believed that by determining what caused this increased production at Fish Springs it would be possible to obtain greater waterfowl production at other spring-fed marshes. Consequently waterfowl populations and factors affecting waterfowl production on this marsh were studied during the summers of 1966, 1967, and 1968.

Populations of breeding ducks averaged …