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Effects Of Manipulating Fr Size And Reinforcement Magnitude In Multiple Fr Schedules, Dean P. Inman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Animals performing on simple fixed-ratio (FR) schedules typically pause after reinforcement delivery. The present study demonstrated systematic control of pause length in multiple fixed ratio schedules by manipulating FR size and reinforcement magnitude. In Experiment I, two adult male rabbits were stabilized on an alternating, two component, multiple FR 10 FR 10 schedule. Different colored lights were correlated with both FR components. Stability was determined and mean pause lengths were calculated as one FR component was increased in size until the schedule was FR 10 FR 50. Pausing was longer before the large FR component and was positively correlated with …

The Fixed-Interval Presentation Of A Small Fixed Ratio, Larry Allen Alferink

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In mixed fixed-ratio schedules, reinforcement is delivered according to two or more fixed-ratio components, which may be programmed in simple alternation or according to a random sequence. If the components simply alternate, the behavior is similar to that obtained in a multiple schedule. Pauses are long before long fixed ratios and short before short fixed ratios. If a random sequence is used, responding is characterized by short pauses after reinforcement independent of the size of the ratio and primes occur at the beginning of many of the fixed ratios. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility …

Increasing Resistance To The Negative Effects Of Set, Paul B. Chance

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two experimental studies were reported in which attempts were made to increase resistance to the negative effects of set. Set interference was measured by performance on 1) a task in which a set was experimentally induced, 2) a series of problems presumed to involve implicit sets, and 3) a test of creativity presumed to involve implicit sets.

The experimental treatments consisted of tasks which required set-breaking. An important aspect of this research was that no hints or instructions concerning sets were provided.

The findings offer modest support for the view that learning experiences can be designed which will increase resistance …

An Evaluation Of Stress Induced Mortality Of Stocked Catchable-Sized Rainbow Trout In Temple Fork Of The Logan River, Robert Earl Gresswell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The level of stress imposed by population pressure, handling and live transportation on planted catchable-sized rainbow trout in a northern Utah stream was examined. Production of adrenocorticotrophin, as measured by interrenal ascorbic acid and serum cortisol levels, did not occur in transported or planted fish.

Dead or moribund fish collected from stream or live boxes comprised 13 percent of the 2,000 fish planted. Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, was isolated from 41 percent of 106 moribund fish sampled. In addition, 39 percent of the samples exhibited bacterial growth other than A. salmonicida. Apparently, handling, transportation, and planting did …

Reproduction, Survival And Density Of Snowshoe Hares In Northeastern Utah, William R. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper presents information obtained from 1972 and 1973 on the reproduction, survival and density of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in Cache National Forest, Utah. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to estimate population densities; (2) to measure adult and juvenile mortality ; and (3) to measure natality rates , including recruitment (realized annual natality).

Live-trapping and snaring were used to estimate population levels and to collect hares for necropsy. Fecal pellet counts were used to evaluate relative habitat use by hares.

The results of this study were compared to other studies of snowshoe hare ecology …

Fish Production And Movements In The Lower Logan River, Utah, Eric P. Bergersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Following the abatement of domestic sewage pollution xii in the lower Logan River , the fish population was investigated in terms of abundance, growth, fecundity, production, mortality, age class structure, species diversity, distribution and movements during 1970 and 1971.

Three general groupings of fish were identified in the study area on the basis of species composition, abundance and distribution using a cluster analysis technique. These were located in 1) the tributary stream (7-Mile Creek) which previously transported sewage to the river and 2) above and 3) below 7-Mile Creek in the main stream of the Logan River. A "transition" population …

Teaching Critical Thinking Through Student Self Analysis Of Video Taped Seminar Discussions, James M. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The main objective of the Cedar High School (C.H.S.) study was to develop a curriculum that would be useful to the social studies educator interested in teaching critical thinking skills to high school students. The model for teaching critical thinking that was followed during the C.H.S. study included three requirements. The first was to identify those critical thinking skills that would be useful to students during discussion of controversial issues. The second requirement of the critical thinking model was to teach these context specific critical thinking skills to students. This requirement was met by using a variety of materials, including …

A Review Of Commercial Renewal Districts With Possible Applications To Logan, Utah, Maw-Shyong Jean

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis identifies and reviews problems of and the methodology for solving these same problems that confront many of the central business districts in most cities in the United States. Population. street systems, traffic control, parking, and land use as well as street appearance are considered. Problems of congested traffic, shabby, out-of-date and even dilapidated store fronts, as well as pollution, street construction, parking availability are all very real problems in city centers. Contemporary concepts, approaches, ideas of landscape architects and city planners are examined and applied to solving these problems. The commercial district of Logan, Utah is considered, the …

The Effects Of Direction Of Grouping, Type Of Stimuli, And Class Level On Cognitive Equivalence Transformations, Christopher A. Joseph

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major purpose of this investigation was to study the structure, attributes, and supplemental aspects of equivalence classifying of words and pictures made by sixth graders, freshmen college students and junior and senior college students . A particular point of interest was whether or not increasing or decreasing the size of the groups results in different types of equivalence classifying. Other minor goals were to determine the effects of direction of grouping, type of stimuli, and class level on unique reasons produced and recall of stimuli.

The results of the study support the thesis that there is a cognitive developmental …

Cytogenetic Effects Of Vitavax Fungicide On Secale Cereale On Allium Cepa, Jack Ernest Staub

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of Vitavax fungicide (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) on meiotic chromosomes of rye (Secale cereale) and mitotic chromosomes of onion (Allium cepa) and rye were observed.

The principal aberrations recorded in pollen mother cells of rye were: 1-4 univalents at metaphase I; sticky bridges at telophase I; and micronuclei and misshapen nuclei at the quartet stage.

The principal aberrations recorded in root tip mitoses in onion and rye were: chromosome fragmentation, disintegration, clumping, aggregation and inhibition of mitosis.

All meiotic phases were significantly affected by 1,000, 5,000,10,000, 33,300, 66,600 ppm Vitavax at the 48, 72, and 96 hour …

Regulation Of Rabbit Testicular Capsular Motility: Prostaglandins, Sex Steroids, And Sympathomimetic Agents, Rod R. Seeley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Smooth-muscle active compounds were extracted from rat and rabbit testicular homogenates, and from bathing media of rabbit testicular capsular preparations and were tentatively characterized as prostaglandins. The endogenous prostaglandins were responsible for spontaneous testicular capsular contractions in vitro, but were not solely responsible for spontaneous testicular capsular motility in vivo. In this respect, significantly greater concentrations of prostaglandins were extracted from bathing media from spontaneously contracting capsules in vitro than from inactive capsules in vitro or spontaneously contracting capsules in vivo. No significant difference was observed in the amount of prostaglandin extracted from the bathing media of …

Control Of Rat Testicular Monoamine Oxidase Activity: Age, Seasonality, Melatonin, Hcg, Fsh, Starvation And Irradiation, Ronald Lee Urry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of investigations were undertaken to determine what factors control testicular MAO activity. Activity was high in neonatal rats (19 g - body weight), showed a reduced activity at 53 g, was increased at 145-235 g and showed a progressively reduced activity at 415 g, 482 g and 650 g. Hypophysectomy of immature male rats at 3 weeks of age, or mature rats at 10 weeks of age, significantly reduced testicular weight and total MAO activity as calculated on a per animal basis. The specific activity of the enzyme, as expressed on a per mg of tissue basis, was …

Incorporation Of Protoporphyrin Ix Into Chlorophyll A And Purification And Properties Of (-) S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine-Magnesium Protoporphyrin Ix Methyltransferase, Jii Shieh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Experiments on the incorporation of ¹⁴C-protoporphyrin IX into chlorophyll indicate that ferrous iron may be involved in reactions between protoporphyrin IX and chlorophyll. Experiments using both health and chlorotic tobacco tissue for incorporation studies show that incorporation of protoporphyrin IX into chlorophyll was activated by Fe²⁺.

S-adenosylmethionine-magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (E.C.2.1.1.11) which catalyzes the reaction between S-adenosylmethionine and Mg protoporphyrin IX to form S-adenosylhomocysteine and Mg protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester was demonstrated in barley seedlings. Methyltransferase was found principally in whole chloroplasts and fractions containing mitochondria were disintegrated chloroplasts. Use of detergent Tween 80, precipitation with protamine …

An Investigation Of Cluster Analysis, John C. Klingel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three cluster analysis programs were used to group the same 64 individuals, generated so as to represent eight populations of eight individuals each. Each individual had quantitative values for seven attributes. All eight populations shared a common attribute variance-covariance matrix.

The first program, from F. J. Rohlf's MINT package, implemented single linkage. Correlation was used as the basis for similarity. The results were not satisfactory, and the further use of correlation is in question.

The second program, MDISP, bases similarity on Euclidean distance. It was found to give excellent results, in that it clustered individuals into the exact populations from …

Modification Of Ontogenic Expression Due To Relocation Of The Ry+ Gene In Drosophila Melanogaster, Allen A. Badgett Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ry⁺ gene of Drosophila melanogaster and its associated enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, were employed in an analysis of the relationship between regulation and the location of a gene in the genome. Enzyme assays as an indication of gene activity were performed on genotypes containing zero, one and two doses of ry⁺ genes. Xanthine dehydrogenase activity of rosy genes in normal and relocated positions was determined during development.

The results indicate: 1) the gene ry⁺ is differentially active during ontogeny; 2) the activity during ontogeny is proportional to the number of ry⁺ genes present in the genome; …

Effect Of Various Nitrogen Sources On The Metabolism Of Miserotoxin In Astragalus Miser Dougl. Ex Hook., Robert Parker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wasatch milkvetch [Astragalus miser Dougl., var. oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cronq.] was highest in miserotoxin, a poisonous nitro compound, when potassium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source in nutrient cultures. Ammonium nitrate, added to Hoagland solutions to provide four and one-half times normal nitrogen, lowered percent miserotoxin in the plants. Plants grew abnormally in the greenhouse, producing little growth and becoming periodically senescent. High greenhouse temperatures, up to 45 C, were probably responsible for the abnormal growth.

Attempts to inoculate and fix nitrogen in Wasatch milkvetch with Rhizobium bacteria were unsuccessful in the greenhouse.

In growth chamber studies, percent miserotoxin …

A Comparison Of The Ecological Life Histories Of Delphinium Occidentale S. Wats. And Delphinium Barbeyi Huth, Jere Randolph Holman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two species of the holartic genus Delphinium (D. occidentale S. Wats. and D. barbeyi Huth) were studied in the field and laboratory to determine the factors influencing the life stage development and distribution of these plants.

Delphinium occidentale, more widely distributed geographically and altitudinally than D. barbeyi, is found as a member of aspen and sagebrush communities. Sites are mesic in early spring but turn xeric by midsummer. Delphinium barbeyi, more limited in distribution geographically and altitudinally, appears to be limited to subalpine sites.

Adult biological properties are similar for both species. Morphological and taxonomic differences …

The Seasonal Pattern Of Cavitation In Five Species Of Trees, Herond R. Hoyt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five species of trees were studied: Acer glabrum (Hook.) Dippel, maple; Betula fontinalis Sarg., birch; Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., ash; Populus tremuloides Michx., aspen; Pseudotsuga menziesii Britton, Douglas Fir. The trees were taken from naturally growing stands, between 20 and 40 years old, and about 7 m tall. The trees were cut down at eight study dates extending over 18 months. A 1.5 m section of stem and a branch from the upper and lower part of the tree were taken to the laboratory. Small pieces were then cut from these large pieces and were subsequently sliced into sections 200 microns …

Studies Of Porphyrin Biosynthesis In Higher Plants, Tsung-Chiang Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase which catalyses the formation of coproporphyrinogen from uroporphyrinogen is located in the soluble fraction of tobacco leaves and was purified 72 fold through ammonium sulphate precipitation and calcium phosphate gel adsorption.

Kinetic studies indicated that the apparent Michaelis constant was 1 x 10^-6 for uroporphyrinogen III (pH 6.5; 37° C). Uroporphyrinogen III served as a much better substrate than uroporphyrinogen I under the standard conditions of this study.

Enzyme activity was inhibited by thiol reagents and heavy divalent cations.

Both chloride and fluoride salts inhibited the formation of coproporphyrinogen from uroporphyrinogen.

Enzyme activity was inhibited by several …

U.S.U And The New Toxicology, Joseph C. Street

Faculty Honor Lectures

Toxicology, a branch of science once concerned only with poisons for their medical effects and legal con sequences, has undergone in recent years a metamorphosis on a major scale. The general field of toxicology is defined as the qualitative and quantitative study of the injurious effects of chemical agents, as detected by alterations of structure and function in living systems (Murphy and Hayes, 1972). In common with most other disciplines it has benefited from a growing sophistication in research methods and has particularly flourished in the wake of major advances in physiology, biochemistry and the other basic sciences that serve …

Utah Science Vol. 34 No. 1, March 1973

Utah Science

Problems with range grosses? Look for block gross bugs! B. Austin Haws, Don D. Dwyer, and Max G. Anderson 3

Wildlife notes 9, 21, 26

Infectious calf diarrhea, R. A. Smart 10

Utah's snowshoe hare - a neglected resource, William R. Clark and Michael l. Wolfe 12

Australian breakthrough for animal nutrition research 15

Research Briefs - Agribusiness news notes, Rondo A. Christensen 16

Silage for fattening cattle, John Butcher and Howard Lloyd 17

Pheasant and duck - nest motes, Lorry B. Dolton and Scott M. Stenquist 18

Livestock poisoning - by plants, Wayne Binns and Eugene H. Cronin 20 …

Annual Nutrient And Energy Intake Of The Desert Cottontail, Sylvilagus Auduboni, Under Natural Conditions, H G. Reynolds, F. J. Turkowski, R. M. Chew

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Density And Dietary Habits Of Pocket Gophers (Thomomy Bottae Centralie) In Rock Valley, R. E. Dingman, James Bandoli

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Density On The Population Dynamics Of Perognathus Formosus And Its Relationships Within A Desert Ecosystem, R. M. Chew, F. B. Turner, Peter August, Bernardo Maza, James Nelson

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Biology Of Nematodes In Desert Ecosystems, R. Mankau, S. A. Sher, D. W. Freckman

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Demography And Bioenergetics Of Herbivorous Ants In A Desert Ecosystem As Functions Of Vegetation Soil Type And Weather Variables, W. G. Whitford

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Curlew Valley Validation Site Report, David F. Balph

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Distillation-Condensation Of Water And Nutrient Movement In A Desert Ecosystem, N. Stark

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Terrestrial Models: Animal Processes (Versions I, Ii), S. Payne

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Aquatic Models, Wayne Minshall

Memorandum

No abstract provided.