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Factors Affecting Feeding Habits Of Sheep Grazing Foothill Ranges Of Northern Utah, Farid D. Iskander

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An experiment was designed to study the effects of forage availability, season and intensity of grazing, and distribution and behavior of sheep on their forage preferences. Three grazing periods of 15 days each were used to study the effect of season. Each grazing period included a heavy and a moderate stocking intensity. Pastures were divided by a grid into 30.48 m x 30.48 m compartments. Each compartment was sampled for botanical composition of available herbage prior to and after grazing. Esophageally fistulated sheep were allowed to graze freely and positions of individual sheep with respect t o compartments were recorded …

Economics Of Carry-Over Production And Increased Grazing Season Length Due To Range Fertilization, Paul W. Mccormick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper entails the economic and biological interpretation of the response of rangeland grasses to nitrogen fertilization. Six sites throughout Utah received graduated rates of fertilizer. The coefficients of the production function
Y = a + bN - cN²
were identified.

An initial production and a carry-over response were identified on sites receiving greater than ten inches of annual precipitation. Optimum fertilization rates may be identified by equating the marginal physical product to the ratio of the price of nitrogen to the price of the forage.

Forage response to nitrogen is reflected strongly in the early growth response in …

A Computerized Performance Record Keeping System For Beef Cattle In Utah, John J. Pierce

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A computer program was developed at Utah State University (USU) to aid in obtaining a more complete individual performance record keeping system for beef cattle in Utah. Some computer programs for beef cattle records presently exist but a program was needed that was readily available to the USU animal science extension and resident staff.

The program was written in FORTRAN for use on the Burrogh 6700 computer located at the Utah State University Computer Center. It was designed to read input data for individual animals, perform various calculations (i. e. days of age, adjusted weaning weight and weaning weight ratio), …

Development Of Irrigation In Wasatch County, Craig Woods Fuller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A primary basis for settlement locations in the great basin by the Mormons was the availability of water. The settlement of Heber Valley was no exception.

Water became quickly involved in two important and determining factors (cooperation and self-reliance) in the development of Mormon society in general and Wasatch County's society in particular. Likewise, these two factors influenced the direction in the development of water as it was utilized by the Mormons to establish the "Kingdom of God" on earth. Cooperation and self-reliance in Wasatch County were changed as modifications within the county were made as well as by other …

Mitochondrial Activity Of Hardened And Nonhardened Rye (Secale Cereale) Plants Exposed To Freezing Temperatures, Bryce D. Bennett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five day old dark-grown seedlings of Secale cereale variety "cougar" grown at 20 C were subjected to hardening at 2 C in daily increments from 0 to 7 days, to temperature stress at -5 C for 0, 1, and 3 days, and to recovery at 20 C for 0, 1, and 3 days. Unhardened plants were killed by temperature stress but as the time of hardening increased fewer plants were killed. After 5 days of hardening all plants survived subsequent freezing stress.

Mitochondria were isolated from the plants after they received various combinations of the three temperature treatments. There were …

Breeding Bird Populations And Habitat Utilization In Aspen Stands Of Upper Logan Canyon, Janet L. Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Censuses of two 20-acre plots in upper Logan Canyon, Utah, were made by the spot-mapping method during 1970 and 1971 to determine the differences in composition and density of breeding-bird populations in aspen stands of significantly different density and stature. The less dense stand of greater average d.b.h., average height and per cent ground cover had 20 breeding species totalling 615 pairs per 100 acres (expressed as equivalent territories). The more dense stand of smaller trees and brushy undergrowth had 14 breeding species with 267.5 equivalent territories per 100 acres. Nine species were found on both areas. Observations of foraging …

Mercury, Dieldrin, Ddt, Dde, And Pcb Levels In Tissues From Fish And Wildlife In Utah, Fred A. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fish and wildlife were randomly sampled in Utah from pre-selected x areas and analyzed for levels of total mercury, dieldrin, DDT, and DDE. Levels were well within consumptive tolerance or guideline limits except for mercury levels of fish in Willard Bay Reservoir. PCB's were also identified in a large proportion of samples.

None of the chukars, 6 percent of the pheasants, 4 percent of the waterfowl, and none of the fish sampled, excluding Willard Bay Reservoir, were above the 0.5 ppm guideline level for mercury established by the Food and Drug Administration. Seventy-seven percent of the fish sampled from Willard …

Primary Production In A Cache Valley, Utah Farm Pond, J. Kent Summers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Primary production was measured on a 9.5 acre Cache Valley, Utah farm pond from July 1971 to July 1972. Polyethylene film tubes, with lids, were used to confine columns of water for determining dissolved oxygen concentration. Once a week, dissolved oxygen samples were taken at sunset, the following sunrise and sunset. Annual primary production was estimated at 1289 grams oxygen per square meter for two of the four stations, and 927 grams oxygen per square meter for the remaining two stations.

The weekly data was computed at once a month intervals to see if it would be possible to get …

Some Economic Aspects Of Beef Crossbreeding In Utah, William L. Beaty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine empirically if crossbreeding offers a more profitable alternative to Utah cattlemen than straightbreeding. Ranchers practicing breed crossing were interviewed to determine the relative merits of crossbreeding and straightbreeding in the categories of calf crop, weaning weight, sale price, and minor economic factors under ranch conditions. Crossbred and straightbred sale prices were analyzed utilizing the records of the Smithfield Livestock Auction.

Analysis of rancher interview data indicated that crossbred animals exceeded straightbreds in weaning weight and sale price. Crossbreds were further credited with lowering herd disease levels. No generalizations from comparative calf crop …

Mule Deer Use Patterns As Related To Pinyon-Juniper Conversion In Utah, Ted L. Terrel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Objectives were (1) to evaluate the seasonal and daily use by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) of adjoining converted and natural pinyon pine-Utah juniper woodland (P-J) winter range, and (2) to determine the major factors influencing mule deer use of converted P-J range to provide criteria for deer management. The study was conducted on 3 sites in central, eastern, and southeastern Utah between 1969-72. Data for 1969-72 on physiographic, climatic, and vegetational attributes of the three Utah study areas were related to data from approximately 10,000 deer observations, 5,000 0.01-acre pellet-group count plots, feeding observations of 1,100 deer, 220 …

Concept Development Among Kindergarten Children, Craig Boswell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis examined the basic developmental concepts , space, quantity, time, miscellaneous, as they related to family size, sex, and rural-urban environment among kindergarten children.

The Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was individually administered to 53 students from two kindergarten classes--one from Ogden City School District and one from Cache County School District.

The findings indicated that family size, sex of the child, or urban-rural environment produced no significant differences in concept development among kindergarten children.

Number Concept Development In Young Children, Karen Lee Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of tutorial instruction was studied as it influences number concept development in preschool children. The research was conducted in the Logan and Providence areas of Cache County, Utah, with 24 non-preschool four-year-old children. Twelve of the children were given tutorial experience through the use of children's flannel board stories written by the author. The stories were developed to t each the number concepts of not first or last, second, third, pair, and Medium sized.

It was found that the 12 children who received tutorial experiences significantly increased in score on the Boehm Test …

Family Conditions And Practices Related To Waste Paper Output, Dena Lee Child Call

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Paper waste discarded by families of five persons in Logan City was studied for two seven-day periods. The sample consisted of 42 families comprised of a father who was employed full-time, a mother, and three children living at home. A questionnaire was administered to each family for the purpose of describing the sample, and to determine some of their family conditions and practices.

Sample families were given plastic bags for storing of waste paper, which was collected at the end of each seven-day period. The weight of all paper discards was tabulated for each family. Seven of these families were …

Range Improvement By Waterspreading In The Gash Delta, Kassala Province: Democratic Republic Of The Sudan, Farid D. Iskander

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The area north of latitude 14° north in the Sudan is characterized by unreliable precipitation patterns and a high incidence of a drouth period following the first rain of the "rainy season." In this region it is not uncommon to have a completely dry year without a single rain shower. The damage occurring to the plant cover when a drouth period follows the first rain is great. This is especially the case for the annual plant species in that such precipitation distribution patterns tend to exhaust the seed supply in the soil and do not supply adequate moisture for seed …

An Approach To Range Inventory For The Annual Range Type Of The Arid And Semi-Arid Regions Of The Sudan, Farid D. Iskander

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Range inventory, by definition, is the evaluation of the range resources to determine a proper and safe level of stocking and to provide a record of vegetation and vegetation changes (Stoddart and Smith, 1955). Range survey is defined by the Range Conservation Glossary, Soil Conservation Service (1944) as "a systematic and comprehensive inventory and analysis of the range resources and related management problems of a range area for the purpose of developing plans of management therefrom." Accordingly, range inventory is the quest for basic information about rangelands and the development of guides and procedures for their management, improvement and efficient …

A Study Of The Traditional Grazing System Of The Nomadic Rezeigat In Darfur Province Of The Sudan, Moustafa Ahmed Rahama

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Sudan is a country of Africa of nearly 1 million square miles (Fig. 1) with a population of 16 million people and lying between 3 and 21° latitude. In the tropical climate over 100°F can be recorded during any month of the year.

Water Quality As A Land Use Determinant For The Bear Lake Valley, Utah-Idaho, Hayden L. Street

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The goal of this research has been to prove that changes in water quality resulting from changes in land use could result in a threatened decrease in economic utility of land uses in the Bear Lake Valley. The purpose of this research was to illustrate a process for determining land use and water quality relationships in the Bear Lake Valley that utilized quantified data and projective models. The first phase of the research estimated the changes in land uses and demographics for the valley. The second phase of research utilized the results from the first phase together with models predicting …

Overwinter Mortality Of Trout In Temple Fork Of The Logan River, Daniel Richard Cerven

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this study were to determine the mortality rates of trout in Temple Fork of the Logan River during the winter of 1970-1971 and to identify factors related to trout mortality.

Trout in seven 100-m sections of the 7 3-km stream were sampled by electroshocking in October, December, February, and April. Captured trout were weighed measured and tagged or fin-clipped. Scale samples were taken for age determinations and the fish were returned to the creek.

Water temperature, snow cover, and anchor ice were monitored.

Three species of trout were found in Temple Fork: brown, rainbow, and cutthroat trout. …

A Linear Programming Decision Model For Elk And Deer Management On The Logan Peak Winter Range Area, Ronald P. Grove

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

One consequence of our surging human population is the corresponding increased level of resource consumption. This occurrence renders it imperative that resource managers intensify their management of the world's natural resources. Failure to improve management techniques involving the use of these resources will result in premature depletion of non-renewable commodities and severe checks on the vigor of renewable resources.

Management is faced with the difficult task of searching for astute means of allocating natural resources. Because of the tremendous size and complexity of the natural world, the problem can be extremely complicated.

Mathematical techniques have proved useful in providing natural …

Nutritional Anemias In Selected Countries, Wun-Yuan Mei

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Blood is a constantly changing, highly complex tissue which is concerned with the transport of cell nutrients, the elimination of wastes, and the maintenance of chemical equilibrium. The mature red blood cell takes about seven and half days to develop, then has a life cycle of 120 days. Many factors are involved in this complicated process. Many nutrients are required for the frame-work of the red blood cells and in the hemoglobin within these cells.

Anemia is a condition in which there is a reduction in the total circulating hemoglobin. Anemias may be described biochemically in terms of lowered hemoglobin …

Trout Movements In A Small Mountain Stream, Thomas Mark Twedt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five groups of 400 hatchery rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri), were stocked in a small, mountain stream at 3-week intervals from June to September, 1972. A fish trap captured any fish moving out of a 500 m study section.

Fish began moving at high levels during the first day of each stocking and continued at high rates for 5-8 days (Early Phase), after which movement decreased to low levels for 6-9 days (Late Phase). Early Phase fish moved primarily at night, possibly due to their disoriented state and high subjectivity to stream conditions. Fish moving during Late Phase did …

Proteolytic Enzymes Of Lactic Streptococci And Their Use In Improving Body And Texture Of Direct Acid Cottage Cheese, Gulamnabi Y. Vahora

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Proteolytic activity of Streptococcus cremoris HP, P₂ and AM₂; Streptococcus lactis-C₂, ML₈ and a commercial mixed culture was determined in skimmilk and whey by measuring the increase in Absorbency at 274.5 nm of a pH 4.6 soluble filtrate, following incubation in a 2.5% casein solution. Proteolytic activity, rate of acid production and growth rate decreased in order of C₂, HP, mixed culture, AM₂, ML₈ and P₂ at a regulated pH (6.1 - 6.2) and 32 C. Maximum proteolytic activity for all cultures was found during the stationary …

Formation And Control Of Chlorophyll, Solanine Alkaloids, And Sprouts Of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Tubers And Carbonyl Compound Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Fruits, S. J. Jadhav

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I. Formation and control of chlorophyll, solanine alkaloids, and sprouts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

Incorporation of radioactive carbon from acetic acid-2-¹⁴C (sodium salt), β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid (HMG)-3-¹⁴C, L-leucine-U-¹⁴C, L-alanine-U-¹⁴C, and D-glucose-U-¹⁴C into the predominant glycosidic steroidal alkaloids, ⍺-solanine and ⍺-chaconine of potato sprouts was 4.88, 9.0, 15, 24, and 20 times less than that of mevalonic acid (MVA)=2-¹⁴C (DBED salt), respectively. The efficiency ratio revealed that β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid (HMG)-3-¹⁴C was incorporated via acetate or acetoacetate. The distribution of radioactivity originated from D-glucose-U-^{14 …}

A History Of Brigham Young College, Logan, Utah, Arnold K. Garr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Before Brigham Young College was founded in 1877, a variety of schools existed in Utah. The Mormons at first, and later the Protestants and Catholics made significant contributions to education in the territory.

Education has always played an important role in the philosophy of the Mormon church. In the early days of church history, the Mormons founded schools in the places they settled. This policy continued when they settled in Utah.

Absorption, Translocation And Metabolism Of 1,3-Dichloropropene In Selected Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The absorption, translocation and metabolism of 1,3-dichloropropene (a soil fumigant) in bush beans, tomato and carrot was studied under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions using solution culture, vermiculite and sand. Absorption was monitored using gas chromatographic analysis and isotope techniques. Plants were shown to absorb a maximum amount of dichloropropene by 24 to 48 hr from solution culture and vermiculite. The plant absorbed and translocated 1,3-dichlorpropene-¹⁴C-U readily to aerial parts of the plant.

Bush beans, tomatoes and carrots absorbed and translocated 3-chlorallyl alcohol-¹⁴C-U from solution culture and vermiculite. Levels of 3-chloroallyl alcohol reached maximum at 24 …

Evaluation Of Yield, Yield Components And Other Agronomic Characteristics In Mixtures Of Wheat And Barley, Hugo Villarroel-Arispe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Inia 66 and Siete Cerros wheat varieties, and Steveland and Woodvale barley varieties were grown in mixtures and in pure stands for two years in irrigated nurseries at Logan. These four varieties were also grown the first year in a dryland nursery at Blue Creek. Another set of four varieties was used the second year in the dryland nursery. These four varieties as well as the first set, were tested in seven combinations, with the following percentages of one barley and one wheat variety: 100:0, 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 10:90, and 0:100.

Grain yield of mixtures was higher than that …

The Foods And Feeding Habits Of Botulism Intoxicated And Healthy Waterbirds On The Bear River Refuge, Utah With Emphasis On The American Avocet And Blacknecked Stilt, George W. Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the food habits of healthy and botulism intoxicated American avocets and blacknecked stilts for qualitative and quantitative differences, (2) to determine which invertebrates found in the tracts of intoxicated and healthy birds contained type C toxin, and (3) to explain apparent susceptibilities among different sexes, ages and species of birds.

Based on percent utilization and occurrence of food items in the esophagus, the diets of healthy and intoxicated birds were similar. However, intoxicated avocets consumed higher proportions of Gastropoda and intoxicated stilts more Hydrophilidae larvae than did healthy birds. Because of …

Habitat Selection By Large Wild Ungulates And Some Aspects Of The Energy Flow In A Sub-Tropical African Savanna Woodland Ecosystem, Stanley M. Hirst

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of habitat selection by large wild ungulates was carried out on a 50 cm² area in the sub-tropical Lowveld region of eastern Transvaal province, South Africa. Estimations were made of herbaceous forage net productivity and ungulate secondary productivity on the same area.

Fourteen vegetation types, varying in composition and structure from open savanna to dense woodland, were delineated by association analysis. Structural and vegetational characteristics which were considered to influence ungulate distribution were measured within each vegetation type.

The study area supported resident populations of seven ungulate species during the wet season; drv season densities were higher …

Effects Of Exercise On Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Of Catchable-Size Hatchery Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Gerlad T. Klar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Effects of exercise and the relative condition of exercised fish were viii evaluated for two strains of rainbow trout. Circular tanks fitted with a paddle were used to continuously exercise the fish and a stamina tunnel was used to evaluate the condition of exercised trout. Trout were exercised continuously at one fish-length per second and one-half fish length per second. Serum LDH activity in Shephard-of-the-Hills (Missouri) rainbow trout acclimated to 10 C increased two fold during the first four days of exercise. Serum LDH activity returned to control levels by the tenth day of exercise. Serum LDH activity in Shephard-of-the-Hills …

A Seed Demography Model For Finding Optimal Strategies For Desert Annuals, J. Curtis Wilcott

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A theoretical investigation of the factors that affect the population dynamics of annual plants growing in deserts was conducted through the use of computer modeling techniques. A series of three models of the yearly life cycle of desert annuals was constructed and their behavior examined. The dissertation centers around the third and most complex model, a computer simulation model with distinguishable seed cohorts in a randomly varying rainfall environment. A typical simulation run was for 80 years and cost $1.00.

The five plant functions were (l} seed losses (mainly predation) as a function of seed age, (2) seed dormancy as …