Digital Commons Network^™

Introducing Livestock Guarding Dogs To Sheep And Goat Producers, Raymond Coppinger, Jay Lorenz, Lorna Coppinger

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Dogs that protect sheep and goats from predators were relatively unknown as a method of reducing predation in the United States until recently. An estimated several dozen individuals were using guarding dogs with flocks (Newbold 1974), but only a few government officials or industry leaders were aware that the technique might have merit for the long-standing coyote problem. North American ranchers relied mainly on removal of predators, but removal provides only temporary relief and poses ethical questions as well. In strong contrast, on Old World sheep and goat pastures, the method of choice for protecting stock from Canis, Ursus …

The Need For Urban Animal Control, Gary J. San Julian

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The relationship between humans and animals has evolved over many centuries; in the beginning it was very violent. As humans moved from a cave to a village and later to a farm, they protected their property with whatever means were available. Spears, traps and later poisons and rifles were used to handle wildlife problems. As methods of providing life's necessities were refined, people moved from the farms into the cities. Today, many former city dwellers are moving out of town into a more rural setting. Although the relationship between wildlife and humans has changed from its violent beginnings, competition still …

Evaluation Of Dimethyl Anthranilate As A Nontoxic Starling Repellent For Feedlot Settings, J. Russel Mason, Adam H. Arzt, Russel F. Reidinger

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Few objective estimates are available, but starling (Sturnus uulgaris) and, sometimes, blackbird (e.g., Agelaius phoeniceus) depredations at feedlots are considered serious economic problems (Besser et al. 1967, 1968; Feare 1975, 1980; Stickley 1979; Twedt and Glahn 1982). Losses may result either from feed contamination and disease transmission or, more likely, from feed consumption (Besser et al. 1968; Russell 1975; Twedt and Glahn 1982). These problems are exacerbated by the use of complete diets (Rickaby 1978) which are presented in open troughs to which starlings have access. Feare and Wadsworth (1981) have shown that these birds can take …

Movements Of The Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) In Repopulating Orchard Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) populations cause significant damage to orchards and truck crops (e.g., Anthony and Fisher 1977, Biser 1967, Eadie 1954, Forbes 1972a). Yet their population structure and movement dynamics have received surprisingly little study (Smolen 1981). The scarcity of data may have been due in part to the former availability of Endrin as a highly effective control agent (e.g., Horsfall 1956b), but the appearance of Endrin-resistant populations (Webb and Horsfall 1967), the restrictions of use of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and the inclusion of pine voles in Integrated Pest Management programs have made the need for basic population …

Bats In Human Dwellings: Health Concerns And Management, Stephen C. Frantz, Charles V. Trimarchi

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The natural roosts of insectivorous bats in the north-east US are typically caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees. A few species, primarily Myotis lucifigus (little brown bat) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), have readily adapted to living in the houses and other structures of humans. During the warmer months of April through October, commensal bats sometimes become a nuisance due to their colonial habits and resultant odors, noises, guano deposits, and associated aesthetic and economic damages. Bat ectoparasites and at least one fungal disease, histoplasmosis, are of some medical import and the observation of bats flying about a residence …

Wildlife Conflicts In An Urban Area: Occurrence Of Problems And Human Attitudes Toward Wildlife, Michael A. O'Donnell, Larry W. Vandruff

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Today's world is undergoing increasing urbanization, and as most metropolitan expansions have resulted in urban sprawl, much original wildlife habitat has been heavily modified or eliminated. Populations of many wildlife species have decreased as a result of habitat changes, but at the same time, numbers of some native and many exotic species have increased in urban areas. As the process of urbanization continues and human's intensive use of land encroaches upon the use of land by wildlife, contact between people and wildlife will change in form and increase in residential areas.

Wildlife Population Cycles: Implications For Damage Control Planning, Richard E. Griffiths

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Animal population cycles are not a newly discovered phenomena. References to irruptions (sic, Leopold 1933 p. 50) of small rodents can be found in the Old Testament, the writings of Aristotle and in European histories (Orr 1963 p. 360). The wildlife literature is filled with descriptions and studies of the population fluctuations of numerous species. Despite the vast amounts of data collected and speculation engaged in, biologists only partially understand the reasons for these fluctuations (Archibald 1977, Chitty 1952, Christian 1950, Cole 1951, Frank 1957, Hoffman 1958 Swinton 1883 and many others).

Chem-News - An On-Line Pesticide Information Program, W. G. Smith, R. I. Carruthers, J. Barnard

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Computerization of pesticide information is rapidly becoming a necessity as regulatory agencies expand their activities through enforcement, monitoring, and certification of pesticide applicators. Educational institutions responsible for providing pesticide information and pesticide applicator training for certification must also expand their capabilities for immediate updating and faster retrieval. Two programs at Cornell University, the Chemical-Pesticides Program and the Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (PIAP), are presently involved in developing on-line pesticide information for researchers, extension personnel, and regulatory agencies, as well as for those using pesticides.

Animal Damage Control In Eastern United States, Donald A. Spencer

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This report is an overview of ongoing animal damage control programs in the 31 Eastern States, made possible by scores of individuals and the organizations they represent. The response to requests for data was excellent. For example, all 31 State Wildlife Agencies contributed information on their programs. As was to be expected, the organizations contacted do not use the same format in discharging their responsibilities nor in the records they keep. Thus precisely recorded figures have to march side by side with "educated estimates", but at least the estimates were made by personnel intimately acquainted with a particular project. As …

Black Bear Depredation On Bee Yards In Florida, David S. Maehr

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The development of procedures for dealing with nuisance black bears in Florida has followed many years of antagonism between beekeepers and the State's wildlife agency as well as an intensive effort to mitigate the problem. With an apparently decreasing black bear population and increasing public sentiment for the bear, the pressure to develop acceptable management guidelines has become great. This paper summarizes the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission's efforts in documenting and mitigating the bear-beekeeper problem in Florida.

Beaver Management In The Southeastern United States: A Review And Update, David K. Woodward

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Beaver populations in primitive times have been estimated at 60 million animals distributed across the North American continent where adequate food and water existed (Seton 1900). History books document well the exploitation of this resource by trappers in the settling of the new world. The search for beaver was so efficient that by the beginning of the twentieth century only small numbers of animals remained in remote areas. During the early 1900's however, beaver populations began to increase for a variety of reasons. Foremost among these were trapping restrictions, but the absence of natural predators, reversion of abandoned farms to …

Wildlife Damage Control In Eastern Cities And Suburbs, Vagn Flyger, Daniel L. Leedy, Thomas M. Franklin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The topics covered in this paper are based mainly on experiences with people seeking help from the University of Maryland and the National Institute for Urban Wildlife. Although most residents of cities and suburbs enjoy and appreciate wildlife, we are frequently reminded that some do not, other people only tolerate and enjoy selected animal species, provided that these animals ''behave" - they don't make noise, keep their distance, don't damage ornamentals, and are not messy. Some people are so intolerant of wildlife that they even complain about frog choruses from nearby ponds. Response to wildlife varies such that one resident …

Welcome To Conference Participants, Herbert E. Doig

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

It is a pleasure for me to welcome participants of the First Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference and I bring you greetings and best wishes for a successful conference from Governor Mario Cuomo and commissioner of Environmental Conservation Henry Williams. It is appropriate that the first conference on this important subject in the East be heId in New York since we typify a variety of interactions between people and wildlife that are characteristic of the region.

Comparison Of 8 Physical Barriers Used For Protecting Douglas-Fir Seedlings From Deer Browse, David R. Deyoe, Wieger Schaap

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The success or failure of forest regeneration efforts in western Oregon and Washington often depends on adequate control of animal damage to young seedlings. Cutover and partially stocked forest lands provide excellent habitat for animals that clip or browse young seedlings. Black and Dimock (1969) estimated that animals were responsible for roughly one out of five reforestation failures. The Cooperative Animal Damage study of coniferous plantations in Oregon and Washington (1963-1975) found that animals damaged an average of 30 percent of all unprotected Douglas-fir seedlings each year on the 165 plots studied (Black et al. 1979). Browsing by deer and …

Wildlife Damage Control And Wildlife Management, Dale A. Jones, Hugh C. Black

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

It is a distinct pleasure and privilege to help kick off this conference. But, first, we want to commend the Co-chairmen, Jim Caslick, Dan Decker, and John Kelley, and the Conference Committee involved in putting this excellent and timely program together.

Control Of Beaver Damage, James E. Miller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Beaver activity often conflicts with human's interests when damage occurs. It also has significant impact on the ecology of an area modified extensively by constant flooding. This often makes control of these animals somewhat different than for some other vertebrate species which cause serious damage. However, even though in biological terms beaver control may seem rather simple, in reality other factors including social, economic, and political pressures often dictate our actions more than dealing with the biological parameters of the species.

Livestock Grazing And Wilderness: A Survey Of User Attitudes, E. Bruce Godfrey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The use of America's western rangelands has changed dramatically over time. For example, when early trappers and pioneers entered this area they were used primarily by American natives. Later they were used almost exclusively as a source of feed for domestic livestock. Some land where sufficient water was available was converted to other forms of agricultural production. Since the early 1940's, however, many of these lands have hecome sites that are used extensively for recreational activities (e.g. hunting, fishing, site seeing).

Utah Science Vol. 44 No. 3, Fall 1983

Utah Science

57 CHEESEMAKERS ALTER THE DAIRY COW'S DIET R. C. Lamb Dairy herd management involves more than breeding for higher milk yields. Because cheesemakers are willing to pay higher prices for milk containing more fat and protein, cows are now feeding on more specialized, high-fiber, high-protein diets.

60 USU'S GROWING LACTIC CULTURE SYSTEM G. H. Richardson The Quality and Quantity of cheese a manufacturer produces depend on many factors. The choice and treatment of bacteria are among the most important decisions to be made. USU's lactic culture system can greatly increase cheese production and lower costs.

64 STORING NUTRITION D. G. …

Practices For Protecting And Enhancing Fish And Wildlife On Coal Mined Land In The Uinta-Southwestern Utah Region, Bettina R. Proctor, Science Applications, Inc., Richard W. Thompson, Jane E. Bunin, Kenneth W. Fucik, George R. Tamm, Edward G. Wolf, U.S Department Of The Interior- Fish And Wildlife Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This handbook contains information on the best current practices to minimize disturbances and adverse impacts of surface mining on fish and wildlife resources. Current state and federal legislation was reviewed to determine those practices which were most compatible with the best technology currently available, fish and wildlife plans, and reclamation plans for the Uinta-Southwestern region of the U.S. The information presented includes risks, limitations, approximate costs, and maintenance and management requirements of each practice. Plans for the restoration of specific habitats, according to the best current practices, are also included.

Utah Science Vol. 44 No. 2, Summer 1983

Utah Science

23 WEATHER AND RANGE MANAGEMENT E. A. Richardson, T. F. Glover and A. 8. Haws Weather events can be crucial to rangeland management. New computer models are being used to make both the events and their consequences more predictable .

28 MOUNTAIN THERMOPSIS: Toxicity in Cattle R. L. Chase and R. F. Keeler Hazards due to Thermopsis vary with its stage of growth and the hunger level of a potential victim. Proper management requires attention to controlling the plant and the animals who may graze it.

32 SHORT-DURATION GRAZING DOUBLES YOUR LIVESTOCK? J. C. Malechek and D. D. Dwyer It …

The Effects Of Fluoride On Isolated Corn Mitochondria: Membrane Properties And Oxidative Phosphorilation, James C. Pushnik

Biology

The exposure of isolated plant mitochondria to solutions containing soluble fluorides results in abnormal physiologic activities. These aberrations include an increase of mitochondrial respiratory rates and decreases of the ADP/0 ratios. The changes of respiratory activity are an expression of a fluoride-induced chemiosmotic uncoupling of respiration and an inhibition of mitochondrial localized ATPase activity. The fluoride ion might be accumulating in the mitochondria via a nonionic diffusion gradient since no fluoride-induced mitochondrial membrane disruption could be detected.

Prostaglandins And Cyclic Nucleotides In The Ram Reproductive Tract, M. James Cosentino

Biology

It was the purpose of this study to examine various characteristics of the sperm and surrounding fluids in the testis, cauda epididymis and vas deferens in the adult ram, with an emphasis on prostaglandins, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclic nucleotides. Cannulas were placed into these three areas of 16 mature rams and samples were collected in a vial sutured to the scrotum of each animal. The data indicate a high degree of fluid reabsorption as the epididymis is traversed, resulting in an elevated sperm concentration in the distal regions. In addition, the number of sperm collected per day from each …

Inactivation Of Reovirus, Rotavirus, And Poliovirus By Chlorine In Water, Blair Takashi Fujimoto

Biology

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the rates of inactivation by chlorine of reovirus, rotavirus, and poliovirus at pH 6 and pH 10. The inactivation rates at pH 6 were greater than those at pH 10. Hypochlorous acid was found to be more effective than hypochlorite ion in the inactivation of all three viruses. The efficiency of inactivation of reovirus and rotavirus increased as the concentration of hypochlorite ion was increased. Conversely, the efficiency of inactivation decreased as the concentration of hypochlorous acid was increased. Infectious reovirus was inactivated at a faster rate than the potentially …

Effects Of Different Salinities On The Metabolic Rate, Mitochondrial Morphology And Glycogen Content In The Brine Shrimp, Artemia Salina, Ya Sheng Juan

Biology

The effect of different salinities (1X, 2X, 4X and 8X sea water) on the metabolic rate, glycogen content, mitochondrial morphology and LDHase activity of the immature male brine shrimp, Artemia salina, ranging 5-7 mm in body length, was studied. The metabolic rate was determined by measuring the O2 uptake and CO2 release of the brine shrimp using a Gilson micro-respirometer. Glycogen content was determined by chemical assay and electron microscopic study. Fine structure studies were limited to the skeletal muscle and only the organelles or components of this tissue that were affected by the treatments are described. LDHase activity was …

Nothing Succeeds Like Succession: Ecology And The Human Lot, James A. Macmahon

Faculty Honor Lectures

An Honor Lecture provides a rare opportunity for me as a scientist. First, I have the chance to share, and in a sense to justify, my chosen and cherished discipline, ecology, before an eclectic audience. Second, I have a reason to consider my profession in a broader perspective than I normally do, given the pressures of day-to-day teaching, of grantsmanship, and of acting the role of stern taskmaster to my graduate students. I relish the opportunity to dabble, with an ecological perspective, in history, in philosophy, and in other areas. First, I will discuss my discipline in the context of …

Production And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibody And Its Comparison To Polyclonal Antibody For Detection Of Virus, Bruce G. Harper

Biology

Monoclonal antibodies used in serological procedures have the potential to recognize and identify one single antigenic determinant on a virus that is not shared by closely related viruses. This procedure would have the advantage of reducing non-specific background and would allow differentiation between a mixture of viruses. In this investigation, a monoclonal antibody to reovirus type 1 was produced and compared with polyclonal antibody for immunoassay detection of virus. The tests compared were the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), and the immunofluorescent cell count assay. A comparison of monoclonal antibody to polyclonal antibody in an immunofluorescent …

Utah State University Commencement, 1983 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninetieth Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Induction And Characterization Of Cold-Sensitive, Recessive, Sex-Linked Lethal Mutation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Faisal M. Abu-Tarboush

Biology

The study was conducted to induce and characterize cold-sensitive lethal mutations in the Basc stock of Drosophila melanogaster and then to identify the effective lethal phase (LP) and temperature-sensitive period (TSP) for the mutants. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as the mutagenic agent in this study. Basc EMS-treated males were mated to virgin Canton-S females. The progeny from their mating was individually mated and tested for lethality at 18°C and then for viability at 25°C. The stable stocks obtained were then retested for lethality at 18°C. Two different sex-linked, recessive, cold-sensitive lethal mutants were obtained out of 884 individually tested F1 …

Fluoride Effects On The Growth And Morphology Of Two Thermophilic Cyanophytes Synechcoccus Lividus And Phormidium Laminosum, Ibrahim A. Arif

Biology

The effects of various concentrations of fluoride on growth of two thermophilic cyanophytes, Synechococcus lividus (unicellular) and Phormidium laminosum (filamentous) were studied. Growth of both algae was inhibited by fluoride in the concentrations tested. As the concentrations of fluoride increased, an extended adaptation lag phase was encountered. Synechcoccus lividus was more sensitive to fluoride than was Phormidium laminosum, being inhibited in total growth as well as growth rate. Fluoride effects on growth were compared to chloride and to chloride plus fluoride. The growth of S. lividus was stimulated by chloride alone and in combination with fluoride at all concentrations used; …

Murine Rotavirus Infection: Characterization Of The Disease And Influence Of Host Malnutrition And Dietary Protein, Roger Lee Noble

Biology

A possible correlation between malnutrition and the increased incidence and severity of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in human infants was investigated using a mouse model originally described by others, but which was further defined and characterized as . a part of these studies. Two- or three-day-old specific-pathogen free Swiss Webster mice were orally infected with a 10% homogenate of intestines from mice infected with murine rotavirus. In the resulting disease, gross signs (diarrhea, alteration in intestinal appearance, failure to gain weight) and histologic changes typical of rotaviral gastroenteritis were manifest. Although quantification was not feasible by immunofluorescent staining, this technique did reveal …