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The Utah Statesman, October 3, 1983, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, September 30, 1983, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Integrated Pest Management: A Useful Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has become a popular phrase and is looked upon by some persons as the solution to all pest problems and many environmental issues. Unfortunately, the concept of IPM is often misunderstood and at times misused.

Fence Designs For Deer Control: A Review And The Results Of Recent Research In Southeastern New York, Jay B. Mcaninch, Ray Winchcombe, Mark Ellingwood

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Research on fences for deer control over the last 45 years has involved either the nonelectric or electric designs. The conventional nonelectric fence has been a vertical 8-to 10-foot woven-wire type which has proven effective in several states over the past 30 years. Some installations have included a 2-to 3-foot overhang of barbed or smooth wire at the top. All versions of this fence have been deemed excessively expensive by many consumers, although a recent New York study reported the 8-foot fence in new, high-density fruit orchards to be a very cost-effective control option.

Minimizing Black Bear Problems At New York State Public Campgrounds, John O'Pezio, Stephen H. Clarke, Gary B. Will

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The black bear's omnivorous foraging behavior has been both beneficial and detrimental to its coexistence with modern humans. The ability to feed on a variety of animal and vegetable matter, alive or dead, has been advantageous to the black bear's survival as its range has diminished. Although black bears have an innate aversion to people, many have learned to tolerate humans to acquire easily obtainable high energy concentrated artificial foods. Human carelessness in the storage and disposal of foods within or near bear habit at has resulted in conflicts between campers and wild bears. Forest Preserve public campgrounds create a …

Predicting Deer Damage On The Basis Of Metabolic Needs, Aaron N. Moen

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Damage to agricultural crops by deer has become a serious problem in recent years as deer populations have increased to high levels in many areas. Damage to orchards may be especially serious. Little attention has been given, however, to the basic animal-range relationships that underlie the extent of the damage. Deer "damaging" an orchard are fulfilling a metabolic need for nutrients; apple trees are an expedient food source in the winter and early spring when deer populations are concentrated.

An Assessment Of Farmers' Attitudes Towards Deer And Deer Damage In West Tennessee, Gary Tanner, Ralph W. Dimmick

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) has been involved in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus uirginianus) restoration since the 1950's. Annual deer harvest summaries of the TWRA reveal a many-fold increase in the number of deer taken by hunters in recent years, reflecting the success of that project. However, that success may be perceived as a mixed blessing by some of Tennessee's farmers, whose crops may be damaged by deer or who may have problems with deer hunters.

Meadow Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, Dale Blaine, Stan Taylor

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Meadow vole, Microtus pennsyluanicus, is the most common field rodent found in Ontario and causes extensive damage to orchards and hardwood plantations (Radvanyi 1974a, 1974b). The damage is usually most serious when their normal food supply is limited, especially under deep snow cover during winter when occasionally voles breed (Brooks et al. 1976). The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Ells and Hikichi 1979) suggests that damage to the orchards can be prevented by mowing the sods regularly, cleaning up trash from bases of fences, keeping the ground clean around tree base, use of pitfalls, and especially protecting the …

Mid-Atlantic States Raccoon Rabies Outbreak, Suzanne R. Jenkins, William G. Winkler

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In the mid-1950s, an outbreak of raccoon rabies was recognized in South Florida and marked the beginning of epizootic/enzootic rabies in raccoons in this country. It spread at a rate of about 25 miles per year and currently includes eastern Alabama and most of Georgia and South Carolina. Up until the recent mid-Atlantic outbreak, the southern focus accounted for about 85 to 90% of the approximately 400 confirmed rabid raccoons reported in the United States each year.

Senegal's Trade In Cage Birds, 1979-81, Philippe Ruelle

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Senegal is one of the world's principal exporters of cage birds. The estimated value to Senegal of this trade is equivalent to U.S. $500,000 annually. Between 1979 and 1981, over 1 million birds were exported annually to at least 26 countries. During this period, the Government of Senegal proposed some policy guide-lines and legislative changes to manage this important industry rationally. The present report updates the exportation figures for these years and indicates some of the proposed legislation.

Parasites Of Wildlife Transmissible To Domestic Animals And Humans, Jay R. Georgi

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Parasites of wild animals are of great importance to the health of humans and their domestic animals. Wild birds serve as reservoirs of various forms of viral encephalitis that are transmitted to humans and domestic animals through the bites of mosquitoes. Wild rodents serve as reservoirs of plague and tularemia and feed the ticks that transmit rickettsial dis-eases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. These are familiar examples that do not require further elaboration here. The objective of the following out-line is to review several less notorious but nevertheless important parasitisms that are communicable from wildlife to domestic animals and …

Summary Comments, Merrill L. Petoskey

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Thank you for asking me to participate in this conference, the first of its kind in the eastern United States. We are glad that some funding from the Renewable Resources Extension Act has helped to make this conference possible. Jim Miller, National Pro-gram Leader for Fish and Wildlife, Extension Service-USDA, provided early impetus in planning the program, and as a member of the conference committee, served as chairman of publicity and encouraged wide participation. We are pleased that, along with SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, the Extension Service, USDA, could …

Structural Bird Control - An Overview, Charles W. Areson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Structural pest bird control is probably the most environmentally sensitive area of all pest control. The potential hazards associated with bird control are far greater and far more open to public scrutiny than in any other type of pest control. One error in judgment may bring the wrath of an entire community on you, as well as involve you with legal repercussions from both federal and state agencies. Hazards to non-target species are always a threat when using any type of program with toxics, and potential secondary hazards to protected and endangered species must always be considered. There is no …

Wildlife Damage Control: A Current Perspective, Jack H. Berryman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

I attach special importance to this responsibility and appreciate the opportunity to deliver these keynote comments. We are here to discuss a very important and always controversial subject. The first Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference provides a unique opportunity for all of us to constructively influence the future direction as well as the professional and public perception of this important wildlife management activity.

Will Mammalian Pheromones Be Useful In Wildlife Damage Control?, Dietland Müller-Schwarze

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Rodents, lagomorphs and cervids are the most important herbivorous mammals that cause economic damage in North America. Farmers, foresters, trappers and gardeners have since time immemorial used various concoctions to attract wild mammals or repel them from certain sites or crops. The chemical industry has often used food odors in their animal control products. Currently no pheromone is being used in wildlife damage control.

Rodenticide Selection And Bait Composition To Minimize Potential Primary Hazard To Nontarget Species When Baiting Field Rodents, Rex E. Marsh

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A wide variety of methods is used to reduce potential hazards to non target species when baiting out-of-doors for rodents. The principles involved in making rodent baits highly selective hinge on the biology, particularly the feeding habits and food preferences of the target species. The differences or uniqueness of both the at-risk nontarget animals and the target animals should be assessed and then capitalized upon where possible in terms of susceptibility to toxicant, kind, size and shape of bait, etc. Generally only a few nontarget species are at risk in any particular situation, and the degree of this risk also …

The Use Of Eurasian Dogs To Protect Sheep From Predators In North America: A Summary Of Research At The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Jeffrey S. Green, Roger A. Woodruff

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The authors thank the sheep producers who cooperated in the study. R. Harman, R. VanHorn, S. Ecret, K. Havelock, J. Geiser, W. Bowers, G. Pendleton, D. Johnson, and C. Schwartz helped with the care and evaluation of the dogs.

In the search for methods to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) predation on sheep, livestock guarding dogs have been found to be a relatively successful technique in a variety of conditions including open rangeland (Green and Woodruff in press) and fenced pastures (Linhart et al. 1979, McGrew and Bakesley 1982, Pfeifer and Goos 1982, Green et al. In Press a). …

Ultrasonics: Technology Vs. Tools, Tej Tanden

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Food and material losses to rodents are as old as the knowledge of humans to store food for future use. Humans have had to share their food supplies and learn to live with the unwelcome guests since time immemorial. Even to this day rodents continue to claim a significant share of human food supply on this earth. They have inflicted epidemics that have destroyed large segments of human populations in various parts of our world, throughout history.

Humans Versus Animals, William D. Fitzwater

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In the beginning, humans and the so-called "lower animals" would meet cautiously and fleetingly, both intent on the basic goals of survival - food and water for the belly and shelter or other escape from more powerful enemies who regarded them as dinner entrees. This situation prevailed until puny man threw the first stone or swung a heavy club and realized that he could catch fleeter animals and kill larger ones than himself with his new tools. Thus instead of a grubby existence on plants, fruits, and insects, humans with their new toys eventually became efficient predators. Most of the …

Managing Coyote Damage Problems With Nonlethal Techniques: Recent Advances In Research, Samuel B. Linhart

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1972 President Nixon issued Executive Order 11643 prohibiting further federal use of toxicants for controlling predators; EPA subsequently withdrew all chemical registrations for this purpose. These actions stimulated research efforts to develop alternate nonlethal means of reducing livestock losses to coyotes and other predators. Some of these studies, focused primarily on barrier fencing, guarding dogs, chemical repellents and aversive agents, "frightening" devices, and modification of leg-hold traps, have resulted in new ways to alleviate the problem.

Canada Goose Numbers And Goose Damage In Northeastern Indiana, Ed Cleary, Ken Reynolds

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Any wild animal can be both hero and villain, and Canada geese are no exception. They can and do cause damage. Goose numbers are increasing and present data indicate a positive relationship between goose numbers and goose damage. In Northeastern Indiana, Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima and B. c. interior) damage agricultural crops and cause esthetic damage to lawns, boats, docks and beaches. Indiana is not the only midwestern state with a goose damage problem. During the last year, Wisconsin registered 235 goose damage complaints, Ohio 160, Michigan over 100, Minnesota 46 and Illinois 31 (personal communications with …

An Update On Pesticides Registered For Control Of Vertebrate Pests, William W. Jacobs

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Federal registration certifies that it is legal to market and use the produce in question in the United States, subject to the conditions and restrictions stipulated on the approved label. Federal registration does not guarantee that a particular chemical or product will be available throughout the country or even that the product will actually be marketed at all. If a particular product cannot be found in a local outlet, the manufacturer should be contacted. If the name of the manufacturer is not known, this information can be obtained from the extension specialist or from Product Management Team 16, Registration Division …

The Effects Of Soil Texture And Related Soil Properties On The Distribution And Control Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) In New York State Apple Orchards, John R. Whitney

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The semifossorial microtine rodent Microtus pinetorum or the pine vole is well known as a destructive pest in fruit orchards (Hamilton 1935; Benton 1955; Burt 1957). The subterranean burrows of the pine vole often parallel the roots of apple trees, and damage occurs when the rodent gnaws the bark and cambial layers of large roots and severs smaller roots, occasionally even girdling the tree to more than a foot below the surface (Benton 1955; Pearson and Forshey 1978).

Shrew Damage And Control: A Review, Robert H. Schmidt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Shrews (Insectivora:Soricidae) occasionally come into conflict with human interests. This review covers the general biology of shrews, situations in which shrews can be considered pests (as defined by Howard 1962), and control methods.

An Effective Program In Coyote Damage Control, F. Robert Henderson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Kansas is a prairie state where about 2 million people live. In Kansas there are around 75,000 farms and ranches. Sheep are raised on approximately 1500 farms, either under farm-flock or feeder lamb systems. In January of 1983 there were approximately 200 thousand sheep and 1.7 million calves in Kansas. Kansas ranks 7th in the nation in swine production.

Use Of Electric Fencing To Prevent Deer Browsing In Allegheny Hardwood Forests, Ronnie Brenneman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In many areas of Pennsylvania, even-aged management of Allegheny hardwood forests is being impacted by excessive browsing of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which makes it difficult to secure adequate natural seedling and sprout regeneration for successful reforestation (Marquis and Brenneman 1981). Marquis (1981) estimated the average value of timber production lost due to deer browsing in northern Pennsylvania at $1,075 per acre, about half the total stand value. Chemical repellents, individual seedling protectors, area fencing and other techniques have been used to attempt to protect forest regeneration; most are either ineffective in preventing deer browsing or economically unfeasable.

An Evaluation Of Trapping Efforts To Capture Bobcats, Coyotes, And Red Fox, John A. Litvaitis, Mark O'Donoghue, Mathew Miller, James A. Sherburne

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wildlife biologists are often involved in efforts to capture free-ranging felids and canids. The objective of these efforts is usually to remove individuals causing unwanted or excessive predation, or to obtain study animals. The most common method used to capture carnivores includes some type of leg-hold trap. Numerous references provide information on the technique of leg-hold trapping (Taylor 1971, Musgrove and Blair 1979); however few reports include an evaluation of these methods.

The 1080 Toxic Collar: Economics Of Field Use In Texas, Jerry H. Scrivner

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Although numerous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of various methods of predator damage control, relatively few have discussed the economics of techniques used to reduce predation on livestock (deCalesta 1983, Green et al. 1980, Gum et al. 1978, U.S. Department of Interior 1978); probably because of difficulties obtaining reliable data (Connolly 1982). Such information, however, is important since eliminating expenses of relatively inefficient control practices would allow ranchers to reduce total production costs, thereby increasing net returns (Scrivner and Conner 1983), whereas for state and federal animal damage control agencies, better documentation of the economics of various control techniques promotes …

Evaluation Of Induced Sterility For Beaver (Castor Canadensis) Management Problems, J. J. Kennelly, P. J. Lyons

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The concept of controlling animal damage problems by reducing fecundity of offending species through induced sterility first was proposed by Knipling (1955) for insect control and was applied successfully by that author (Knipling 1959) for eradication of the screw-worm fly. The potential application to vertebrate pest problems was recognized immediately by David (1961) and, subsequently, by many other workers for a variety of pests (e.g. Balser 1964; Kennelly et al. 1970: Murton et al. 1972; McDonald 1980; Potvin et al. 1982) including beaver (Arner 1964; Blanchard 1964; Nevers 1968; Hill 1977). Unfortunately, the method remains today largely unavailable for routine …

Control Of Damage By Mammals In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Each year, mammalian wildlife causes extensive and costly damage to fruit tree growers throughout Ontario. In 1981, in response to the concern among fruit growers over high levels of this damage, the Ontario Apple Marketing Commission and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food requested that we initiate a long-term study of this problem. However, the desire to improve available control practices was impeded by a general lack of know ledge of the scope of mammalian pest problems in Ontario. For example, the extent and degree of damage in relation to seasonal and regional differences, pest population levels and management …