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Optimal Forest Rotation: Decisions Under Conditions Of Certainty And Uncertainty, Rabindra Nath Bhattacharyya

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The existing literature determining the optimal rotation period of a forest stand under conditions of certainty, as well as under uncertainty, lacks the genera 1 scope to be useful. A forest provides timber of commercial value, a flow of recreational services, and other valuable environmental services. Providing goods and services involves benefits as well as costs. Relevant management decisions depend on the net values that can be obtained. The present work developes a more general model for determining an optimal rotation period incorporating various fixed and variable costs associated with timber production and recreational services in an environment of certainty …

Effect Of Overall Indispensible Amino Acid Levels On Performance Of Broiler Chicks, Jack D. Kelly

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An attempt was made to determine the effect of overall indispensible amino acids (IAAs) level on growth rate and efficiency of broiler chicks. There were two overall levels: the low (8.33% IAA, 17.6% CP containing all IAAs at the minimum requirement found in preliminary studies), and the high (10.77% IAA, 21.5% CP with IAAs increased by 28%). Both diets contained 13.7 Megajoules ME (3277 Kcal) per kilogram.

These two diets along with other variations of the two diets were fed to Hubbard chicks. Growth rate, with the low IAA diet was as good as with the high, but feed efficiency …

Color Vision In The Bovine, B. John Gilbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eight heifers were trained using operant conditioning to press a plate to receive a feed reward. Different wavelengths of light were presented as correct and incorrect stimuli. Positive and negative responses to the stimuli were registered electronically. Daily sessions of 17 minutes were conducted in a chamber with external light being excluded.

The duration of the stimulus was fixed at 17 seconds after which stimuli were randomly presented. Only presses on the plate when the correct stimulus was presented were reinforced with feed. A 75% correct choice was the criterion used as acceptable discrimination.

Ratios of correct to incorrect responses …

Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate And Magnesium Oxide For Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects Upon Milk Coagulation Parameters, Shu-Chuan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-eight Holstein cows at Utah State Dairy Farm were blocked statistically according to date of calving, previous milk production, and numbers of lactation at parturition. The cattle were assigned randomly to one of four treatments within blocks. The four treatments included a base ration (control, treatment #1), base ration plus .8% of sodium bicarbonate (treatment #2), base ration plus .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #3), and base ration plus both .8% of sodium bicarbonate and .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #4). The research was conducted from February 1983 to November 1984. A formagraph was used to measure milk coagulation parameters …

Predicting Digestibilities Of Alfalfa Hays With Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, David H. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-four alfalfa hays from different cuttings, maturities, and locations were fed to sheep in a digestion study. Subsamples of the hays along with corresponding fecal samples were ground and analyzed for dry matter, (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and permanganate lignin. In vivo digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined fro each hay.

The hay and fecal samples were scanned with a near infrared reflectance spectrophotometer. Chemical and digestible data for each hay and fecal sample were entered into the computer and separate multiple regression equations developed.

Fifteen other alfalfa hays with …

Production Of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific For The Microgametocytes Of Eimeria Tenella, Marc A. Laxer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to produce a monoclonal antibody specific for the microgametocytes of Eimeria tenella, examine the site and stage specificity of the antibody, and investigate the immunopotency of the antibody. BALB/c mice were immunized with antigen containing Eimeria tenella microgametocytes isolated from in vitro systems. After three intraperitoneal immunizations with the antigen and one booster immunization administered by tail vein injection, the mice were sacrificed and their spleen cells fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol as a fusing agent. Resultant hybridomas were screened by immunoelectrophoresis, indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay, and immunoelectron microscopy …

Behavioral Response Of Desert Bighorn Sheep To Human Harassment: A Comparison Of Disturbed And Undisturbed Populations, Michael M. King

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) response to human disturbance was evaluated in southeastern Utah from 1981-1983. Bighorn response was compared between the Red Canyon area, an area with relatively high levels of human disturbance, and the White Canyon area, an area with relatively low levels of human disturbance. Bighorn were deliberately harassed by vehicles and hikers and immediate response and distance fled were recorded. When bighorn remained in the presence of the harassing stimuli, actual time spent in and proportion of animals engaged in various behaviors were recorded to determine group wariness and activity budgets under harassed …

Calibration Of A Temperature-Radiation Evapotranspiration Equation For Utah, Payam Foroughi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two reference crop evapotranspiration (ETr) equations were calibrated to the reference crop of alfalfa using 45 meteorological datafiles from 13 scattered sites in Utah and four sites in the neigboring states of Idaho and Wyoming.

The calibrations were done against the Kimberly version of the Penman ETr formula. The first equation required measured inputs of mean air temperature and solar radiation. It was referred to as the Temperature- Radiation ETr equation (ETr= CT x T x Rs). The second equation required measured inputs of mean minimum and mean maximum air temperatures. It was referred to as the New Hargreaves equation …

Anthropometry, Metabolic Control And Dietary Intake Of Youth With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Rochelle A. Follaco Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic.

The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for …

Beta-Endorphin And Running Addiction: Use In The Treatment Of Schizophrenia, Mania, Depression, And Anxiety, James Glenn Rogers

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Neither Glasser's (1976) survey data nor popular magazine articles (which seldom cite references) have provided conclusive evidence regarding the existence of running addiction or established causality between this addiction and Beta-endorphin. An integration and summarization of research on the effects of opiates, Beta-endorphin and running will answer the following question, or indicate where evidence is insufficient and explore avenues that require further research.

• Question 1: Is distance running addictive and if so, what is the role of Beta-endorphin in this addiction?

Secondly, prior reviews of research of the effects of opiates and Beta-endorphin on psychopathological illnesses will be combined with …

Structural Changes In Mouse Small Intestinal Villi Following Lower Body Hyperthermia, H. M. H. Kamel, K. E. Carr, S. P. Hume, J. C. L. Marigold

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Heating an exteriorised loop of mouse small intestine resulted in marked changes in the shape of the villi as reported earlier. However, the exteriorisation techniques resulted in non-uniformity in both temperature and effect around circumference of intestine and, in addition, the extent to which handling contributed to the observed damage was not known. The work has therefore been extended using lower-body heating in the temperature range 37.5° - 43.0°C.

Heating in the temperature range 37.5° to 41.0°C produced minimal to moderate structural changes, manifested as scattered, vertically collapsed villi amongst predominantly "normal" villi. No villi showed conical or rudimentary forms …

Practical Applications Of Research: "Enough To Curdle Milk", Gary Haight Richardson

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is a privilege to be given this opportunity and a challenge to present material in a narrow discipline in a way that might be appreciated by many. I like to think I can relate to other disciplines. Although I came to Utah State University to be a music major, a concerned father foresaw that I might not earn a living in this area (he had heard me practice) and suggested an interview with A. 1. Morris before checking into the Music Department. A. 1., Head of the Dairy Manufacturing Department, was as convincing and persuasive as Tony Ernstrom is, …

An Estimate Of Utah's Food Balance, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

People in the state have been and continue to be concerned about various measures of self-sufficiency. Numerous studies have been undertaken in the recent past in an attempt to answer this question. ln a conference sponsored by Utah State University, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Agriculture, several authors (D. Liffereth; J. Andersen; A. LeBaron; and W. Park; 1981) attempted to deal with this issue from the perspective of total production potentil for the state relative to the state's needs for food products, where the food need was estimated as calories, net food energy, or some other basic biological …

Integration Of X-Ray Microanalysis And Morphometry Of Biological Material, W. C. De Bruijn

Scanning Electron Microscopy

It was investigated how to extract both morphometrical and X-ray elemental information from scanning electron microscopical (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscopical (STEM)-images and how to integrate these two information streams either on line or off-line after storage.

Cytochemical reaction products in cell organelles in ultrathin sections are the biological structures of interest. In such organelles four different situations can be met: morphologically the structures are homomorph or heteromorph; chemically the elements are distributed either homogeneously or heterogeneously. A new program has been proposed and described, which permits determination of both the area and the mean net-intensity value of chemical …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 1, Spring 1985

Utah Science

1 POISON-IVY IN UTAH R. J. Shaw and M. C. Williams Conditions seem to favor the spread of this plant, now found in 17 of the state's 29 counties.

7 TRICHOMES: A POTENTIAL DEFENSE AGAINST GRASS BUGS W. F. Campbell and Y. H. Ling Insect-resistant grasses may be a practical method of controlling range pests and serve as the foundation for an integrated system of pest control.

10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR POTATOES T. W. Helms and J. L. Bushnell Better irrigation scheduling and disease control have markedly cut production costs and improved yields.

14 LIMITING EROSION ON FROZEN GROUND …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Tissues - An Examination Of Comparative Specimen Preparation Techniques Using Prostatic Tissue As A Model, J. A. Chandler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A number of reproductive tissues have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis for a large number of elements. These elements occur both free and with many different forms of binding to tissue proteins and cellular constituents. The prostate tissue studied here represents a glandular tissue with both parenchymal and stromal components having different cell types. While no general rule can be applied to the preparative technique for all tissues, it would seem that of all the methods examined here freeze substitution or the use of dehydration fluids combined with subsequent embedding offer the most promising compromise between cryoultramicrotomy and aqueous fixation.

The Importance Of Basis In Marketing Decisions, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The markets for live cattle and hogs have several characteristics that are different from those of most commodities traditionally traded in futures markets. These differences influence the kind of market performance that can be expected and may limit the degree of price protection available through hedging. They relate to or affect such things as the comparability of cash and futures market positions, the pricequality relationship existing in the cash markets and concept of basis.

Causality In Utah's Cattle Prices, Soumendra N. Ghosh, Donald L. Snyder, Deevon Bailey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Price fluctuations in any industry are a serious concern to the economic agents (decision makers) participating in that industry. This point becomes more critical if the industry is the principal one in any particular geographic area.

Limits Of Quantitative Microanalysis Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Peter Williams

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The limitations on secondary ion micro-analytical performance imposed by ionization probabilities, mass spectrometer transmission, requirements for standards and sputtering artifacts have been investigated. The sensitivity of a modern magnetic mass spectrometer for sputtered B⁺ from oxidized Si is ~ 10^-2 ions detected/atom sputtered. For this sensitivity, it is shown that ion microscopy of a part-per-million impurity is limited in lateral resolution to ~ 1 μm. For a 1% impurity, lateral resolution of ~ 30 nm is achievable. Depth profile analysis at the ppm level requires sample areas ~ 10 μm². Isotope abundance determinations in volumes ~ …

Maximizing Regional Gross Output In A Constrained Setting, John E. Keith, Luis Martinez, Donald L. Snyder, Terrence F. Glover

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Most regional policy-makers have, as one of their important policy goals, some form of maximization of regional economic activity. Obtaining maximum output, employment, and income from a state's, or region's, resource base appears to be central to many planning and policy agencies. For example, the State of Utah considered limiting the sources of coal for new electrical generation plants in the state, to in-state coal fields through legislative or administrative fiat. While such a policy was not implemented, it represents the conviction that verticle integration within a region will increase that region's economic welfare. The wide-spread use of industrial revenue …

Impacts By Big Game On The Income And Operating Expanses Of Private Landowners In The Area Of Utah's Deer Herd Unit #19, Darwin Nielsen, Denny Lytle

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

The purpose of this project is to study the impact on private landowners of migrating big-game animals and to access the impact on income and operating expenses of private landowners. The results of this study will allow better estimates to be made of benefits, costs, and economic impacts of proposed management actions which change biggame animal populations.

The Status Of Utah's Agriculture And Its Contribution To The State Economy, Jay C. Andersen, Donald L. Snyder, Terrence F. Glover

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Growth in agricultural productivity and the migration of labor from agriculture to other employment has been a source of growth for the whole economy. From the times of pioneer settlement in Utah, more than 130 years ago, agricultural production has declined as a proportion of total economic activity. Employment, personal income, gross sales, and other measures can be shown to have declined as a proportion of the totals of these measures for the state. Yet, it is this very decline in dependence on workers producing food that has helped the economy to grow in size and variety both in Utah …

An Analysis Of Agriculture's Impact On Utah's Economy Using An Input -Output Modeling Approach, John E. Keith, Charles Diamond, Jay C. Andersen, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Any developed economy, whether national, regional, or local, is characterized by a high degree of interdependence among producing sectors. As examples, agriculture requires steel from the mineral sector, fuel from the petroleum sector, and numerous other inputs from other sectors. Likewise, outputs from the agricultural sector are used in the product; on processes of many other industries. Each economic sector is not only a producer of goods and services but also a consumer, purchasing goods and services for use invarious production processes.

Freeze-Drying And Related Preparation Techniques For Biological Microprobe Analysis, Romuald Wróblewski, Joanna Wróblewski, Matti Anniko, Lars Edström

Scanning Electron Microscopy

An X-ray microanalytical and morphological investigation has been carried out on rapidly frozen, freeze-dried or freeze-substituted tissues. A comparison was made between different embedding and polymerisation procedures following freeze-substitution and freeze-drying. The investigation also included an analysis of specimens infiltrated, embedded and polymerised by ultraviolet irradiation at low temperatures with Lowicryl HM20. The morphological preservation of Lowicryl embedded tissue was adequate for the identification of different cell structures like nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and different types of endoplasmic reticulum. X-ray microanalytical investigation of low temperature embedded material displayed an elemental composition of cells and organelles similar to that found in freeze-dried …

Applications Of Scanning Electron Microscopy And X-Ray Microanalysis In Inner Ear Pathology, M. Anniko, D. J. Lim, A. Sobin, R. Wróblewski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Surface pathology of inner ear structures so far described in detail concern cochlear and vestibular hair cells and the stria vascularis. In man, surgical intervention into the inner ear is very uncommon and when performed is in general with the primary objective of destroying the diseased peripheral end organs. The vast majority of inner ear tissue available for use with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is therefore obtained from animals.

The present paper reviews the progression of surface pathology caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics, acoustic overstimulation and in a guinea pig strain with genetic inner ear disease. The primary site of onset …

Ultrastructural Studies Of Crystal-Organic Matrix Relations In Renal Stones, P. -T. Cheng, A. D. Reid, K. P. H. Pritzker

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Biochemically the organic matrix of kidney stones contains mucoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, inorganic material and bound water. Morphologically, the organic matrix exists as either amorphous or fibrous forms. We have attempted to critically evaluate results from analytical and morphological studies on stone matrices using light microscopy, histochemistry, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction.

On the surface of calcium oxalate stones, there are usually large masses of randomly deposited calcium oxalate crystals each coated with organic matrix. Transmission electron microscopy shows these large surface crystals are composed of rows of smaller crystallites …

Microstructure Of Meat Emulsions In Relation To Fat Stabilization, Chong M. Lee

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

In Vivo Light Microscopy Of Organs, Robert S. Mccuskey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

High resolution, brightfield and fluorescence, light microscopic methods have been developed for examining living organs in situ. The methods permit study of the rate, duration, magnitude and direction of dynamic histologic, pathologic, physiologic and pharmacologic events. In addition, morphometric analyses of such living preparations can provide basic information needed to evaluate alterations induced by fixation and processing of these organs for electron microscopy. Most organs are amenable to such investigations. In anesthetized animals, the selected organ is trans-and/or epi-illuminated with selected wavelengths of monochromatic light, imaged with water immersion objectives and the resulting monochromatic optical images televised using silicon …

On The Application And Possibilities Of In Vivo Microscopy In Liver Research, E. Wisse, R. S. Mccuskey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In vivo microscopy (IVM) provides a valuable method for studying the histophysiology of the living liver. The method allows observation of living cells in the intact organ of an anesthetized animal with an undisturbed microcirculation, at a magnification and a resolution comparable to normal light microscopy of sectioned material. Due to the absence of preparative procedures, the image differs substantially from histological sections, but it has the advantage of providing us with a reference preparation free of artifacts. In the case of the liver, we have the opportunity to observe directly such details as bile capillaries, intracellular fat droplets, lysosomes, …

An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

A discrete version of the continuous joint production model in economic theory is presented for use in designing multiple-use projects and identifying efficient management prescriptions for forest planning. Data requirements are less demanding than the continuous theoretical model, yet some of the more important features are maintained. Models can be formulated graphically or as mixed-integer programming problems that are easily solved via computerized routines.