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The Influence Of Epidermal Growth Factor On Surface Morphology Of Fetal Rat Hepatocytes In Primary Culture, Ira H. Ames, Robert A. Richman, Gerald B. Gordon, Barbara A. Toly, Mark R. Benedict, Maureen A. Barcza

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In an attempt to understand the hormonal regulation of somatomedin secretion in the fetus, we have confirmed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates fetal rat hepatocytes in primary culture to secrete somatomedin in a time and a dose-dependent fashion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the cultured cells had ultrastructural features consistent with those of fetal hepatocytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that cells grown in either Medium 199 or EGF supplemented Medium 199 formed cellular aggregates within 6 h. The surface features of cells in control and experimental cultures were indistinguishable up until 24 h after exposure to EGF. …

Use Of Polymer Casts Or Metal Particle Infusion Of Ducts To Study Antigen Uptake In The Guinea Pig Mammary Gland, D. I. Schenkman, D. T. Berman, R. M. Albrecht

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Microcorrosion casts were made of the duct system of guinea pig mammary glands by intramammary infusion of Mercox® polyester resin following involution of the glands after the first lactation. The acinar configuration of the involuted gland was apparent on examination of the casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface features, which were readily identified as those of imprints of duct al epithelium, were visible at higher magnifications. The morphology of these casts corresponded to the patterns observed by SEM of ethanol cryofractured specimens of mammary tissue.

Cryofractured specimens of guinea pig mammary glands were also examined by SEM following intramammary …

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Chromosomes And Nuclei, Kazuhiko R. Utsumi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The fine structure of metaphase chromosomes and nuclei were studied by scanning electron microscopy. A coiled-coil structure of chromosomes was suggested by hypotonically unravelled chromosomes observed under light microscope. But chromosome preparations made for the light microscopic studies were not adequate for detailed examination with scanning electron microscope. Surface-spread chromosomes revealed that they were composed of nodular, twisted looping fibers of about 300 Å in diameter. Surface-spread nuclei were also composed of fibers identical to the chromosome fibers.

The Endothelium Of Initial Lymphatics During Postnatal Development Of The Rat Tongue, A. Castenholz

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The luminal surface of the subepithelial lymphatic plexus in the tongue of rats was investigated with SEM at different stages of postnatal development. In newborn and infant animals prominent and branched endothelial cells exhibit a conspicuous phenomenon producing a very irregular inner profile of the vascular wall. Among these cells the spindle-shaped type proves to be an essential component of the valve structures already found in few-day-old animals. There are also prominent cells with a polygonal appearance resembling histioblasts which form with their manifold processes, that partly extend into the lumen, an interlacing cellular pattern. The special morphological characteristics of …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 2, Summer 1985

Utah Science

39 IRRIGATION'S DEVELOPMENT AND PATTERNS OF LIFE IN UTAH C. S. Peterson Early water development exerted a major influence on life in Utah.

44 GROUND COVERS W. A. Varga Versatile and attractive ground covers can solve several landscape problems.

48 BIG GAME ON PRIVATE LANDS: WHO BENEFITS (OR LOSES)? D. B. Nielsen, D. D. Lytle, and F. Wagstaff Landowners derive some economic benefits from big game, but it appears that the costs of damage due to deer and elk exceed income from leasing of hunting rights.

52 FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF ALFALFA HAY D. W. James, P. V. Fonnesbeck, …

Collagen Deposition During Wound Repair, Charles J. Doillon, Michael G. Dunn, Richard A. Berg, Frederick H. Silver

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Collagen fiber diameters, amount of birefringent collagen (brightness) and birefringence retardation were measured in implanted collagen-based sponges containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin (FN). In the presence of HA and FN, increased number of fibroblasts and brightness were observed 6 days after wounding. Increased brightness in the presence of HA and FN reflected increased deposition of oriented collagen fibers. From days 9 to 12, increased fiber diameters were similar in implanted collagen-based sponges with or without HA and FN. Increased birefringence retardation in sponges containing HA and FN was consistent with increased packing density of collagen fibers observed by scanning …

Development Of Fungal Calcium Oxalate Crystals Associated With The Basidiocarps Of Geastrum Minus (Lycoperdales), H. T. Horner, L. H. Tiffany, A. M. Cody, G. Knaphus

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Calcium oxalate crystals were observed on facing peridial surfaces of developing basidiocarps of Geastrum minus. Five crystal forms were characterized by their outward shapes and X-ray diffraction patterns: Form One, small bipyramids (COD); Form Two, crystals with split tips (COD); Form Three, crystals with oriented overgrowths (COD); Form Four, large bipyramids (COD); and Form Five, rosettes of plate-like crystals (COM). Forms One and Two were first to appear after peridia separated in unopened basidiocarps, whereas Forms Three, Four and Five were present on exposed peridia of opened basidiocarps. Based on time of appearance …

Recent Advances In X-Ray Microanalysis In Dermatology, Bo Forslind, Thomas G. Grundin, Magnus Lindberg, Godfried M. Roomans, Ylva Werner

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron microprobe and proton microprobe X-ray analysis can be used in several areas of dermatological research. With a proton probe, the distribution of trace elements in human hair can be determined. In contrast to sulfur, which is homogeneously distributed, calcium, iron, and zinc appear to be non-homogeneously distributed over the hair cross-section.

Electron microprobe analysis on freeze-dried cryosections of guinea-pig and human epidermis shows a marked gradient of Na, P and K over the stratum granulosum. In sections of freeze-substituted human skin this gradient is less steep. This difference is likely to be due to a decrease in water content …

Post-Mortem Storage Of Tissue For X-Ray Microanalysis In Pathology, Godfried M. Roomans, Joanna Wroblewski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Possible alternatives to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen of tissue for X- ray microanalysis of electrolytes at the cellular level were investigated. These alternatives might be used in cases where tissue becomes available for examination, e.g., at autopsy, but liquid nitrogen is not immediately available. Rat submandibular gland was used as a test tissue. Freezing of pieces of tissue in a conventional freezer at -80°C or even at -20°C retained the elemental distribution at the cellular level, and also retained the difference between a 'normal' and a 'pathological' (mimicked by an inject ion of a high dose of isoproterenol) situation. …

The Application Of Physico-Chemical Procedures In The Analysis Of Urinary Calculi, Allen L. Rodgers

Scanning Electron Microscopy

All physico-chemical techniques used in the analysis of urinary calculi have inherent advantages and limitations. Al though x-ray powder diffraction can identify constituents unambiguously, certain minor components can be missed. Infrared spectroscopy is more sensitive but band assignment at low concentrations is difficult. Scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray analysis permits the simultaneous investigation of morphology and chemical microstructure. However, microanalysis of elements lighter than sodium is not possible and constituents are prone to irradiation damage. With the electron microprobe, minor constituents can be detected but tedious sample preparation procedures are required. Transmission electron microscopy is extremely useful …

Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis In The Rat: Is It A Model For Human Stone Disease? A Review Of Recent Literature, S. R. Khan, R. L. Hackett

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Calcium oxalate stone disease is the most common human urinary stone disease in the Western Hemisphere. To understand different aspects of the disease, calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the rat is used as a model. Spontaneous calcium oxalate urolithiasis is very rare in rats. Thus the disease is experimentally induced and the rats are generally made hyperoxaluric either by administration of excess oxalate, exposure to the toxin ethylene glycol, or various nutritional manipulations. All the experimental models show renal injury associated with crystal deposition. Calcium oxalate crystals are in most cases intraluminal in renal tubules and often attached to the basal …

The Water Economy Of Nestling Swainson's Hawks (Buteo Swainsoni), John S. Kirkley

Biology

The six major components of the water economy of nestling Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were quantified and incorporated into water budget scenarios demonstrating the effects of heat stress and dietary composition on water balance. Four consecutive 1-week food trials were conducted on each of 16 nestlings to measure rates of food consumption, growth, energy utilization, excrement production and pellet production. Rates of evaporative water loss and CO2 production were measured gravimetrically on 28 nestlings under 4 thermal conditions (25°C, 35°C, 42°C, and 30°C plus sunlight) using an open flow indirect calorimetry system. Water utilization components ( i.e., water …

Utah State University Commencement, 1985 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Second Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Dispersal Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In A Disturbed Arid Ecosystem: The Potential Roles Of Biotic And Abiotic Agents, Nancy J. Warner

Biology

An evaluation of wind, small mammals and grasshoppers as dispersal agents of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was conducted in a shrub-steppe community disturbed by strip-mining in southwestern Wyoming. The capacity of each type of dispersal agent to move spores was assessed through survey and experimental sampling techniques. The collection of air samples, grasshoppers and rodent and grasshopper feces revealed that all agents studied carry VAM spores, especially in late summer. This pattern correlates well with the sporulation phenology of VAM fungi. While some spores recovered from rodent feces were germinable, those obtained from grasshoppers were not under the conditions tested. …

Effects Of Dietary Levels Of Essential Fatty Acids On Rotaviral Gastroenteritis In Infant Mice, Kamyar Abolhassan Zahedi

Biology

Effects of dietary levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) on rotaviral gastroenteritis were studied using the infant mouse as the model animal. Female mice were placed on diets devoid of EFA (0%) for 30 days. Nine days prior to breeding they were divided into three groups receiving 25%, 100% and 200% of the normally recommended quantity of dietary EFAs and were kept on this diet throughout the studies. Two-day-old offspring were infected orally with cesium chloride-purified murine rotavirus (MRV) and the extent of infection was determined. The severity of diarrhea, as exhibited by greater ratios of intestinal weight to whole …

Growth And Development Of The Black Grass Bug (Labops Hesperius Uhler) In The State Of Utah, Eric M. Coombs

Biology

The growth and development of the black grass bug Labops hesperius Uhler was observed to be a definitive process highly correlated with the accumulation of thermal energy units; chill units and growing degree hours. Development of a laboratory model demonstrated that there were considerable variations due to abiotic and biotic factors in the field that resulted in the field to laboratory growing degree hour and chill unit ratios to average about 0.55, with a base temperature of 4.5 C. Chill requirements to break egg diapause in 90 percent of the grass bug eggs tested required 1100 chill units in the …

The Acarau Valley In Northeast Brazil: Vegetation, Soils And Land Use., Joao Stacishin De Queiroz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize the principal kinds of land in the mid-portion of the Acarau Valley, Ceara State, Northeast Brazil. The specific aims were: (1) to develop a specific-purpose soil classification; (2) to investigate vegetation-environment relationships; (3) to develop hypotheses about short-term vegetation dynamics; and (4) to evaluate the usefulness of computer processed multispectral-scanner (MSS) data for mapping rangeland resources in Northeast Brazil.

Fifty-one soil profiles were described and ocular estimates of vegetation cover by species were made at each subjectively selected site. Two Landsat scenes were used to assess the usefulness of MSS …

A Comparison Of Traditional Preschool And Computer Play From A Social/Cognitive Perspective, Jeanne M. Hoover

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty females and twenty-three males from the Utah State University Children's House participated in this study which compared traditional preschool play with computer play. The Parten/Smilansky nested social/cognitive play hierarchy was used. Sociometric and cognitive assessments were incorporated in order to more clearly define behaviors. Five types of play were observed: computer, art, locks, manipulative toys, and the dramatic area.

No gender differences were found in terms of the amount of time or type of play at the computer. However, sociometric status did influence computer play. Children who engaged in more positive social interactions used the computer constructively, while those …

Coprecipitation Of Phosphorus With Calcium Carbonate In Bear Lake, Utah - Idaho, Paul W. Birdsey Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monitoring of Bear Lake was conducted in 1981 and 1982 to describe the current limnology and trophic state of the lake. The nutrient loadings of various parameters were measured from April, 1981 through June, 1982. The rate of coprecipitation of phosphorus was determined for different initial phosphorus concentrations by use of non-algal assays. Algal bioassays with Selenastrum capricornutum were used to determine the reduction in potential algal biomass as a result of the coprecipitation of phosphorus.

The lake exhibited chemical characteristics indicative of mesotrophy or eutrophy. Total phosphorus values averaged 11μg/1 for 1981 and 20 μg/1 for 1982. A hypolimnetic …

Factors Which Influence The Development Of Bloom (Redness) In Dark Colored Muscle, William Russell Egbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of acidification, low temperature, high oxygen concentration, and rotenone on the color of dark colored beef muscle were determined by use of the Hunter color difference meter. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle homogenates bloomed (turned bright red) in the presence of low pH or rotenone. Dark cutting homogenates also bloomed at low temperature. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle slices turned bright red at low temperature in an oxygen atmosphere. In dark cutting beef muscle however, low temperature was sufficient to cause the development of bloom. Factors which inhibit mitochondrial respiration influence the development of bloom in dark colored …

Modifying Lamb/Mutton Flavors In Processed Meat Products By Smoking, Curing, Spicing, Starter Cultures And Fat Modifications. Investigating The Use Of The Technicon Infraalyzer 400r As A Rapid Method For Proximate Analysis, Chima I. Osuala

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutton meat was tested in different products in order to obtain prototype products in which mutton can effectively be used without the objectionable mutton off flavor. Mutton flavor reduction was achieved in the processed meat products by: (a) lowering mutton fat to a level of 10% or less, (b) using spices, smoking and/or curing, (c) substituting fat from beef or pork for mutton fat, and (d) the action of microbial starter cultures. Four taste panel sessions were set up to rate these products against an all beef or all pork control for consumer acceptability. Taste panel results indicate that flavor …

Effect Of Iron On Residual Nitrite Level In Ground Pork And Model Systems, Changmin Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of iron, temperature, and presence of botulinal spores or sodium ascorbate on depletion of nitrite level were determined in meat and model systems. Higher temperature and presence of botulinal spores definitely increased nitrite depletion in a meat system. Added hemoglobin also significantly increased nitrite depletion, while ferrous iron and ferric iron did not significantly decrease nitrite level in a meat system. High temperature and presence of sodium ascorbate increased nitrite depletion in a model system. Only ferrous iron significantly decreased nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate, while ferric iron, heme iron, and ferritin iron did not decrease …

Iron Requirement Of Clostridium Botulinum Type A And Characterization Of Iron-Sulfur Proteins In Nitrite Treated And Untreated Botulinal Cells, Divya Shree A. Reddy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of added iron on the growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in a chemically defined medium was studied. Growth of C. botulinum was supported by an iron level of 0.05 ug/ml with maximum growth observed at a level of 3 ug iron/ml.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted to detect the presence of iron-sulfur centers and iron-nitric oxide complexes in untreated and nitrite treated cell-free extracts of C. botulinum type A. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum exhibited EPR signals in the oxidized and reduced states characteristic of a "HiPiP-type" iron-sulfur center (g=2.02) in the oxidized state and …

Reduction Of Sodium Nitrite And Sodium Chloride In A Cured Meat Product By Using Acid Development To Inhibit Botulinal Toxin Formation, Angsana Assamongkorn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pediococcus acidilactici as a lactic acid producer, and sucrose were added to breakfast strip products in order to reduce added levels of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride and yet limit the growth of Clostridium botulinum and inhibit toxin production. Sucrose at 0.4 or 0.9% with P. acidilactici at 1.0 x 10⁸ cells/g were added during preparation of breakfast strip products prepared with combinations of 40 or 80 ppm sodium nitrite and 1.0 or 2.0% sodium chloride. Other ingredients were added at levels normally used in cured meat products. C. botulinum types A and B at 1,000 spores/g were inoculated …

Effects Of Antiepileptic Drugs On Immune Function In Human Subjects And Mice, Nadine C. Margaretten

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of immune abnormalities have been found in epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED). The alterations seen range from mild suppression of immunoglobulins to severly impaired humoral and cellular immunities. There is evidence for both drug effects and genetic or acquired factors as contributors to these abnormalities. In order to examine the basis for immune abnormalities in patients with epilepsy, a number of experimental designs were employed: clinical studies, in vitro studies, and use of an animal model.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from epileptic patients currently receiving AED were found to have a reduced OKT4+/0KT8+ ratio. …

Cellular Immunity In Children With Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21), Roger Lee Noble

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individuals with Down syndrome (US) suffer from increased incidence of respiratory infections and lymphoblastic leukemia, and a death rate that is particularly high in the first 5 years of life. Relatively few studies have probed immune parameters in young US children. Primary immune defects in DS may be masked by a degree of immune maturity in adults, and hygienic factors may have an effect on immune capability throughout the years. A study of young children can give clearer evidence of the actual primary immune defects in DS.

Blood samples were drawn from 20 DS children under 6 years old and …

Energetics Of The American Kestrel (Falco Sparverius) During Three Seasons In Northern Utah, Lucinda Haggas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Behavioral activities and predatory behavior of 18 American Kestrels (Falco sparverius, 9 males and 9 females) were observed for 350+ hours during 3 seasons (nonbreeding = Jan-Feb , breeding = mid-Mar-Apr, and postbreeding = late-Aug-Sept) in northern Utah. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) of male and female kestrels was estimated with a model that incorporated flight activity data from free-living birds and laboratory measurements on daytime and nighttime metabolic rates and energy costs of tissue production derived from captive kestrels. Production costs were included in the DEE for breeding and postbreeding kestrels.

The energy cost of gonadal growth for males (0.02 …

Data Analysis Using Experimental Design Model Factorial Analysis Of Variance/Covariance (Dmaovc.Bas), Wesley E. Newton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

DMAOVC.BAS is a computer program written in the compiler version of microsoft basic which performs factorial analysis of variance/covariance with expected mean squares. The program accommodates factorial and other hierarchical experimental designs with balanced sets of data. The program is writ ten for use on most modest sized microprocessors, in which the compiler is available. The program is parameter file driven where the parameter file consists of the response variable structure, the experimental design model expressed in a similar structure as seen in most textbooks, information concerning the factors (i.e. fixed or random, and the number of levels), and necessary …

Seasonal Feeding Behavior And Forage Selection By Goats In Cleared And Thinned Deciduous Woodlands In Northeast Brazil, Roberto Cesar Magalhaes Mesquita

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The seasonal feeding behavior, forage preferences and body weight responses of goats were studied under three densities of woodland (called caatinga), and under three stocking rates. The experiment was located in the semi-arid tropics of northeastern Brazil at 3 42' South latitude, and 40 21' West longitude at an elevation of 75 meters. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 832 mm.

Removing the shrubs and trees increased yields of herbaceous only on partially-cleared sites. Goats gained body weight (kg BW/ha) during the wet season, with the cleared treatment showing the best body weight response per unit of land. However …

Growth And Water Relations Of Mountain Big Sagebrush On Reclaimed Mine Soils In Southwestern Wyoming, Alan T. Carpenter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mined-land reclamation practices in shrub-steppe ecosystems can be augmented by planting seedlings of locally dominant shrubs, e.g., mountain big sagebrush. Dispersion pattern could affect sagebrush performance by influencing amounts of windborne snow, soil and litter which accumulate around shrubs and by influencing water withdrawal by roots. Mountain big sagebrush seedlings were planted in plots on a reclaimed coal strip mine in two dispersion patterns: singly and in clumps of four at the same overall density.

Performance of mountain big sagebrush was monitored during two growing seasons. Measures included plant survival, end-of-growing season aboveground biomass, leaf water potential components, soil water …