Digital Commons Network^™

Woodpeckers, Terry A. Messmer, E. Cleary

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Vertical Migration Of Onychiurus Subtenuis (Collembola) In Relation To Rainfall And Microbial Activity, M. Hassall, S. Visser, D. Parkinson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Catastrophic Damage From Dam Break Floods, L. Douglas Jemes, Al-Hassan Sumani, Melanie L. Bengston

Reports

No abstract provided.

Snakes, Terry A. Messmer, E. Cleary

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tips On Granting Permission To Hunt, Terry A. Messmer

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Skunks, Terry A. Messmer, E. Cleary

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Homemade Nest Sites For Mallards, Terry A. Messmer, F. B. Lee, M. Johnson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Health Effects Assays, Ronald C. Sims, J. L. Sims, R. R. Dupont

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Discussion of the exponential increase in environmental toxicological information and an approach for organizing and using the information was presented by Lu and Wassom.¹ A user's guide to the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) was published by NIOSH² that defines the record layouts and describes the types of data contained in the computer tape version of the 1984 Edition of the RTECS.³ A text summarizing information on approximately 800 toxic chemicals was edited by Sittig.⁴ Milestone publications concerning fundamentals of toxicology with environmental applications included the works of Gentile,⁵ Ashby,⁶ Mortel …

The Role Of Plant Hormones In Grass Tiller Development, Marit Snow

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Two bunchgrass species commonly found in the Intermountain West, Agropyron spicatum and A. desertorum, are morphologically similar but respond to defoliation very differently. A. desertorum produces more daughter tillers and is more hardy than A. spicatum. Hormones were applied to experimental plants to observe changes in tillering rates, growth rates, and response of plants to the stress of exogenous hormone application. Gibberellic acid treatments were related to increased tiller height in both species, but also a decrease in daughter tiller production in A. desertorum and an increase in senescence in A. spicatum. Kinetin increased senescence in A. desertorum. Auxin showed …

Water Quality Management Studies For Water Resources Development In The Bear River Basin, Darwin L. Sorensen, Craig Caupp, William J. Grenney, Steve Eberl, Jay J. Messer, Phillip Ludvigsen, Charles W. Ariss

Reports

Summary: The quality of water that develops in the proposed reservoirs of the Upper Bear River Storage Project will determine the possible uses of the water. Previous studies of water quality in the Bear River and its tributaries have reported water quality problems relating to nitrate ion, sanitary indicator bacteria, suspended solids, and phosphorus concentrations. Most point sources of water pollution inthe basin have been eliminated or improved in quality, but nonpoint sources of pollution continue to degrade the quality of the Bear River. Concentrations of phosphours have been sufficiently high to encourage dense algal growth and create eutrophic conditions …

Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah Center For Water Resources Research, A Program Overview, L. Douglas James, Donna H. Falkenborg

Reports

Organization of Prepared Material: This overview presents the water resources research program administered through the Utah Water Research Laboratory and the Utah Center for Water Resources Reserach. The document is prepared for an internal review by a faculty team organized by the Administration of Utah State university and an external review by a team organized by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a national effort to evaluate the water research centers in every state over a 2-year period. These materials are prepared to stimulate discussion and spark innocative ideas for building an even stronger program. The UWRL/UCWRR administration sees …

Water Quality Management In Utah Mountain Watersheds, Keith R. Kimball, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

What Quality Management in Utah Mountain Streams: Several years of thorough monitoring of water quality parameters in Little Cottonwood Creek in Salt Lake County, Utah, measured the natural levels of the major water constituents, spotted significant (largely nonpoint) pollution sources, identified the pollutants deserving primary attention, and suggested the approaches to land and water management for pollution control in a mountain watershed used primarily for recreation purposes. Bacterial pollution is greater at night than during the day, on weekends than on week days, and in the summer than in the winter. Mineral content is of natural origin and largely explained …

Forage Utilization Estimated By Height-Weight And Grazed-Plant Methods, Joann Clark

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Determining utilization has been one of the most difficult tasks required of range scientists down through the years (Pieper 1973). Utilization is defined as the portion of the current year's growth of the plant that the animal consumes or destroys. For this reason it is difficult to measure utilization because you are trying to measure something that no longer exists.

Numerous methods have been developed for determining utilization. Some methods are rapid while others are more detailed and time consuming, but may give greater accuracy.

This study was done to see how well utilization estimates made by the grazed-plant method …

Seed Rain Patterns During Early Recovery On A Strip-Mined Site In Southwestern Wyoming, Hal W. Gordon

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Revegetating surface-mined soils of the western United States is a major problem facing natural resource managers today. The Surface Mine Reclamation and Conservation Act (SMRCA, Public Law 95-87) requires that the opera tor: "… establish on the regraded areas, and all other lands affected, a diverse, effective and permanent vegetative cover of the same seasonal variety native to the area of land to be affected and capable of self-regeneration and plant succession at least equal in extent of cover to the natural vegetation of the area ... "

Historically, most of the coal produced in the U.S. came from the …

Long Term Effects Of Radiation And Combined Modalities On Mouse Lung, David P. Penney, Paul Van Houtte, Dietmar W. Siemann, Wayne A. Rosenkrans Jr., Philip Rubin, Robert A. Cooper Jr.

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The lung appears to be the major dose-limiting organ in radiation of the thorax. Early responses (<1 week) involve the type II pneumocyte and increased surfactant biosynthesis and secretion. Later changes, which appear to be related to the surfactant response, lead to classical radiation pneumonitis, which is often fatal. Animals which survive radiation pneumonitis develop progressive fibrosis, a late-appearing response, which reduces compliance and available air space, and is usually fatal. This study centers on the fine structural changes in the lungs of LAF₁ mice, 63 weeks following various radiation exposures (5-13 Gy). Doses which are subthreshold in evoking surfactant and pneumonitic responses precipitate fibrosis and atelectasis by 63 weeks, and involve type II pneumocyte sloughing and degeneration. Of the two major deterrents to lung irradiation (pneumonitis and fibrosis), these results suggest that fibrosis always follows pneumonitis, but pneumonitis is not a necessary preliminary step to fibrosis. Bleomycin elicits several morphological alterations characteristic of radiation, and, when combined with the latter, appears to exacerbate radiation effects.

Opportunities For Electron Microscopy In Space Radiation Biology, J. T. Lett

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Densely ionizing, particulate radiations in outer space are likely to cause to mammalian tissues biological damage that is particularly amenable to examination by the techniques of electron microscopy. This situation arises primarily from the fact that once the density of ionization along the particle track exceeds a certain value, small discrete lesions involving many adjacent cells may be caused in organized tissues. Tissue damage produced by ionization densities below the critical value also afford opportunities for electron microscopic evaluation, as is shown by the damage produced in optic and proximate tissues of the New Zealand white rabbit in terrestrial experiments. …

Visible And Invisible Women In Land-Grant Colleges, 1890-1940, Alison Comish Thorne

Faculty Honor Lectures

The role and status of women in land-grant colleges has not really been studied. As many of these institutions have approached their centennials and have reflected on their past achievements, the lack of research about women faculty, women students, women staff, and faculty wives has been astounding. In part, our misperceptions or ignorance concerning women in this institutional setting is understandable. Like many women in other historical milieus, women at land-grant institutions have been invisible. Because they were rarely administrators, because they composed such a small part of the faculty, and often because of the discipline in which they taught, …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 3, Fall 1985

Utah Science

72 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR UTAH AGRICULTURE: HARNESSING THE NEW TECHNOLOGY An overview of the biotechnology's potential contributions and a synopsis of some of the related research supported by the Experiment Station.

80 UNDERSTANDING THE CAPRICIOUS GREAT SALT LAKE G. E. Bingham, E. A. Richardson, and G. L. Ashcroft Researchers have used several analytical techniques and a variety of data in their attempts to discover why water levels change in the Great Salt Lake. They have discovered important precipitation patterns and apparently identified the additional information needed to help them predict changes in lake level.

86 DETERMINING AGRICULTURE'S CONTRIBUTION TO UTAH'S ECONOMY …

An Evaluation Of Visual And Auditory Electronic Devices To Repel Deer, R. Blake Roper, Edward P. Hill

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

An electronic devicethat emitted auditory and visual stimuli was evaluated for repelling deer from hardwood plantations and soybean fields in Southwest Alabama from February 1976 through March 1978. Repellent effectiveness in hardwood plantations and in soybean fields was determined by comparing browsing damage on areas treated with the repellent stimuli against damage on control areas.

No difference (P < 0.05) was detected in browsing damage between treated and control areas in either hardwood plantations or soybean fields. Browsing damage on soybeans continued when electronic stimuli were combined with electric fences, human scent rags, and periodic shooting, demonstrating the high degree of adaptability of the white-tailed deer as they attempt to utilize an available food supply.

The Role Of State And Wildlife Agencies In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelley

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Alabama Game and Fish Division is responsible for the stewardship of the wildlife and fisheries resources in the state. Within this context and the cooperative efforts with other agencies that have dealings with animal damage, the Division develops, permits, approves and administers control of both game and nongame (except migratory) species of wildlife.

Animal control complaints fall into two major areas - crop damage and nuisance animals. Nuisance animals, with some exceptions, are bats, armadillos, alligators, woodpeckers, snakes, birds that roost or nest in rookeries. Squirrels, bears, rabbits are the cause of both nuisance and crop damage complaints. Deer, …

Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Beavers In North Carolina, David K. Woodward, Robert B. Hazel, Brian P. Gaffney

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1984, a postal survey of landowners and managers was conducted in North Carolina concerning the presence of beavers (Castor canadensis) on their property. Major objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) current distribution and relative abundance of beavers in North Carolina, (2) the economic and environmental impacts from an apparently increasing beaver population, and (3) landowner attitudes toward these increasing populations. Of the 1,069 questionnaires returned, data was compiled from 456 landowners (43 percent) who confirmed the presence of beaver activity on their property during 1983. A significant increase in beaver numbers and distribution has occurred …

Relationship Between Seasonal Changes In Forage Quality And Feeding Patterns In Meadow Voles (Microtus Pennsylvanicus), Ronald J. Brooks, Stephan A. Struger

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Forage analyses revealed that mowed orchards provide a relatively high quality forage to meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), especially in the fall. Mowed forage was characterized by significantly higher protein and moisture content and significantly lower acid and neutral detergent fibre and lignin than forage from an abandoned orchard. Energy and fat were not significantly affected by mowing. However, vole numbers declined markedly in mowed regions in comparison to undisturbed areas. Voles preferred to inhabit areas with dense cover even though vegetative dieback had occurred. Voles did not exhibit any distinct preference for either cracked corn (rodenticide carrier agent) …

Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine vole (M. pinetorum) are major pests in fruit orchards in the eastern U.S. These species damage trees by gnawing the bark or root systems during the winter months, thus, reducing the fruit yield, or in many cases actually killing the trees. Orchard owners generally use an integrated pest management approach involving a combination of methods: (1) cultural practices such as reducing favorable vole habitat, thereby, limiting the carrying capacity, (2) mechanical control through the use of tree guards or trapping techniques, and (3) the use of rodenticides, both acute …

Repellents For Rodents In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture, Ron J. Johnson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In response to a need for a safe and effective method of reducing rodent damage to newly planted corn in conservation-tillage fields, two chemicals, thiram (tetramethylthiuramdisulfide) and methiocarb (3,5-dimethy l 1-4-[methylthio] phenol methylcarbamate), were coated on untreated seed corn for evaluation as repellents and agents for conditioned aversion. Results of field-enclosure and other studies indicate that 1.25% thiram by weight repels thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and causes no phytotoxicity. Lower thiram rates tested (0.08, 0.4, 0.8%) were ineffective. Methiocarb rates of 2.5 and 5.0% repelled thirteen-lined ground squirrels, but these rates may significantly reduce corn stand counts …

Comparisons Of Strychnine And Zinc Phosphide In Prairie Dog Control, H. Todd Holbrook, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Efficacy and safety are primary considerations in registration and use of toxicants for vertebrate pest control. Strychnine (0.5%) and zinc phosphide (2%) are currently registered by EPA for prairie dog control, but continued registration is uncertain. Two percent zinc phosphide bait has been suspected of producing lower and more erratic results than strychnine bait. In our study in western Nebraska in fall 1984, indices based on changes in burrow activity showed no difference in efficacy (P =0.66) or variability (P= 0.7) of control for strychnine and zinc phosphide, however neither toxicant consistently gave effective control or black-tailed prairie dogs. Costs …

Estimating Cost-Effectiveness Of Controlling Animal Damage To Conifer Seedlings, David S. Decalesta

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A model for determining the benefit-cost ratio of controlling damage by vertebrate pests to conifer seedlings requires knowledge of the amount, distribution, and duration of animal damage, reduction in damage associated with control, costs of control, methodology and value of trees at harvest. Because control costs occurring in the present must be compared with savings recovered decades later in the future, the model incorporates procedures for discounting or adjusting future monetary benefits into present net worth valuations. The model allows forest managers to evaluate a wide range of damage costs and savings accruing from use of various control techniques. The …

Public Tolerance Of A Suburban Deer Herd: Implications For Control, Daniel J. Decker, Thomas A. Gavin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Suburban deer populations have been increasing in the eastern U.S., resulting in deer-human conflicts that can not always be resolved by a traditional management approach. Professionals responsible for management of deer damage (herd control and extension education) need information on the extent and nature of deer damage in suburban situations. Attitudes of suburban residential property owners about wildlife in general and deer in particular must be identified so that control measures that are socially acceptable as well as biologically feasible can be formulated. People's tolerance of deer damage and their propensity for undertaking on-site preventive measures need to be analyzed. …

Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To A Commercial Fishery In The Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, Scott R. Craven, Esther Lev

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The endangered classification of the double-crested cormorant (DCC) in Wisconsin resulted in complete protection and significant management efforts in the 1970's. These efforts, probably coupled with reduced pesticide loads, resulted in a resurgence of Wisconsin cormorant populations from a low of 66 pairs in 1972 to 1028 pairs in 1982. The DCC was reclassified as a threatened species in 1982. This apparent success story did not take into consideration the potential negative impact of an abundant piscivorous bird. In 1978 a colony of DCC's became established on a remote rocky island in the Apostle Islands National, Lakeshore, in Lake Superior. …

The Whooping Crane Cross-Fostering Experiment: The Role Of Animal Damage Control, Roderick C. Drewien, Stephen H. Bouffard, Desmond D. Call, Richard A. Wonacott

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Predator losses of endangered species in reintroduction programs are unacceptable because of the scarcity of the species and the major commitment of staff time and funds. When the whooping crane (Grus americana) cross-fostering experiment (experiment) at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Grays Lake), Idaho was proposed in 1972, animal damage control (ADC) was considered unnecessary. Sandhill crane (G. canadensis tabida) nest success was high and coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were uncommon. Canids increased by the mid-1970's destroying whooping crane eggs and chicks. An ADC program initiated in 1976 …

Commercial Wildlife Pest Control Permits An Alternative Approach, Gerard W. Wendt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

No abstract provided.