Digital Commons Network^™

Comparative Aspects Of Mammalian Spermiogenesis, Leif Plöen, Jean-Luc Courtens

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The testes of some different orders of eutherian mammals were examined by conventional electron microscopy with respect to their pattern of spermiogenesis. In addition, some of the testes were studied by cytochemical methods for demonstration of certain nuclear proteins and of glycoproteins in the acrosome and the plasma membrane of spermatids.

It was found that although the basic pattern of spermiogenesis was similar in all species studied, there were pronounced dissimilarities in the final shape of the spermatids. Differences were also observed in the timing of the differentiation of several organelles. The head of late spermatids and spermatozoa of Primates, …

Ultrastructural Studies Of Intercellular Contacts (Junctions) In Bone Marrow. A Review, Ferrell R. Campbell

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reviews ultrastructural studies of the intercellular contacts or junctions between cells of the bone marrow. Studies using tannic acid and glutaraldehyde as a fixative have shown pentalaminar complexes between many types of cells in marrow of mice and chicks. These intercellular contacts occur between adjacent stromal cells, between stromal cells and developing blood cells and, in marrow of mice, between migrating blood cells and cells of the sinusoidal wall. Because of their location and widespread occurrence, it is believed these contacts may represent a type of adherent junction helping to maintain an orderly arrangement of blood cells and …

Ultrasonic Microdissection Of Immature Intermediate Human Placental Villi As Studied By Scanning Electron Microscopy, Gregory J. Highison, F. Donald Tibbitts

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The human placenta during the first 20 weeks of gestation undergoes rapid and extensive morphological changes. Near the end of this period, the most predominant type of villus present is the immature intermediate placental villus. In order to visualize this complex structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we have developed a microdissection technique to expose tissue components of the placental villus while retaining its normal histological architecture. Placental villi were initially fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, buffered formalin, or 2% osmium tetroxide solution prior to exposure to connective tissue enzymes or detergents alone or in combination. Samples were dehydrated through 100% …

The Characteristic Structural Features Of The Blood Vessels Of The Lewis Lung Carcinoma (A Light Microscopic And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study), T. W. Grunt, A. Lametschwandtner, K. Karrer

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Vascular corrosion casts of Lewis lung carcinomas (LLC) grown subcutaneously in C57BL/6-mice are correlated with histological sections and with tumor tissue prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By making low, medium and high pressure cast preparations we studied the influence of perfusion and injection pressure on the resulting cast sample.

Three types of vascular proliferations are distinguishable in LLC: 1) Small globular outgrowths on sinusoidal dilated tumor capillaries, caused by proliferation of their endothelial cells. 2) New sprouts on surrounding host vessels, invading the small, still avascular implant. 3) Superficially located, centrifugally running sprouts in peripheral regions of large tumors. …

The Angioarchitecture Of The Lewis Lung Carcinoma In Laboratory Mice (A Light Microscopic And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study), T. W. Grunt, A. Lametschwandtner, K. Karrer, O. Staindl

Scanning Electron Microscopy

53 Lewis lung carcinomas implanted subcutaneously into C57BL/6-mice were examined. The animals were killed at various stages of tumor growth (TG) and prepared for histology and for scanning electron microscopy (critical-point-dried tissue; vascular corrosion casts). Prior to casting animals were rinsed using different perfusion pressures. Casting was done by manual injection of the resin, whereby different influx-rates were applied resulting in low, medium and high pressure preparations.

We discern 3 phases of tumor angiogenesis (TA) occurring during 4 stages of TG among which vasodilation establishes the first reaction of the host vascular system to a growing tumor implant. During this …

Changes In Absorptive Surfaces Of Rat Visceral Yolk Sac With Increasing Gestational Age, W. P. Jollie

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The free surface of the endodermal epithelial lining of the rat visceral yolk sac was examined by scanning electron microscopy at three stages of pregnancy, viz., 12, 17 and 22 days (birth typically occurring on the 23rd day). Additionally, by ultrasonic vibration of tissues that had been subjected to prolonged osmium fixation, the epithelium was removed and such microdissected membranes similarly were examined.

With increasing gestational age the free surface of the epithelium. underwent a relative increase in absorptive area by three mechanisms: formation of increasingly complex villous projections of the visceral yolk sac as a whole, a doming of …

Weighted Silks Observed Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry, M. Ballard, R. J. Koestler, N. Indictor

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A group of modern silk fabrics was treated with various weighting agents as standards. These standards were observed using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The standards were compared to untreated samples and to museum specimens of weighted silks. In all prepared specimens the elements expected from treatment were observed; weighting treatments could be distinguished. The analytical procedures are discussed and compared to recent work on mordant analysis using the same techniques.

Elemental And Ultrastructural Characteristics Of The Egg Capsules Of Nautilus Pompilius, R. J. Koestler, E. D. Santoro, G. Dingerkus

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Six pearly nautili (Nautilus pompilius) raised in captivity produced nonviable egg capsules which were examined using scanning electron microscopy ( SE M) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Macro and microscopic observations revealed two distinct and separate walls encircling the yolk sac. Both walls exhibited a porous appearance in cross-section. Protein analysis demonstrated the proteinaceous nature of nidimental gland secretions and egg capsule walls.

EDS analysis of each wall shows the elemental composition to be identical in both, with each wall containing similar proportions of S, CI, Mg, Na, K, and trace amounts of Ca. X-ray mapping of Na and …

Application Of Scanning Electron Microscopy To The Study Of Shark Dermal Denticles, G. Dingerkus, R. J. Koestler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Clear, high resolution scanning electron micrographs of shark dermal denticles are essential to allow the study of their morphology and micro-relief. Various techniques were tried to remove mucus and adventitious debris, including KOH, trypsin enzyme, and ultrasonication. In most species examined the best results were obtained with enzyme treatment followed by ultrasonication. For scanning electron microscopic examination it was found that 15 nm gold coating, or more, and 10 kV, or less, had to be employed to reduce charging of the denticles.

Urolithiasis In A Patient Ingesting Pure Silica: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study, D. B. Leusmann, J. Pohl, G. Kleinhans

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A patient who repeatedly produced urinary calculi, had consumed about 3g of cristobalite (SiO₂) per day for many years. Investigations using scanning electron microscopy revealed minute particles containing silicon in the core of the stone as well as in urine sediment. A mechanism similar to that proposed for the effect of silicon-containing drugs against gastric ulcer, may play a role in this formation of silicon-containing urinary stones.

Quantitative Vascular Casting Of The Post-Ischemic Hydronephrotic Kidney, Vincent H. Gattone Ii, Robert D. Sale

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The renal microvasculature (afferent arteriole) and glomeruli were examined and quantitated by two methods in the post-ischemic hydronephrotic (PIH) kidney. The methods used were: 1) an in vivo examination and 2) controlled perfusion-fixation, quantitative vascular casting examined by scanning electron microscopy. The second method was also applied to the vasculature of the contralateral, functional kidney. The goals of the study were to: 1) validate the quantitative vascular casting method by comparing PIH renal microvascular data from the casting method with in vivo values and 2) determine the extent of microvascular dimensional difference of the PIH kidney from its contralateral functional …

Lack Of Regional Surface Differences In Mouse Bladder Urothelium: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Kari Feren, Jon B. Reitan

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The surface structures of mouse urinary bladder epithelium, the urothelium, were examined in SEM. The entire surface area of both a moderately and a well stretched bladder were studied. No regional differences were found in either case. The moderately stretched bladder showed deep folds, while the well stretched bladder had only small folds giving the bladder an accordion-like appearance. In both bladders the typical surface structures were microridges arranged in a honeycomb-like pattern. The present study indicates that focal or regional differences found in bladders treated with chemicals or exposed to radiation are a result of the treatment itself, and …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Irradiated Mouse Bladder Urothelium, Jon B. Reitan, Kari Feren

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The luminal surface of mouse bladder urothelium was studied by scanning microscopy 1 year after irradiation with 0, 10 and 20 Gy respectively. The controls that were anaesthetized only displayed surface characteristics indistinguishable from normal urothelium.

Irradiation with 10 Gy did not result in marked overall changes in the scanning electron microscopic features of the luminal aspect, but in some areas alterations comparable to the alterations after 20 Gy were observed. After irradiation with 20 Gy focal hyperplastic areas, superficial early ulceration and dedifferentiation of cover cells were seen. The dedifferentiation to featureless cells is probably not associated with increased …

Preparation Methods For Quantitative Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis Of Rat Exocrine Pancreas: A Review, N. Roos, T. Barnard

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pancreatic acinar cells are thought to secrete a fluid containing digestive enzymes and electrolytes and use e,g, calcium as a second messenger upon stimulation, Together with their pronounced morphological polarity, they provide a model system to study the effect of different preparation methods for quantitative biological electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) of ultrathin sections, Several preparation methods i,e,, freeze-drying and plastic-embedding, freeze-substitution (2 days) and freeze-drying of ultrathin cryosections have been applied to examine the retention of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, (chlorine), potassium and calcium in subcellular compartments (basal cytoplasm, apical cytoplasm, mitochondria and zymogen granules), In freeze-substituted samples the …

Corrosion Cast Technique Applied In Lymphatic Pathways, A. Castenholz

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The paper deals with methods and results of the microcorrosion cast technique in lymph angiology. For the representation of the special organization of the lymph vascular system including the initial vascular structures, intranodal pathways, bigger collectors, and lymph trunks, the application of various injection techniques is necessary. The interstitial injection of Mercox proves to be suitable to show the initial lymphatics and prelymphatic spaces. Similarly, the intranodal injection makes visible the system of the lymph sinuses and the spaces of the reticular tissue in this organ. Casts of bigger collecting vessels, lymph trunks, and thoracic duct can be obtained by …

The Study Of Biominerals By High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Stephen Mann

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper presents an overview of the study of the ultrastructure of biogenic inorganic solids (biominerals) using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A range of biominerals have been studied including iron oxides, calcium phosphates, calcium carbonates and silica. The studies have revealed information concerning the structural complexity of these materials and have identified crystallographic order and disorder at the nanometre level. In addition, the results have aided the elucidation of the mechanisms of nucleation and growth of biogenic minerals.

Effects Of A Volcanic Disturbance On Small Mammals, With Special Reference To Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus) Populations, Kurt Allan Johnson

Biology

Patterns of survival and recovery of small mammal populations were studied from August 1981 through October 1984, following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Eight research plots were established, representing a matrix of two initial site conditions (forested and clearcut) by three levels of volcanic disturbance (control, heavy tephra, and blowdown). Other scientists contributed data from the level of heaviest disturbance, the blast zone. Small mammals were trapped, percent cover of vegetation and downed woody debris was measured, and food resource availability was sampled. By defining residuals (or their offspring) as all animals trapped in 1980-1982, …

Plant-Herbivore Interactions: Grasses And Grasshoppers In Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Tim B. Graham

Biology

In the Grand Canyon, grasses with 3 carbon photosynthetic pathway and C₄ grasses have different distribution patterns: C₄ grasses are more abundant at lower elevations, C₃ species are more common at higher elevations. Differences in C₃ and C₄ grass abundances at different sites were used to test the following hypotheses using three species of grasshopper: 1. C₄ plants are avoided by herbivores; and 2. sparse grasses are preferred as food over abundant grasses by herbivores. Food habits of the grasshoppers were analyzed using carbon isotope ratios and feeding trials. Carbon isotope analysis gave estimates …

Utah State University Commencement, 1986 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Third Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Effects Of Provisioning Rates And Number Fledged On Sibling Aggression In Great Blue Herons, Joseph P. Sullivan

Biology

During 1984 and 1985, a total of 51 Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) nests were observed in northern Utah. Rates of parental provisioning to nestlings and number of young fledged were compared to frequencies of thirteen nestling: nestling interactions. Only the unranked provisioning rates: number fledged comparison was found to have a regression slope significantly different from zero. No significant correlation was found between provisioning rate and any nestling interaction. Significant correlations and regression slopes were found between some nestling interactions and number fledged. Sibling aggression did not appear to be a means to bring about brood reduction. …

The Genetic Relatedness Of United States Prototype Bluetongue Viruses By Rna/Rna Hybridization, Timothy F. Kowalik

Biology

The genetic relatedness of the prototype bluetongue viruses isolated in the United States were examined by RNA/RNA hybridization. Genomic dsRNAs of the five United States prototype bluetongue viruses were separated by either SOS-PAGE or NuSieve agarose gel electrophoresis. These were blotted by both standard Northern technique and a recently developed, rapid alkali-blotting method to positively charged nylon membranes. The blotted RNAs were then probed with 3'-end labeled dsRNA of each serotype. Initially, single segments were individually hybridized to identify cognate genes. Total genomic dsRNAs were subsequently probed to determine genetic relatedness. The genes coding for the nonstructural proteins NS1 and …

In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Lead On Natural Killer Cell Activity, Hesham Saleh Ibrahim

Biology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lead on the natural killer (NK) cell, a type of lymphocyte which is considered to be a first line of defense against tumors. In this study, the effect of lead on NK cell activity and interferon-augmented NK cell activity has been investigated along with the possible mechanisms by which lead affects these activities. Four approaches were used in an attempt to determine possible mechanisms by which lead affects NK cells: viability testing of treated/untreated cells; testing the effect of lead on the NK cell activity in the presence/absence of …

An Emergency Transfusion Technique, Ann Rich

Biology

The purpose of this study was to develop a transfusion technique that could be used in developing countries and in times of civilian disaster or wartime, when electricity and sophisticated equipment are not available. This technique consists of the use of a device for direct transfusion, consisting of plastic tubing connected to a stopcock and syringe, and a method of direct compatibility testing. The device was tested on sheep using a flow rate of 1 ml/s. No problems were encountered and no adverse reactions were observed. The compatibility technique was tested on 150 blood specimens. It was able to detect …

Animal Nutritional Response To Sward Structure Under Short Duration Grazing Management, Kenneth C. Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A ten-paddock short duration grazing cell was stocked with yearling heifers at a stocking rate of 0.7 ha per animal unit month and a stocking density of 0.14 ha per animal unit. A continuously-season- long-grazed (CSLG) pasture was used as a control. It was stocked at the same stocking rate, but at a stocking density of 1.4 ha per animal unit. Grazing periods in SDG paddocks were two or three days. Dietary quality was assessed by crude protein · content and in vitro digestibility of esophageal fistula estrusa samples. Three variables of ingestive behavior were measured, including ingestion rate, biting …

Effect Of Short Duration Grazing On Soil Moisture Depletion And Plant Water Status In A Crested Wheatgrass Pasture, Jon M. Wraith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A short duration grazing system was utilized to determine the effects of intensive periodic defoliation during spring on soil moisture depletion patterns and plant water status in a crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum) pasture in central Utah. Exclosures were constructed to compare grazed and ungrazed responses. Soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 193 cm at one to two week intervals from mid-April to late-September using a neutron moisture gauge. Predawn and midday leaf water potentials were estimated using a pressure chamber technique. The two paddocks included in the study were grazed three times between …

A Model For Estimating Available Iron From Total Nutrient Intakes, Ann Marie Black

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Factors which affect iron bioavailability have been repeatedly and extensively investigated. A model, derived from these studies, has been developed for estimating available iron from meal data. However, many dietary surveys report only average daily intakes of iron, and do not report the iron present in single meals. No model to estimate available iron from daily iron intake has been presented in the literature.

Dietary questionnaires were kept for two nonconsecutive weekdays by 355 male and 382 female Utah school children, mean age 7.5 years, assisted by their parents, and recorded by household measure. Data, first recorded as meals eaten, …

Factor Analysis Of A Self-Report Problem Inventory For Use In Clinical Settings, William F. Corey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A factor analysis was performed using 609 subjects, each of whom completed the 265 Hem self-report problem inventory. Factor analysis was used in this context as the logical first step in the development of the problem inventory. For the purpose of analysis, 240 of the Hems were used. Results suggest that there may be utility in further research involving the problem inventory. A literature review of current diagnostic issues, se 1 f-report inventory issues, diagnostic interviewing issues, and finally, self-report inventory development is included.

Carnivore Competition And Resource Use In The Serengeti Ecosystem Of Tanzania, George Walter Frame

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Coexisting ungulate-eating carnivores--lion, spotted hyena, cheetah, leopard, African wild dog, black-backed jackal, common jackal, and six species of vulture--are examined in East Africa's Serengeti ecosystem. Niche similarities year-round, by season, and by location are described using food, habitat, time of hunting, and other variables. Intraspecific niches of cheetah sex, age, and social groups show that male coalitions differ most from the others in hunting behavior and habitat use. Tests using the carnivore data failed to support hypotheses about niche breadth variation, niche overlap variation, range of food items, and niche inclusion. Densities of the five largest Carnivora in the 35,500 …

The Psychological And Social Consequences Of Htlv-Iii Infection: Homosexuals In Orange County, Ca, Kenneth Burton Kaisch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the psychological and social consequences experienced by homosexual men who learn that they have positive results on the HTLV-III antibody test, but who have not yet developed AIDS or ARC. Employing a census survey of the membership of three California homophile organizations (n=1905), 30 HTLV-III positives and 55 negatives completed a biographical questionnaire, the IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, the IPAT Depression Scale, and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Results indicate that HTLV-III positives show considerable disorganization after hearing test results, have clinically high levels of anxiety (n=10), and clinically high levels of depression …

Feathers And Steel: A Folkloric Study Of Cockfighting In Northern Utah, Jesse Lloyd Walker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The scope of this thesis is to make a statement on the sport of cockfighting as it is practiced in the counties of northern Utah. It is a sport that has a long and colorful history, a unique body of lore and is practiced by serious, dedicated men.

Cockfighting history emanated from the Manu code of India through the Greek and Roman civilizations, spreading from there both east and west till it girdled the globe. The Roman traditions largely influenced the English Cockers who brought their sport to the American colonies. The southern gentry were quick to adopt the sport, …