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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Exploring Career Maturity: A Comparison Of Student-Athletes And Non-Athletes At A Division I Institution, Walter Tarver, Iii
Exploring Career Maturity: A Comparison Of Student-Athletes And Non-Athletes At A Division I Institution, Walter Tarver, Iii
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This quantitative study compared the career maturity of student-athletes and non-athletes at a Division I university, and assessed career maturity differences among student-athletes. Super’s Theory of Career Development served as the theoretical framework, while the Career Maturity Inventory-Revised Attitude Scale (CMI-R/AS) was utilized to collect data. Student-athletes were found to exhibit lower levels of career maturity than non-athletes. Among student-athletes, males scored lower on career maturity than females. Additionally, those identifying more closely with their athletic identities, those with higher aspirations to play professional sports, those with stronger beliefs in the likelihood that they would play professional sports, and those …
Signalling Expertise In Sport Entrepreneurship: A Mixed-Methods Approach Using Topic Modeling And Thematic Analysis, Ted Hayduk, Brianna Newland
Signalling Expertise In Sport Entrepreneurship: A Mixed-Methods Approach Using Topic Modeling And Thematic Analysis, Ted Hayduk, Brianna Newland
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Despite the recent importance of technological entrepreneurship to sport business, very little is known about the entrepreneurs who are actively defining this new landscape. And, given that effective communication is essential to a thriving entrepreneurship ecosystem, it is important for investors to understand who sport entrepreneurs are and how they position themselves to the world. This will help create a sport business landscape that is receptive to new technologies and supportive of the entrepreneurs who champion them. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to illuminate how sport entrepreneurs communicate with potential investors. To do so, the paper employs a …
A Case "Fore" Buffer Zones, Natalie Bird, Nicholas Schlereth
A Case "Fore" Buffer Zones, Natalie Bird, Nicholas Schlereth
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Golf tournaments are fun and exciting events because they allow for up-close interaction with players, but they also present a risk management concern. Professional golfers are not immune to hitting errant golf shots and a lack of buffer zones often results in spectator injury. The purpose of this paper is to examine how buffer zones can be enhanced or developed to protect patrons. Utilizing data from the PGA Tour, a model was developed to aid in predicting errant tee shots to enhance buffer zones.
An Examination Of Travel Effects On Performance Outcomes In Major League Soccer, Evan Gilbert, Jess Dixon, Todd Loughead
An Examination Of Travel Effects On Performance Outcomes In Major League Soccer, Evan Gilbert, Jess Dixon, Todd Loughead
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The home advantage (HA) is a well-documented phenomenon across team sports, including association football (soccer). The effects of travel play a role in the HA, although the nature in which travel affects performance is still unknown. Match data from Major League Soccer (MLS) were used to investigate the role that crowd factors, travel, and team quality play in the HA. The results demonstrated the negative effect of a connecting flight by the visiting team on match outcomes. Also, in comparison to drawn matches, home team wins and losses increased when traveling east.
The Use Of Season Ticket Incentives In Major League Baseball, Kaitlin Poe, John Drea
The Use Of Season Ticket Incentives In Major League Baseball, Kaitlin Poe, John Drea
Journal of Applied Sport Management
A study of Major League Baseball season ticket promotional incentives found that the most popular types of incentives provided to season seat holders (SSHs) were exclusive offers, complementary items, discounts, ticket options and services, and payment plans. Offering a payment plan to SSHs was positively associated with higher average game attendance. Payment plans were more commonly associated with teams with higher winning percentages over the past three seasons and with teams that filled a higher percentage of their stadium capacity. Teams that fill more of their stadium capacity were also found to offer fewer categories of season ticket incentives to …
To Serve And Protect: Examining The Relationship Between Selling Alcohol In College Football Venues And Negative Fan Behaviors, Nels Popp, Archer Bane, Steven Howell, Barbara Osborne
To Serve And Protect: Examining The Relationship Between Selling Alcohol In College Football Venues And Negative Fan Behaviors, Nels Popp, Archer Bane, Steven Howell, Barbara Osborne
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Currently, many university and college athletics administrators are weighing the decision to sell alcoholic beverages at on-campus sporting events. Prior studies have found negative behaviors related to binge drinking spike on college campuses during football gamedays. However, empirical research examining the effect of a policy change regarding the selling of alcoholic beverages in college athletic venues on fan behavior remains somewhat limited. The current study examined longitudinal campus police records at 12 institutions which have recently changed their in-venue alcohol policy. Results from the analysis confirm prior studies suggesting negative behaviors increase on home football game days. The decision to …
Volume 12.1 Complete Issue
Journal of Applied Sport Management
File includes front matter, six articles, and back matter.
Israel’S Strategic And Tactical Use Of The 2017 Maccabiah Games For Nation Branding And Public Diplomacy, Yoav Dubinsky, Lars Dzikus
Israel’S Strategic And Tactical Use Of The 2017 Maccabiah Games For Nation Branding And Public Diplomacy, Yoav Dubinsky, Lars Dzikus
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The Maccabiah Games, also known as “The Jewish Olympics,” are a quadrennial international multisport event that takes place in Israel and is deeply rooted in the Zionist movement. The purpose of this study is to analyze strategies and tactics Israel used in the 2017 Maccabiah Games for nation branding and public diplomacy. Based on ethnographic field research during the Maccabiah Games in July 2017, the authors identified nine different tactics used by the Maccabiah organizations that correlate the strategic goals of the State of Israel. Results have theoretical and practical implications of how countries can use sports events for nation …
College Football Revival: Analyzing The Impact Of Marketing Efforts On Key Stakeholders At A Division I Fcs Commuter School, Lucas A. Christiansen, Amanda Greene, Charles W. Jones
College Football Revival: Analyzing The Impact Of Marketing Efforts On Key Stakeholders At A Division I Fcs Commuter School, Lucas A. Christiansen, Amanda Greene, Charles W. Jones
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The current study examined the impact of a recently restarted football program and a new on-campus stadium on the alumni and students of a Division I FCS commuter school. Results showed that alumni felt more connected to the university because of the new football program, they were more satisfied with their overall game-day experience, and the new football stadium was more likely to increase their game attendance when compared to students. Supplementary analysis highlights key differences in how each group rated individual elements of the game-day experience and the mediums used by each group for obtaining team-related information. Subscribe to …
The Retention Of Adult Sport Participants: The Challenge Of Player Ratings, Edward Horne, Matthew Brown
The Retention Of Adult Sport Participants: The Challenge Of Player Ratings, Edward Horne, Matthew Brown
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The current study investigates the retention of competitive tennis players in the United States Tennis Association’s (USTA’s) adult league system to answer the following questions: What factors do participants identify as impactful to their participation in adult league tennis? How do participants believe these factors impact their retention? Results suggest participants believe the current system fails to incentivize development as competitors fail to transition successfully to a higher rating and struggle socializing into a new team. Competitors therefore seek to cheat the system. The current study illustrates the importance for league policymakers to consider unintended consequences and provides recommendations. Subscribe …
Athletic Administrators Report Of Emergency Action Plan Adoption In Secondary School Athletics: The Influence Of Athletic Training Services, Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller, Lindsay J. Distefano, Johna K. Register-Mihalik, Rebecca L. Stearns, Craig R. Denegar, Douglas J. Casa
Athletic Administrators Report Of Emergency Action Plan Adoption In Secondary School Athletics: The Influence Of Athletic Training Services, Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller, Lindsay J. Distefano, Johna K. Register-Mihalik, Rebecca L. Stearns, Craig R. Denegar, Douglas J. Casa
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study describes the emergency action plan (EAP) adoption in secondary school athletics reported by athletic administrators in the United States. Utilizing best-practice criteria, a questionnaire assessed athletic administrators’ knowledge and adoption of an EAP in their athletics program. A majority of athletic administrators reported having an EAP; however, the EAP often lacked the necessary components to be compliant with best-practice guidelines. Further, access to an athletic trainer was associated with increased EAP adoption and adopting a venue specific EAP. Athletic administrators should utilize these data to facilitate improved policy adoption and management of athletics programs.
Supporter Ownership As Entrepreneurship In American Soccer, Zachary T. Smith, R. Ethan Smith
Supporter Ownership As Entrepreneurship In American Soccer, Zachary T. Smith, R. Ethan Smith
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Entrepreneurship has been touted as a crucial lens for the future of sports management scholarship (Hardy, 1996; Ratten, 2011). Ratten (2011a) specifically proposed sport entrepreneurship “as a category of entrepreneurship that fosters economic development in the sports management field” (p. 60). Yet, to date, no scholarly literature has applied the sports-entrepreneurship lens to local football (soccer) clubs in the United States. Thus, the purpose of this article is to use the lens of sport entrepreneurship to introduce the phenomenon of supporter owned football clubs in the United States (U.S.). Through the course of this article, sport entrepreneurship will be used …
Sport Momsumers: A Modern Reexamination Of The Role That Mothers Play In Their Families’ Professional Sport Consumption, Jessica R. Braunstein-Minkove, Jennifer L. Metz
Sport Momsumers: A Modern Reexamination Of The Role That Mothers Play In Their Families’ Professional Sport Consumption, Jessica R. Braunstein-Minkove, Jennifer L. Metz
Journal of Applied Sport Management
As the role of women and, therefore, mothers has changed, so too, has their place in their families’ professional sport consumption experience. This qualitative assessment, including a demographic and consumption snapshot, provides insight into the perspective of mothers in their families’ professional sport consumption habits and intentions. Primary findings fall under the themes of Personal Priorities and Constraints. While Constraints drove the conversation, this group of women was interested in maintaining and sharing the role of sport in their lives. As such, minimal- investment recommendations are made to address the concerns that mothers have with many of these items. Subscribe …
A Descriptive Analysis Of Corporate Environmental Responsibility In Major League Professional Sport, Martin Barrett, Kyle S. Bunds, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael B. Edwards
A Descriptive Analysis Of Corporate Environmental Responsibility In Major League Professional Sport, Martin Barrett, Kyle S. Bunds, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael B. Edwards
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This article explores corporate environmentalism across North American major league professional sport through a webpage content analysis of disclosed business practices and programs. The results of the content analysis reify previous academic work, which suggests corporate environmental responsibility in professional sport is varied. Yet, the results also point to an increasingly standardized approach to integrated/operational business practices focusing on materials and resources, and energy and atmosphere, as well as campaign-based programs focusing on corporate social marketing. The findings identify an opportunity for professional team sport organizations to innovate new cause-related marketing and cause promotion programs, and point to a key …
Education Through Athletics: Interest In An Athletics Performance Curriculum, Harry Molly, Erianne A. Weight
Education Through Athletics: Interest In An Athletics Performance Curriculum, Harry Molly, Erianne A. Weight
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Intellectual and life-skill benefits of collegiate athletics participation have been doc-umented in empirical research, yet athletics-centric curricula are traditionally not offered for academic credit in higher education. This pilot study employed a survey, distributed to FBS Division I college varsity athletes, coaches, athletics administra-tors, and faculty from three Atlantic Coast Conference institutions, to explore the interest in an athletics performance minor through the lens of the Integrated View of intercollegiate athletics. The results demonstrate a moderate interest in an ath-letics performance curriculum, with 66% of those surveyed voicing support. Those most supportive were varsity athletes and coaches, while faculty were …
The Rivalry Effect: The Potential To Foster (Lapsed) Donor Giving, Katherine R. N. Reifurth, Kelly M. Evans, Jeffrey D. James, Yong Jae Ko
The Rivalry Effect: The Potential To Foster (Lapsed) Donor Giving, Katherine R. N. Reifurth, Kelly M. Evans, Jeffrey D. James, Yong Jae Ko
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Prior sport rivalry researchers have failed to examine the effects of rivalry utilizing a multidimensional approach to team identification as well as the effects of rivalries in relation to the behavioral outcomes of lapsed donors. The authors worked with the official booster club of a large public university to create three distinct email campaigns targeting lapsed donors to test the effects of framing donation requests with rivalry-themed communications. The results of this study highlight the variations in these distinct identification dimensions due to the presence of a rivalry as well as the behavioral effects a rivalry has on these lapsed …
Collaborative Innovation In Professional Sport Stadium Construction: An Event History Analysis, Sungil Hong, Mar Magnusen, Dennis Coates
Collaborative Innovation In Professional Sport Stadium Construction: An Event History Analysis, Sungil Hong, Mar Magnusen, Dennis Coates
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study identifies and empirically tests a variety of potentially important deter-minants influencing new stadium construction adoption from both a team and government perspective, while also accounting for the role of diffusion effects in new stadium construction. The sample consists of 28 Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises in 26 cities in the U.S. Given the longitudinal nature of the stadium con-struction process, event history analysis (EHA) was employed as the primary sta-tistical method. Overall, 48% of the variance was explained by the research model. Diffusion effects (measured as divisional diffusion and regional diffusion) were found to be the most meaningful …
Spectator Age And Periodic Changes In Game Viewership: An Application Of Positivity And Life-Span Theory In The National Football League, Scott Tainsky, Jie Xu
Spectator Age And Periodic Changes In Game Viewership: An Application Of Positivity And Life-Span Theory In The National Football League, Scott Tainsky, Jie Xu
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study examines the factors that influence sport broadcast viewership, exploring the relationship between spectator age, time remaining in the season, and team success. We identify the determinants of demand for two different age groups— youth and older adults—and analyze differences in the impact of team quality and playoff probability on viewership during midseason games and those during the stretch run of the season. Ordinary least squares models are used to estimate the effects and Wald tests to establish differences between groups. Our models show local team quality increased viewership by a greater margin for youth than older adults for …
Understanding The Role Of Motivation In Professional Athletes, Michelle Gacio Harrolle, Melissa Klay
Understanding The Role Of Motivation In Professional Athletes, Michelle Gacio Harrolle, Melissa Klay
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Our study examines the overall motivation of professional athletes in an effort to assist sport organizations in understanding their most important asset, the players. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences and motivations of professional athletes within a team setting. Researchers conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 13 professional American football players. Seven themes were present within the data including a love of the game, selfmotivation, sense of community, professional development, engagement with fans, assist the league, and lack of financial support, which was identified as a deterrent to motivation. Teams should increase investment in the professional …
A Conceptual Analysis Of Performance Attributes’ Influence On Nba Attendance: Why Do Consumers Choose To Attend Games?, Mark Andrew Davis, John Miller
A Conceptual Analysis Of Performance Attributes’ Influence On Nba Attendance: Why Do Consumers Choose To Attend Games?, Mark Andrew Davis, John Miller
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Fans want to capitalize on their choices when deciding whether to attend NBA games. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual analysis regarding how overall team performances as well as offensive and defensive factors may relate to consumers choosing to attend NBA games during the 2007-2008 to 2016-2017 sea-sons. Analyzing the results through the lens of the theory of choice, the results revealed significant relationships existed primarily between attendance at NBA games and offensive capabilities of the teams. As a practical matter, consumers choose to attend games that are most likely to be offensively oriented. Subscribe to …
Choice Overload And Partial Season Ticket Sales, Clinton J. Warren, Joshua M. Lupinek
Choice Overload And Partial Season Ticket Sales, Clinton J. Warren, Joshua M. Lupinek
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study utilizes a consumer choice experiment to assess if choice overload exists with partial season ticket packages of a Major League Soccer (MLS) team. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of three conditions with an increasing number of partial season ticket options. Study results indicate as the number of options available increases, buyers are more likely to feel the decision-making process was difficult and regret the decision they made. However, participants were generally satisfied to be afforded so many options, and increasing the number of ticket plan options did not appear to affect purchase intent or potential purchase satisfaction.
Entertainment Design In Mixed Martial Arts: Does Cage Size Matter?, Paul Gift
Entertainment Design In Mixed Martial Arts: Does Cage Size Matter?, Paul Gift
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This paper investigates the effect of a change in cage size on fighter performance outcomes in Zuffa-owned mixed martial arts (MMA) promotions. Variation in cage size is observed through different events over time in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC). Results suggest that smaller cages lead to more fight finishes (knockouts and submissions) and higher rates of distance knockdowns and choke attempts, all exciting outcomes for viewers. But they also lead to a higher proportion of time with fighters pressed against the cage, a position some viewers may dislike. Since MMA promoters com-pete with other forms …
Making A Difference: Bridging The Gap Between The Ivory Tower And The Community, Dan Rascher
Making A Difference: Bridging The Gap Between The Ivory Tower And The Community, Dan Rascher
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Keynote address given at the 2019 ASMA Conference as part of the Lifetime Achievement Award ceremony.
Surveying The Landscape Of Theories And Frameworks Used In The Study Of Sport And Religion: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Zachary T. Smith, Steven N. Waller Ph.D.
Surveying The Landscape Of Theories And Frameworks Used In The Study Of Sport And Religion: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Zachary T. Smith, Steven N. Waller Ph.D.
Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies
Religion and sport is a bourgeoning and maturing interdisciplinary area of study. As the volume of research conducted about topics related to the interface of religion and sport, attention to sound research methods, including the use of relevant theories and theoretical/conceptual frameworks becomes essential. Scholars such as Stausberg and Engler (2014) have posited that the methods used in religious studies (including theory and frameworks) are not as rigorous as those utilized in social science related fields. The imperative then becomes to use theories and frameworks from social science related disciplines such as leisure studies, sports studies and sport psychology to …
The Fat Leading The Thin: Relative Body Size, Physical Activity Identification, And Behavioral Problems, Andrew C. Pickett, George B. Cunningham
The Fat Leading The Thin: Relative Body Size, Physical Activity Identification, And Behavioral Problems, Andrew C. Pickett, George B. Cunningham
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Though sport and physical activity participation are key elements of a healthy lifestyle, anti-fat biases serve as barriers to active living, leaving a large population segment underserved. This stigma also creates thin body standards for people working in sport and physical activity, including instructors. In this study, the authors conducted an experiment to explore how instructor and participant body size interact to influence activity identification and subsequent intentions to be physically active. Results indicate that larger-bodied participants were more identified when working with a larger instructor. For thinner participants, there were no significant differences in identification related to instructor body …
Esports Venues: A New Sport Business Opportunity, Seth E. Jenny, Margaret C. Keiper, Blake J. Taylor, Dylan P. Williams, Joey Gawrysiak, R. Douglas Manning, Patrick M. Tutka
Esports Venues: A New Sport Business Opportunity, Seth E. Jenny, Margaret C. Keiper, Blake J. Taylor, Dylan P. Williams, Joey Gawrysiak, R. Douglas Manning, Patrick M. Tutka
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Typically played via the Internet, eSports (organized competitive video gaming) is becoming a global phenomenon. The popularity of video games and the desire to spectate online and in-person gaming has amplified as Internet-based gaming has improved. eSports competitions are hosted all around the world, but particularly in the United States, Europe, and Asia. While eSports-specific venues are increasingly being built, many venues that host eSports competitions were constructed primarily for other professional sports or entertainment. These entertainment facilities must attract popular financially beneficial events in order to survive. eSports events have great potential to fit this mold. This paper briefly …
Factors Impacting Ticket Price Paid By Consumers On The Secondary Market For A Major Sporting Event, Nels Popp, Stephen Shapiro, Patrick Walsh, Chad Mcevoy, Jason Simmons, Stephen Howell
Factors Impacting Ticket Price Paid By Consumers On The Secondary Market For A Major Sporting Event, Nels Popp, Stephen Shapiro, Patrick Walsh, Chad Mcevoy, Jason Simmons, Stephen Howell
Journal of Applied Sport Management
In an era of dynamically priced tickets, sport marketers benefit from a greater understanding of factors impacting the price consumers are willing to pay. Past research has investigated external factors affecting ticket price on the secondary market, but little work has investigated internal factors and no prior research has utilized actual price paid as a dependent variable. The current study found age, income, prior attendance, timing of purchase, and seat location influenced secondary ticket price paid, explaining 44.9% of the variance, while fan identification and alumni status did not impact the amount patrons paid for tickets to a major college …
Rivalry Versus Hate: Measuring The Influence Of Promotional Titles And Logos On Fan Rival Perceptions, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Frederick G. Grieve
Rivalry Versus Hate: Measuring The Influence Of Promotional Titles And Logos On Fan Rival Perceptions, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Frederick G. Grieve
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The current study used an experimental design to examine how exposure to promotional titles and logos can influence fan rival perceptions. Students attending two schools that moved athletic conferences, and therefore, began rivalries with teams in their new conference, were exposed to either a neutral or negative fabricated title and logo meant to promote the new rivalry. They then reported their perceptions of the rival team. Results showed that students exposed to the neutral title were less likely to support their rival against another team than students exposed to the negative title. Further, students exposed to the negative title believed …
An Analysis Of Running Event Consumer Behaviors, Thomas Aicher, Jason Simmons, Alicia Cintron
An Analysis Of Running Event Consumer Behaviors, Thomas Aicher, Jason Simmons, Alicia Cintron
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this study was to examine the motives, constraints, and event selection factors affecting consumers’ decisions to participate in running events, specifically for a running festival in the Midwest United States. In partnership with a large running festival in the Midwest United States, data were collected via an online questionnaire. In total, 1,650 individuals completed a portion of the survey with 1,235 completing the additional questions for this investigation yielding a 74% completion rate. Based on the results of this study, runners’ autonomous motivation was significantly greater among those who participated in more events or longer distances during …
The Loud Crowd: Using Vocal Responses To Understand The Emotional Experiences Of Spectators, Matthew Katz, Bob Heere, Katherine Reifurth
The Loud Crowd: Using Vocal Responses To Understand The Emotional Experiences Of Spectators, Matthew Katz, Bob Heere, Katherine Reifurth
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Much research has been conducted on the relationship between emotions and the sport experience, but most research in this field has used survey data, which has proven to have many limiting factors when attempting to measure emotions. Rather than relying on surveys, the present study uses a more direct measure of consumer emotion: sound. By measuring the variations in sound levels among sport attendees, the present study provides an exploratory study of sport fan emotions through behavioral indicators of emotional experiences rather than cognitive recall. Our results indicate that the strongest vocal responses were consistently in response to surprising plays, …