Digital Commons Network^™

A Decision-Making Framework For Hybrid Resource Recovery Oriented Wastewater Systems, Nader Rezaei

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Water shortage, water contamination, and the emerging challenges in sustainable water resources management (e.g., the likely impacts of climate change and population growth) necessitate adopting a reverse logistics approach, which is the process of moving wastewater from its typical final destination back to the water supply chain for reuse purposes. This practice not only reduces the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment, but also provides an alternative to withdrawal from natural water resources, forming a closed-loop water supply chain. However, the design of such a supply chain requires an appropriate sustainability assessment, which simultaneously accounts for economic, environmental, and …

Rain Rituals As A Barometer Of Vulnerability In An Uncertain Climate, L. Jen Shaffer

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

Researchers and aid agencies, seeking to improve their understanding of local climate change responses, adaptation, and vulnerability, frequently interact with communities around the world who strongly emphasize their religious beliefs and practices. Dismissal and misunderstandings of these local perspectives can slow assessments of local climate vulnerability and development of adaptive capacity. In this paper, I show how analysis of rain ritual failure exposes the multiple stressors Ronga communities in southern Mozambique face, and as such, serves as a proxy measure for climate vulnerability at the local level. Oral histories and targeted interviews with participating elders, local chiefs, and community members …

Full Issue 11.3

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

National Mechanisms For The Prevention Of Atrocity Crimes, Samantha Capicotto, Rob Scharf

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The field of atrocity crimes prevention has witnessed a trend over the previous three to four years in which states around the world are employing a new approach to the development and implementation of preventive policies. This trend has partly manifested in the establishment of what are called National Mechanisms for Atrocity Crimes Prevention. The Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) among others, through its work supporting governments and their institutions to develop or strengthen policies and practices for the prevention of genocide and other mass atrocities, has been working with members of these National Mechanisms and following their …

Land Use, Microclimate, And Surface Runoff Linkages: Space-Time Modeling From Rockel-Seli River Basin, Sierra Leone, C. Wilson, B. Liang, S. Wilson, Fenda A. Akiwumi

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This study mainly utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) together with SWAT-CUP, both free and open source software (FOSS), to construct a distributed hydrologic flow model for the Rokel-Seli River basin, Sierra Leone, in a bid to spatiotemporally evaluate the role of changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and microclimate on streamflow regimes. The model was informed by LULC data derived from three Landsat satellite images collected in 2002, 2010, and 2016. The LULC data was generated with the aid of several python libraries accessed through the FOSS Anaconda Navigator. LULC change analysis demonstrated that between 2002 and …

Cryptic Biodiversity And Phylogeographic Patterns Of Seychellois Ligia Isopods, Carlos A. Santamaria, Joanna K. Bluemel, Nancy Bunbury, Melinda Curran

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Ligia isopods are conspicuous inhabitants of rocky intertidal habitats exhibiting several biological traits that severely limit their dispersal potential. Their presence in patchy habitats and low vagility may lead to long term isolation, allopatric isolation and possible cryptic speciation. Indeed, various species of Ligia have been suggested to represent instead cryptic species complexes. Past studies; however, have largely focused in Eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Ligia, leaving in doubt whether cryptic diversity occurs in other highly biodiverse areas. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands of different ages and geological origins spread across the western Indian Ocean. They are …

Hiv/Stis And Intimate Partner Violence: Results From The Togo 2013-2014 Demographic And Health Surveys, Anthony H. Nguyen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: Among clinic based studies, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to contribute to HIV/AIDS among young girls and women. Results from studies among the general population have been less consistent. This study evaluated the associations between HIV infection, any sexually transmitted infections, and IPV in a population based sample of Togolese women.

Methods: Data from the Togo 2013-2014 Demographic and Health Surveys were utilized for these analyses. Women aged 15-49 who were currently married, had HIV test results and answered the Domestic Violence Module were analyzed (n = 2386). Generalized linear mixed-models adjusting for sociodemographic variables, risk behaviors, …

Late Quaternary Speleogenesis And Landscape Evolution In A Tropical Carbonate Island: Pango La Kuumbi (Kuumbi Cave), Zanzibar, Nikos Kourampas, Ceri Shipton, William Mills, Ruth Tibesasa, Henrietta Horton, Mark Horton, Mary Prendergast, Alison Crowther, Katerina Douka, Patrick Faulkner, Llorenç Picornell, Nicole Boivin

International Journal of Speleology

Kuumbi Cave is one of a group of caves that underlie a flight of marine terraces in Pleistocene limestone in eastern Zanzibar (Indian Ocean). Drawing on the findings of geoarchaeological field survey and archaeological excavation, we discuss the formation and evolution of Kuumbi Cave and its wider littoral landscape. In the later part of the Quaternary (last ca. 250,000 years?), speleogenesis and terrace formation were driven by the interplay between glacioeustatic sea level change and crustal uplift at rates of ca. 0.10-0.20 mm/yr. Two units of backreef/reef limestone were deposited during ‘optimal’ (highest) highstands, tentatively correlated with MIS 7 and …

The Role Of History And Political Studies In Post-Genocide Reconstruction And Development, Charles Kabwete Mulinda

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper argues for complementarity between social sciences, such as history and political studies on the one hand, and science and technology on the other hand. It insists that Africa and Rwanda in particular need the discipline of history in conjunction with science and technology in order to teach knowledge that is complete and to target African renaissance, that is, sustainable development and sustainable peace.

It also makes an advocacy for History and Political Science disciplines because of particular crises that those programmes are currently facing at the National University of Rwanda (NUR). But it does also put those crises …

Introduction, François Masabo

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

No abstract provided.

Paratransit Business Strategies: A Bird’S-Eye View Of Matatus In Nairobi, Dorothy Mccormick, Winnie Mitullah, Preston Chitere, Risper Orero, Marilyn Ommeh

Journal of Public Transportation

Nairobi’s paratransit vehicles—called matatus—provide most of the City’s public transport. They are operated as private for-profit businesses with varying levels of investment, labor, and strategic thinking. The vehicles are subject to regulation but have little regard for laws, regulations, or the comfort of the traveling public. Interviews of informed observers—the “bird’s-eye view”—underscored the business character of matatu firms and revealed considerable variation in business structure, modes of operation, levels of organization, and attitudes towards regulation, and they highlighted ways that government and industry institutions affect matatu organization and operations. This study identified eight elements of matatu business strategy and a …

The Language Factor In Regional Integration In The Great Lakes Region, M. Mulokozi

Peace and Conflict Management Review

No abstract provided.

Rwanda: Programme Of Integrated Development, Honourable Protais Musoni

Peace and Conflict Management Review

No abstract provided.

The Question Of The Recent Expulsion Of Rwandans From Tanzania, Charles Gasarasi

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

From 2000 to 2006, more than 33,000 Rwandan immigrants were expelled from Tanzania. Most of them were expelled without regard to international conventions on rights and duties of countries that host legal or illegal immigrants. Tanzanian authorities accused the expelled persons of illegal settlement and implication in various crimes. The expelled immigrants, on the other hand, deplore acts of injustice, corruption, humiliation and theft of their goods perpetrated against them by Tanzanian local and regional authorities of Kagera Region. A correct diplomacy, facilitated by the Joint Technical Team, set up to resolve the expulsion related problems, has helped to moderate …

Burundi: Un Processus De Negociation Entre Le Gouvernement Et Le Palipehutu-Fnl Dans L'Impasse, Elias Sentamba

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Since 2005, President Nkurunziza has not kept his promise to conclude peace agreement with Palipehutu-FNL. Palipephutu has not given up its ethnist ideology since its foundation. Its fight for the hutu cause has not considered the political change since the Arusha peace agreement. This entailed many political errors which has discredited its paradigm. **Though CNDD-FDD is heading Burundian legitimate political institutions, it is still behaving as an underground movement: use of force to muzzle political opposition and internal dissidents instead of resorting to the rule of law. This illegitimacy is negatively influencing the forthcoming 2010 elections. ***These positions, so poles …

The Movement Ecology Of The Straw-Colored Fruit Bat, Eidolon Helvum, In Sub-Saharan Africa Assessed By Stable Isotope Ratios, Gonzalo Ossa, Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Alison J. Peel, Anne K. Scharf, Christian C. Voigt

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Modeling Commuter Preferences For The Proposed Bus Rapid Transit In Dar-Es-Salaam, Alphonse Nkurunziza, Mark Zuidgeest, Mark Brussel, Martin Van Maarseveen

Journal of Public Transportation

The paper analyzes individual commuter preferences towards the proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. The objective of the survey was to identify how commuters perceive and value the proposed BRT service quality attributes. A stated preference survey of potential users of the proposed BRT was administered to 684 commuters who traveled to the central business district (CBD) on a regular basis. To this end, a special pictorial score card was developed that was suited for the local context and needed to capture the preferences of the commuter respondents. The BRT attributes considered for study are travel time, …

Full Issue 15(2)

Journal of Public Transportation

No abstract provided.

Urban Bus Services In Developing Countries And Countries In Transition: A Framework For Regulatory And Institutional Developments, Brendan Finn, Corinne Mulley

Journal of Public Transportation

Urban passenger transport has experienced major change in many developing countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, as well as in countries of political and/or economic transition in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and China. Such changes have included planned market opening to private operators and new entrants; unplanned market opening by the entry of unlicensed operators; privatization and other changes to the ownership base of large public-sector transport companies; emergence of large-scale minibus and paratransit; and national and urban policies and programs to upgrade the transport supply and quality. This paper presents a framework to understand regulatory …

Adolescence Is An Ocean: A Biocultural Investigation Of Youth Food Consumption In Tanzania, Elizabeth J. Danforth

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates adolescents' relationships with food and other community and household members' perceptions of youth and their food consumption to understand the multifactorial dynamic processes which create nutritional outcomes among urban and rural youth in central Tanzania. Youth are an important and demographically large population in developing countries. The identities created during this distinct stage of cultural production can be reflected in youths' food consumption and relationships with food. Nutrition likely affects how youth transition through a variety of states, including their growth and development stages, primary to secondary to higher education, child to parent, or unemployed to employed. …

Framing 10/12 And 3/11 In American And European News, Andrea Lypka

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This media analysis of the incidents in Bali in 2002 (10/12) and Madrid in 2004 (3/11) reveals the black and white portrayal of these attacks in western news through the localization of international terrorism occurrences, pro-government perspective, and internalization of U.S. policies. The Old Europe and New Europe debate further fractures the European press. Such rhetoric perpetuates the "us versus them" schism by contrasting the goals of the alleged perpetrators with the western values of democracy and freedom. Governmental sources remain central news sources during these crises. In addition, 9/11, war on terrorism, and fear from further attacks dominate news …

Predicting The Medical Management Requirements Of Large Scale Mass Casualty Events Using Computer Simulation, Scott A. Zuerlein

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Recent events throughout the world and in the US lend support to the belief that another terrorist attack on the US is likely, perhaps probable. Given the potential for large numbers of casualties to be produced by a blast using conventional explosives, it is imperative that health systems across the nation consider the risks in their jurisdictions and take steps to better prepare for the possibility of an attack. Computer modeling and simulation offers a viable and useful methodology to better prepare an organization or system to respond to a large scale event. The real question, given the shortage, and …

Sexual Diversity, Social Inclusion And Hiv/Aids., Carlos F. Cáceres, Peter Aggleton, Jerome T. Galea

Social Work Faculty Publications

Despite a number of programmes to prevent HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and, more generally, sexually diverse populations, gay and other homosexually active men continue to be at heightened risk of HIV and its consequences. This paper analyses some of the reasons for this situation and offers policy and programmatic recommendations to contribute to a solution. The social exclusion of MSM and transgender individuals is an overwhelming reality in the majority of countries worldwide. Although progress has been achieved in some countries, in most of the world the situation remains problematic. Present challenges to equality and …

Quebrada Communities In The Palmarejo Valley, Northwest Honduras, William A. Klinger

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The spatial relationships that exist between ancient and modern settlement and natural resources have the potential to suggest ways in which humans organized themselves into communities. This study evaluates the applicability of the concept, "quebrada community," for understanding human-environmental relationships in northwest Honduras during the Late Classic period (AD 650-900). Existing archaeological, quantitative, and geological evidence for quebrada communities are linked with spatial data on two contemporary local communities, Palmarejo and Palos Blancos. A geographic information system (GIS) is constructed and implemented in order to achieve this goal. It is argued that there are specific relationships that exist between ancient …

Genocide By Denial: How Profiteering From Hivaids Killed Millions, Peter Mugyenyi

Holocaust and Genocide Studies Publications

Traces the carnage of HIV/AIDS from its Ugandan epicentre in the villages of Kasensero, along the shores of Lake Victoria, through sub-Saharan Africa and onto the rest of the world. The author's involvement in the struggle against the virus started in 1989, soon after his return from a long exile in Europe and the Middle East. ... In this book the author exposes the incredible self-indulgence of the pharmaceutical companies and the cold-heartedness of the rich world that turned a blind eye until it was far too late, and then responded too slowly with too little.

Malaria, Labor Supply, And Schooling In Sub-Saharan Africa, Taiwo Abimbola

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causal effects of malaria and poor health in general on economic outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study uses panel data from the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) for Tanzania from 1991 to 2004. Three main hypotheses are tested. First, the study evaluates the effect of malaria and other chronic illnesses on labor supply using the number of hours worked per week as a measure of outcome. Second, it determines the impact of poor health on human capital accumulation by measuring the number of weekly school hours lost to illness. The third …

Choosing Your Baseline Carefully: Integrating Historical And Political Ecology In The Evaluation Of Environmental Intervention Projects, Danny De Vries

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

Environmental intervention projects aim to re-engineer the cultural landscape. Entering at a particular moment in time, such projects commonly produce a "baseline" analysis. This analysis captures elements in the environment that are later compared to measured changes the project claims to produce. Illustrated through a case study of a Tanzanian community conservation non-governmental organization, the argument made in this paper is that uncritical use of such baselines in measuring and evaluating environmental intervention projects is a practice that tends to impose ahistorical understandings of human-environmental relationships that have deep historical roots. The paper illustrates how an attempt to draw a …

Assessment Of The Community Healthcare Providers' Ability And Willingness To Respond To A Bioterrorist Attack In Florida, Jeffrey S. Crane

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous findings have demonstrated that the preparedness and infrastructure of the public health system are inadequately developed for a biological and/or chemical terrorism attack. (1-4) Chen et al. reported that those primary care providers that would have to respond to such an attack do not feel prepared to diagnose and manage such an event.(5)

This research was an observational study using e-mail/web based survey to assess the levels of preparedness (PL) and willingness to respond (WTR) to a bioterrorism attack, and identify factors that predict PL and WTR of Florida community healthcare providers. The conceptual framework and questionnaire was designed …

Estimating Bird Population Sizes And Trends: What Are The Hard Data, What Are The Unavoidable Assumptions? A Plea For Good Documentation, Joost Brouwer, Neil E. Baker, Bertrand Trolliet

Wader Study Group Bulletin

No abstract provided.

The Weekly Challenger, December 4, 1999, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The December 4, 1999, issue of The Weekly Challenger.